Effects of Combined Application of Organic Substituting Fertilizer and Slow Controlled Fertilizer on Soil Fertility in Paddy Field

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0764

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of organic alternative fertilizer and slow controlled fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, microbial biomass and rice yield, the field experiment consisting of eight treatments were conducted: control (CK₁), formula fertilization (CK₂), organic alternative fertilizer (C₁), Yangfeng coated slow controlled fertilizer (C₂), Jinda chelated slow controlled fertilizer (C₃), Wanli Shennong organic slow controlled fertilizer (C₄), Xinlianxin slow controlled fertilizer (C₅) and Yantai Longdeng slow controlled fertilizer (C₆). The effects of different fertilizers combined with formulated fertilizers on paddy soil fertility were evaluated through chemical properties, soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass analysis. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, enzyme activity and microbial biomass of C₁-C₆ treatments were increased compared with CK₁ treatment after two years of continuous fertilization. The rice yields of C₁-C₆ treatments were significantly higher (19.07%-46.58%) than that of CK₁ treatment. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the highest soil fertility was found in C₁ treatment, followed by C₅, C₃, C₄, C₂, C₆, CK₂, CK₁ treatment. The soil fertility of organic substitute fertilizer treatment and slow controlled fertilizer treatment was higher than that of control and formula fertilization treatments, and the soil fertility of organic alternative fertilizer treatment was the highest. The organic fertilizer plays a significant role in reducing fertilizer application, increasing crop yield and improving soil fertility. And the results of this study can provide a reference for the optimization of formula fertilizer.

Key words: organic substituting fertilizer, slow controlled fertilizer, soil fertility, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

LIU Xiaoting, WANG Jingwen, YANG Wenye, ZHANG Qichun. Effects of Combined Application of Organic Substituting Fertilizer and Slow Controlled Fertilizer on Soil Fertility in Paddy Field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(25): 77-83.

