Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the regulation of miR-1298-5p and its potential target gene TGF-βR1 on skin and hair follicles development at different stages in fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats for obtaining theoretical research data on miR-1298-5p and TGF-βR1 in the development of skin and hair follicles. Using skin and hair follicles tissues from cashmere goats and fine-wool sheep at different stages as materials, potential target genes of miR-1298-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Expression of miR-1298-5p and its potential target gene TGF-βR1 were determined by qRT-PCR. Expression of TGF-βR1 protein was determined by Weston blot. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 3''UTR of TGF-βR1 from fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats presented a binding site of miR-1298-5p. Relative expression of miR-1298-5p from fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats were both up regulated from anagen to catagen and down regulated from catagen to telogen, and presented difference between fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats. Relative expression of TGF-βR1 mRNA in cashmere goats was higher than that in fine-wool sheep at anagen and lower at catagen and telogen. And miR-1298-5p and TGF-βR1 showed a negative regulation trend, which implied that TGF-βR1 might be the target gene of miR-1298-5p. Relative expression of TGF-βR1 protein in cashmere goats was also higher than that in fine-wool sheep at anagen and lower at catagen and telogen, being the same as the relative expression of TGF-βR1 mRNA, which further implied that TGF-βR1 was target gene of miR-1298-5p.