Abstract: The aim of the study is to understand the differences of canopy structure, yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear under different planting densities, and provide theoretical references for the selection of appropriate planting density. The tree body structure, orchard population structure, yield and quality of several different planting densities of Korla fragrant pear were investigated. And orchard population structure and fruit quality were analyzed and evaluated by using principal component analysis method. The index of different planting densities of eight population structures was simplified as four indicators: tree height, crown height, crown width and length of new shoot, which could reflect the major information of population structure of different planting densities orchard. The components as fruit quality, fruit weight, fruit shape index, hue angle, soluble solid content in eight components were important factors to decide the quality of fruit. The overall score of the orchard group decreased with the decrease of density; the fruit quality of 5.0 m× 6.0 m was the best and the yield was relatively high; the fruit quality of 2.5 m× 7.0 m was poor but the yield was high. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the fruit quality of 5.0 m× 6.0 m was the best, the yield was in the moderate level, and the population structure was reasonable, which was the suitable planting density.