Exogenous Phytohormones: Effects on Related Gene Expression to the Appearance and Intrinsic Quality of Wax Gourd

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0510

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the effects of three phytohormones GA₃, ABA and 6-BA on fruit quality of wax gourd and further explore their mechanism of action. Taking wax gourd (B481) as the test material, the changes of fruit appearance, flavor and nutritional quality, and the expression of related genes after treatments of the three phytohormones were measured. The fruit length and diameter of wax gourd treated with ABA were significantly decreased, and the expression of auxin-responsive gene BhSAUR related to fruit type was significantly down-regulated. The content of fructose and glucose increased significantly and the content of sucrose decreased significantly in wax gourd fruits under GA₃ treatment. The expression of alkaline α-galactosidase BhAGA1 and BhAGA2, acid invertase BhSAI1 and sucrose synthase BhSUS2 in sugar metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of sucrose synthase BhSUS4 and sucrose phosphate synthase BhSPS1 were significantly down-regulated. The content of AsA in wax gourd fruits treated with GA₃, ABA and 6-BA decreased significantly, and the expression of dehydroascorbate reductase BhDHAR2 in ascorbic acid metabolism pathway was significantly up-regulated. In summary, phytohormones affect wax gourd fruit length, monosaccharide content, sucrose content and ascorbic acid content by regulating the expression of key genes. The study can provide a theoretical basis for using phytohormones to improve the fruit quality of wax gourd.

Key words: exogenous phytohormones, wax gourd, appearance quality, flavor quality, nutritional quality, related gene expression

XUE Shudan, WAN Xiaotong, ZHONG Yujuan, WU Yujuan, LU Sen, LIU Zhanshu, FU Manqin, XIE Dasen. Exogenous Phytohormones: Effects on Related Gene Expression to the Appearance and Intrinsic Quality of Wax Gourd[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(18): 52-60.