Figures/Tables 10

References 30

[1]	SMITH K A, JACKSON D R, WITHERS P. Nutrient losses by surface run-off following the application of organic manures to arable land. 1. Nitrogen[J]. Environmental pollution, 2001, 112(1):53-60. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00098-1 URL
[2]	段永惠, 张乃明, 张玉娟. 施肥对农田氮磷污染物径流输出的影响研究[J]. 土壤, 2005, 37(1):48-51.
[3]	王家宝, 邬刚, 袁嫚嫚, 等. 不同施氮量及施氮方式对水稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2022(5):10-17.
[4]	万年鑫, 黄强, 郑顺林, 等. 硝化/脲酶抑制剂对秋马铃薯植株及土壤氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2021,(1):83-89.
[5]	崔磊, 李东坡, 武志杰, 等. 不同硝化抑制剂对红壤氮素硝化作用及玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(11):3953-3960. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.022
[6]	王娟娟, 朱紫娟, 钱晓晴, 等. 减施化肥与不同有机肥配施对稻季土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 土壤, 2021, 53(5):983-990.
[7]	LI J, LI Y T, YANG X D, et al. Microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity are associated with organic carbon availability in an agricultural soil[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2015, 14(12):2500-2511. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61229-1
[8]	安祥瑞, 江尚焘, 李焕苓, 等. 减施化肥配施有机肥对荔枝生长,产量品质及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 土壤, 2021, 53(6):1174-1184.
[9]	KHAN M A, KIM K W, MINGZHI W, et al. Nutrient-impregnated charcoal: an environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer[J]. The environmentalist, 2008, 28(3):231-235. doi: 10.1007/s10669-007-9133-5 URL
[10]	张玉凤, 沈玉文, 王江涛, 等. 缓控释掺混尿素对章丘大葱—小麦产量,效益及土壤氮素的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(2):231-238.
[11]	DONG D, WANG C, VAN ZWIETEN L, et al. An effective biochar-based slow-release fertilizer for reducing nitrogen loss in paddy fields[J]. Journal of soils and sediments, 2020, 20(8):3027-3040. doi: 10.1007/s11368-019-02401-8
[12]	赵其国, 孙波. 土壤质量与持续环境:I.土壤质量的定义及评价方法[J]. 土壤, 1997, 29(3):113-120.
[13]	GIL-SOTRES F, TRASAR-CEPEDA C, LEIRÓS M C, et al. Different approaches to evaluating soil quality using biochemical properties[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2005, 37(5):877-887. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.10.003 URL
[14]	WANG L H, FU Q. Soil quality assessment of vegetation restoration after a large forest fire in Daxing’anling, northeast China[J]. Canadian journal of soil science, 2020, 100(2):162-174.
[15]	TIAN X Q, LI Z, WANG Y F, et al. Evaluation on soil fertility quality under biochar combined with nitrogen reduction[J]. Scientific reports, 2021, 11(1):13972. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93391-6
[16]	ABDEL-FATTAH M, MOHAMED E S, WAGDI E, et al. Quantitative evaluation of soil quality using principal component analysis: The case study of El-Fayoum Depression Egypt[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(4):1824. doi: 10.3390/su13041824 URL
[17]	赵兰坡, 姜岩. 土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨[J]. 土壤通报, 1986(3):138-141.
[18]	关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社,1986.
[19]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析(3版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[20]	韩小美, 黄则月, 程飞, 等. 望天树人工林根际土壤理化性质及微生物群落特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(10):3365-3375. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.019
[21]	冯克云, 王宁, 南宏宇, 等. 水分亏缺下化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性与产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(1):125-137. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04077
[22]	张华艳, 牛灵安, 郝晋珉, 等. 秸秆还田配施缓控释肥对土壤养分和作物产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(1):140-149.
[23]	ZHOU J, GUAN D, ZHOU B, et al. Influence of 34-years of fertilization on bacterial communities in an intensively cultivated black soil in northeast China[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2015, 90:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.005 URL
[24]	邹湘, 易博, 张奇春, 等. 长期施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落结构及氮循环功能微生物数量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(12):2158-2167.
[25]	金树权, 陈若霞, 汪峰, 等. 不同氮肥运筹模式对稻田田面水氮浓度和水稻产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(1):242-248.
[26]	WANG Y, FU F, LI J, et al. Effects of seaweed fertilizer on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings, soil enzyme activities and fungal communities under replant condition[J]. European journal of soil biology, 2016, 75:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.04.003 URL
[27]	YI B, ZHANG Q C, GU C, et al. Effects of different fertilization regimes on nitrogen and phosphorus losses by surface runoff and bacterial community in a vegetable soil[J]. Journal of soils and sediments, 2018, 18(11):3186-3196. doi: 10.1007/s11368-018-1991-6
[28]	ZHAO J, NI T, LI J, et al. Effects of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer application on crop yields, soil biological activity and bacterial community structure in a rice-wheat cropping system[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2016, 99:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.11.006 URL
[29]	ZHAI Z, HU Q, CHEN J, et al. Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and microbial agents on tobacco soil and tobacco agronomic traits[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science, 2020, 594:012023. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/594/1/012023
[30]	ADEGBIDI H G, BRIGGS R D, VOLK T A, et al. Effect of organic amendments and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on willow biomass production and soil chemical characteristics[J]. Biomass and bioenergy, 2003, 25(4):389-398. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00038-2 URL

处理	基肥	分蘖肥		穗肥（配方肥）	总施肥量
处理	基肥	尿素	氯化钾	穗肥（配方肥）	总计	纯N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK₁	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CK₂	配方肥30 (20:8:12)	15	12.5	10	30.4	14.9	3.2	12.3
C₁	配方肥15 (20:8:12)，商品有机肥1000	8.85	10.0	8	19.2	8.6	1.84	8.76
C₂	缓控肥30 (26:10:12)	6.75	5.67	10	24.9	12.9	4.0	8.0
C₃	缓控肥30 (27:13:10)	6.1	5.2	10	24.9	12.9	3.8	8.2
C₄	有机缓控肥50 (15:4:6)	7.4	8.3	10	24.9	12.9	2.8	9.2
C₅	缓控肥30 (20:7:18)	10.65	4.17	10	24.9	12.9	3.8	8.2
C₆	缓控肥30 (22:8:15)	10.65	4.2	10	24.9	13.5	3.2	8.2

处理	基肥	分蘖肥		穗肥（配方肥）	总施肥量
处理	基肥	尿素	氯化钾	穗肥（配方肥）	总计	纯N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK₁	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CK₂	配方肥30 (20:8:12)	15	12.5	10	30.4	14.9	3.2	12.3
C₁	配方肥15 (20:8:12)，商品有机肥1000	8.85	10.0	8	19.2	8.6	1.84	8.76
C₂	缓控肥30 (26:10:12)	6.75	5.67	10	24.9	12.9	4.0	8.0
C₃	缓控肥30 (27:13:10)	6.1	5.2	10	24.9	12.9	3.8	8.2
C₄	有机缓控肥50 (15:4:6)	7.4	8.3	10	24.9	12.9	2.8	9.2
C₅	缓控肥30 (20:7:18)	10.65	4.17	10	24.9	12.9	3.8	8.2
C₆	缓控肥30 (22:8:15)	10.65	4.2	10	24.9	13.5	3.2	8.2

