Abstract: In order to study the influence factors of food security in Hunan Province and ensure a sustainable development of its grain production, the authors took representative indexes of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization and greenization as the test materials, derived the values of these indexes from 2001 to 2012 in Hunan Province. By using entropy weight method and multiple linear regression method, the influence factors of grain production were quantitatively studied. The results showed that: the elastic coefficient of agricultural modernization was 0.182, the elastic coefficient of new industrialization was 0.369, the elastic coefficient of greenization was 1.162, agricultural modernization, industrialization and greenization passed the test respectively by 10%, 5% and 1%, and had greater impact on grain production. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the impact of agricultural modernization, new industrialization and greenization in combining with the actual situation of Hunan Province in order to achieve the grain production goals according to the quality and quantity.