Figures/Tables 7

References 49

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基因编号	基因注释	基因序列号	正向引物	反向引物
BhSAUR	生长素上调小RNA	Bhi10G001538	GAATCTGAAGATGGGCCAAA	GGGGTTGGAAATTGGAAACT
BhFIN	羟脯氨酸O-阿拉伯糖基转移酶	Bhi10G000196	AACATTGACCCCATTGGAAA	AAGGAGGCTGCAGCATAAAA
BhAGA1	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi09G002818	TACCCGGAAGACCAACAAAG	TCCAAGACTCGCCTGCTATT
BhAGA2	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi03G001926	ATGCTTTGGCTGGTTATTGG	TTTACGCCATCGATACCACA
BhGLA1	α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi07G000938	ATCAACGATTCGTGGGAGAG	CAACTTCGAGCATGTCAGGA
BhGLA2		Bhi07G000940	AATCAAGGAAACAGCGGATG	CTGGATCCCAGCATCTGAAT
BhGLA3		Bhi04G000582	GGCCATGGTTCTGCACTATT	AGCTCCAGGAATTTGCTTCA
BhGLA4		Bhi07G000425	GTTGCATCAACGATCACCAC	CCACTGCATCTCCTGCAATA
BhGLA5		Bhi03G000736	TTGTGAATGGGGTGTTGATG	ACATGCTTGCCCATGTATCA
BhGLA6		Bhi07G000939	GACGCCCCATTCTCCTATCT	CAGGATCATTCCAACCACCT
BhNI1	中性转化酶	Bhi09G001276	CTTCGCCTTCCTCATTTCTG	AGGCTGATGGACAGCTCACT
BhNI2		Bhi05G001499	ACCCTGCCATTGAAAGTCAC	GCCTGGTTTCAGCTAGTTCG
BhNI3		Bhi07G000647	CGTTGGCATTGGAGAAACTT	GAACACACAGCCCGAGGTAT
BhNI4		Bhi01G000796	CCTCCTCTGATTCTCTGTGTATAGG	TCCCCAGTAGTCTCCCAAGG
BhNI5		Bhi06G001349	GCCCGACTGATGCGTAAAAT	AGGGGATTTTACACGCGAGA
BhSAI1	可溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi12G000699	TACAACCCTGAATCAGCCGT	GAGGGGATCGGATAGGTTGG
BhSAI2		Bhi12G000382	CGCATATCATGGAATCGAGCC	GGAAAATGGGAAATGAACCGAGT
BhSAI3		Bhi05G000651	TGGAAAAGGGATTTGGTTGA	GCTCGGAAAGTGATTCACGA
BhIAI1	不溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi09G002576	GCCACGATTTTCCATCTTGT	AACCCAAATGAGAGGTGCTG
BhIAI2		Bhi04G000459	AAGAAGGGGTGGTCTGGACT	CCATCTTGTTTCCACCGACT
BhIAI3		Bhi09G000300	GGATCTAAGGGGAAGGCTTG	CACCGAGTTTTGTGATGGTG
BhIAI4		Bhi11G001939	TCCAAATGGCCCAATGTTAT	GTAAAGAGCGGGCTTCAATG
BhSPS1	蔗糖磷酸合成酶	Bhi04G002068	GAGAGGATTCCGGTGCAATA	CAACGAACGTGACCATTTTG
BhSPS2		Bhi02G000776	AGCTCTGCGTTGTCATGTTG	TGTTAGCATGGAGCTGGTTG
BhSPS3		Bhi12G001273	TCGGCAGATCTTGTCAACAG	CACTGCTTTCTCCGACATCA
BhSUS1	蔗糖合成酶	Bhi02G001475	GCCTCCAGCGTATCTACGAG	CGTCTTTCATTTCCCTTCCA
BhSUS2		Bhi08G001620	TTCGGATGCTAAATGGAAGG	ATTGTCCTGGCCTGTTTTTG
BhSUS3		Bhi12G001032	TGGGGATTTGAGAGAGGATG	GGCCAAAGTATCCATGAGGA
BhSUS4		Bhi11G001031	CATGAGGAGCTATGCGGAA	ACGATGCAGCTTCTTTTCTTCG
BhGULO	L-古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶	Bhi01G000447	GTCAGGGGGTGAACTACGAA	GGAGTGGGGCAGATGAAGTA
BhGalLDH	L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶	Bhi03G001991	TGTACACGTTCACAGGAATGC	ACTGTGATGAACAAGGCATGG
BhDNAH1	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi07G000813	CTGGCGAAGTTTGATGACAA	CATCATTTGGGTCCTTGCTT
BhDNAH2	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi01G001485	ATCGTTTGGCATGAGATTCC	TGCCCTTTGAGTGACTTCCT
BhMDNAH1	单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi11G000597	ACGAGTGTCAATGGCGTGTA	GGTCGTTTCTCCGATGTTGT
BhMDNAH2		Bhi03G001129	AGGCTGCTTCCTGAGTGGTA	GCATCAGCTCCTTGAACTCC
BhMDNAH3		Bhi06G000439	CTTGGAAAAGGGTGGAATCA	TTCTGGCTGAGTCAACATGC
BhMDNAH4		Bhi11G001650	CATCAAGGCAGAGGAAGAGG	CTTGGCAATGGCCTTGTATT
BhMDNAH5		Bhi12G000285	CTGTTGGCGGAATACAGGTT	TCCTAGGGCTCCCTTCGTAT
Actin	内参基因	Bhi03M001070	TGCTGGTCGTGACCTTACTG	GCCAGCTTCTCCTTCATGTC