处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	缓效钾/(mg/kg)	铵态氮/(mg/kg)
CK₁	5.68±0.28a	20.75±1.04c	158.8±7.94e	2.60±0.13f	28.98±1.45e	458.04±22.90b	56.73±5.47bc
CK₂	5.46±0.27ab	22.64±1.13c	169.1±8.45de	16.22±0.81d	32.28±11.61de	466.16±23.31b	67.72±0.80ab
C₁	5.28±0.26ab	28.65±1.43b	247.1±12.36ab	28.33±1.42b	36.12±1.81c	452.31±22.62b	72.45±6.69a
C₂	5.09±0.25b	31.66±1.58a	194.3±9.71c	35.66±1.78a	43.06±2.15b	517.87±25.89a	35.95±3.85de
C₃	5.22±0.26ab	30.16±1.51ab	240.8±12.04b	26.89±1.34ab	41.16±2.06b	467.16±23.36b	24.60±4.76e
C₄	5.10±0.26ab	30.91±1.55ab	186.6±9.33cd	26.00±1.30c	34.06±1.70cd	432.92±21.65b	58.81±6.15ab
C₅	5.22±0.26ab	30.85±1.54ab	263.2±13.16a	11.30±0.57b	32.28±1.61de	440.45±22.02b	44.29±6.35cd
C₆	5.13±0.26ab	32.51±1.63a	182.0±9.10cd	16.24±0.81d	46.99±2.35a	451.05±22.55b	9.56±0.44f

处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	缓效钾/(mg/kg)	铵态氮/(mg/kg)
CK₁	5.68±0.28a	20.75±1.04c	158.8±7.94e	2.60±0.13f	28.98±1.45e	458.04±22.90b	56.73±5.47bc
CK₂	5.46±0.27ab	22.64±1.13c	169.1±8.45de	16.22±0.81d	32.28±11.61de	466.16±23.31b	67.72±0.80ab
C₁	5.28±0.26ab	28.65±1.43b	247.1±12.36ab	28.33±1.42b	36.12±1.81c	452.31±22.62b	72.45±6.69a
C₂	5.09±0.25b	31.66±1.58a	194.3±9.71c	35.66±1.78a	43.06±2.15b	517.87±25.89a	35.95±3.85de
C₃	5.22±0.26ab	30.16±1.51ab	240.8±12.04b	26.89±1.34ab	41.16±2.06b	467.16±23.36b	24.60±4.76e
C₄	5.10±0.26ab	30.91±1.55ab	186.6±9.33cd	26.00±1.30c	34.06±1.70cd	432.92±21.65b	58.81±6.15ab
C₅	5.22±0.26ab	30.85±1.54ab	263.2±13.16a	11.30±0.57b	32.28±1.61de	440.45±22.02b	44.29±6.35cd
C₆	5.13±0.26ab	32.51±1.63a	182.0±9.10cd	16.24±0.81d	46.99±2.35a	451.05±22.55b	9.56±0.44f

处理	脲酶/[mg/(g·h)]	蛋白酶/[μg/(g·h)]	磷酸酶/[μg/(g·h)]	脱氢酶/[μg/(g·h)]
CK₁	0.03±0.001d	245.05±12.25e	19.18±0.96cd	12.99±0.65d
CK₂	0.04±0.002d	422.48±21.12d	36.98±1.85a	20.93±1.05b
C₁	0.11±0.006a	904.34±45.22b	34.41±1.72a	25.36±1.27a
C₂	0.02±0.001e	1069.12±53.46a	35.44±1.77a	13.47±0.67d
C₃	0.06±0.003c	1146.42±57.32a	16.88±0.84d	15.91±0.80c
C₄	0.08±0.004b	1092.22±54.61a	20.16±1.01c	20.39±1.02b
C₅	0.07±0.003c	782.88±39.14c	28.05±1.40b	19.68±0.98b
C₆	0.06±0.003c	403.06±20.15d	37.10±1.86a	12.90±0.64d