Abstract: In order study the characteristics of agricultural economic development in Shaanxi Province, and promote balanced development of regional agricultural economy, according to the cities’agricultural total output in Shaanxi, the differences of agricultural economy were measured by range, standard deviation and coefficient variation, the evolution characteristics of agricultural economy in temporal and spatial was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the development of agricultural economy in Shaanxi experienced four stages from 2001 to 2013, and each stage was different in growth rate; (2) obvious changes existed in the proportion of agricultural economy in three major regions, a slight decrease was found in Guanzhong area, a 3.09% reduction was found in southern Shaanxi and a 4.10% increase was found in northern Shaanxi; (3) the absolute gap of agricultural economy among cities continued to expand, and the relative gap changed in an irregular way; (4) the relative gap of agricultural economy in three major regions showed a polarization trend, the relative gap in southern Shaanxi expanded slightly, the relative gap in Guanzhong area remained stable and that in northern Shaanxi decreased rapidly and then increased slowly. Every region should take the advantage of resource superiority, develop featured agriculture and improve agricultural competitiveness.