基因编号	基因注释	基因序列号	正向引物	反向引物
BhSAUR	生长素上调小RNA	Bhi10G001538	GAATCTGAAGATGGGCCAAA	GGGGTTGGAAATTGGAAACT
BhFIN	羟脯氨酸O-阿拉伯糖基转移酶	Bhi10G000196	AACATTGACCCCATTGGAAA	AAGGAGGCTGCAGCATAAAA
BhAGA1	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi09G002818	TACCCGGAAGACCAACAAAG	TCCAAGACTCGCCTGCTATT
BhAGA2	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi03G001926	ATGCTTTGGCTGGTTATTGG	TTTACGCCATCGATACCACA
BhGLA1	α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi07G000938	ATCAACGATTCGTGGGAGAG	CAACTTCGAGCATGTCAGGA
BhGLA2		Bhi07G000940	AATCAAGGAAACAGCGGATG	CTGGATCCCAGCATCTGAAT
BhGLA3		Bhi04G000582	GGCCATGGTTCTGCACTATT	AGCTCCAGGAATTTGCTTCA
BhGLA4		Bhi07G000425	GTTGCATCAACGATCACCAC	CCACTGCATCTCCTGCAATA
BhGLA5		Bhi03G000736	TTGTGAATGGGGTGTTGATG	ACATGCTTGCCCATGTATCA
BhGLA6		Bhi07G000939	GACGCCCCATTCTCCTATCT	CAGGATCATTCCAACCACCT
BhNI1	中性转化酶	Bhi09G001276	CTTCGCCTTCCTCATTTCTG	AGGCTGATGGACAGCTCACT
BhNI2		Bhi05G001499	ACCCTGCCATTGAAAGTCAC	GCCTGGTTTCAGCTAGTTCG
BhNI3		Bhi07G000647	CGTTGGCATTGGAGAAACTT	GAACACACAGCCCGAGGTAT
BhNI4		Bhi01G000796	CCTCCTCTGATTCTCTGTGTATAGG	TCCCCAGTAGTCTCCCAAGG
BhNI5		Bhi06G001349	GCCCGACTGATGCGTAAAAT	AGGGGATTTTACACGCGAGA
BhSAI1	可溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi12G000699	TACAACCCTGAATCAGCCGT	GAGGGGATCGGATAGGTTGG
BhSAI2		Bhi12G000382	CGCATATCATGGAATCGAGCC	GGAAAATGGGAAATGAACCGAGT
BhSAI3		Bhi05G000651	TGGAAAAGGGATTTGGTTGA	GCTCGGAAAGTGATTCACGA
BhIAI1	不溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi09G002576	GCCACGATTTTCCATCTTGT	AACCCAAATGAGAGGTGCTG
BhIAI2		Bhi04G000459	AAGAAGGGGTGGTCTGGACT	CCATCTTGTTTCCACCGACT
BhIAI3		Bhi09G000300	GGATCTAAGGGGAAGGCTTG	CACCGAGTTTTGTGATGGTG
BhIAI4		Bhi11G001939	TCCAAATGGCCCAATGTTAT	GTAAAGAGCGGGCTTCAATG
BhSPS1	蔗糖磷酸合成酶	Bhi04G002068	GAGAGGATTCCGGTGCAATA	CAACGAACGTGACCATTTTG
BhSPS2		Bhi02G000776	AGCTCTGCGTTGTCATGTTG	TGTTAGCATGGAGCTGGTTG
BhSPS3		Bhi12G001273	TCGGCAGATCTTGTCAACAG	CACTGCTTTCTCCGACATCA
BhSUS1	蔗糖合成酶	Bhi02G001475	GCCTCCAGCGTATCTACGAG	CGTCTTTCATTTCCCTTCCA
BhSUS2		Bhi08G001620	TTCGGATGCTAAATGGAAGG	ATTGTCCTGGCCTGTTTTTG
BhSUS3		Bhi12G001032	TGGGGATTTGAGAGAGGATG	GGCCAAAGTATCCATGAGGA
BhSUS4		Bhi11G001031	CATGAGGAGCTATGCGGAA	ACGATGCAGCTTCTTTTCTTCG
BhGULO	L-古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶	Bhi01G000447	GTCAGGGGGTGAACTACGAA	GGAGTGGGGCAGATGAAGTA
BhGalLDH	L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶	Bhi03G001991	TGTACACGTTCACAGGAATGC	ACTGTGATGAACAAGGCATGG
BhDNAH1	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi07G000813	CTGGCGAAGTTTGATGACAA	CATCATTTGGGTCCTTGCTT
BhDNAH2	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi01G001485	ATCGTTTGGCATGAGATTCC	TGCCCTTTGAGTGACTTCCT
BhMDNAH1	单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi11G000597	ACGAGTGTCAATGGCGTGTA	GGTCGTTTCTCCGATGTTGT
BhMDNAH2		Bhi03G001129	AGGCTGCTTCCTGAGTGGTA	GCATCAGCTCCTTGAACTCC
BhMDNAH3		Bhi06G000439	CTTGGAAAAGGGTGGAATCA	TTCTGGCTGAGTCAACATGC
BhMDNAH4		Bhi11G001650	CATCAAGGCAGAGGAAGAGG	CTTGGCAATGGCCTTGTATT
BhMDNAH5		Bhi12G000285	CTGTTGGCGGAATACAGGTT	TCCTAGGGCTCCCTTCGTAT
Actin	内参基因	Bhi03M001070	TGCTGGTCGTGACCTTACTG	GCCAGCTTCTCCTTCATGTC

指标		control	GA₃	ABA	6-BA
果长	纵径/cm	34.4±0.46 a	34.4±0.09 a	31.22±0.90 b	34.9±0.17 a
果粗	上横径/cm	8.06±0.31 a	7.34±0.57 ab	6.94±0.07 b	7.54±0.45 ab
	中横径/cm	7.00±0.15 a	6.56±0.25 ab	5.98±0.30 b	6.90±0.60 a
	下横径/cm	9.28±0.42 a	8.98±0.30 ab	8.38±0.25 b	9.36±0.33 a
果形指数		4.24±0.12 a	4.52±0.18 a	4.40±0.17 a	4.40±0.16 a

指标		control	GA₃	ABA	6-BA
果长	纵径/cm	34.4±0.46 a	34.4±0.09 a	31.22±0.90 b	34.9±0.17 a
果粗	上横径/cm	8.06±0.31 a	7.34±0.57 ab	6.94±0.07 b	7.54±0.45 ab
	中横径/cm	7.00±0.15 a	6.56±0.25 ab	5.98±0.30 b	6.90±0.60 a
	下横径/cm	9.28±0.42 a	8.98±0.30 ab	8.38±0.25 b	9.36±0.33 a
果形指数		4.24±0.12 a	4.52±0.18 a	4.40±0.17 a	4.40±0.16 a

处理	control	GA₃	ABA	6-BA
果糖/(mg/g DW)	143.36±5.95 b	177.58±1.32 a	144.75±8.14 b	149.25±7.85 b
葡萄糖/(mg/g DW)	149.85±6.57 b	180.58±4.20 a	151.68±8.19 b	160.97±4.57 b
蔗糖/(mg/g DW)	6.31±0.67 a	3.45±0.18 b	5.51±0.34 a	5.41±0.73 a
总糖/(mg/g DW)	299.52±10.99 b	361.62±5.19 a	301.94±15.80 b	315.63±12.47 b
苹果酸/(mg/g DW)	29.36±0.28 a	30.01±0.11 a	30.97±3.59 a	30.75±5.17 a
莽草酸/(mg/g DW)	0.40±0.06 a	0.42±0.03 a	0.47±0.04 a	0.41±0.02 a
富马酸/(mg/g DW)	5.30±0.40 a	5.36±0.61 a	3.64±0.16 b	5.40±0.84 a
柠檬酸/(mg/g DW)	—	—	0.84±0.10	—
总酸/(mg/g DW)	35.05±0.53 a	35.80±0.49 a	35.91±3.54 a	36.57±6.10 a