Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH4 and N2O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0760

Abstract

Abstract:

One of the main characteristics of climate warming is that the nighttime warming is larger than the daytime warming. The effect of nighttime warming, silicate application or biochar addition on the production of single crop (rice or wheat) was available, but the coupled effects of the three factors on the emission intensity of CH₄ and N₂O in rice-wheat rotation field were still unclear. A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar with silicate supply on the yield of rice and wheat, CH₄ and N₂O emission under nighttime warming. An orthogonal experimental design with three-factor and three-level was adopted in this study. The rice and wheat canopy was covered with aluminum foil to simulate nighttime warming (19:00—6:00). Nighttime warming was set at 3 levels, i.e. W0 (ambient temperature, control), W1 (covered with 5 mm aluminum foil film) and W2 (covered with 11 mm aluminum foil film); biochar was amended at 3 levels, i.e. B0 (control), B1 (10 t/hm² biochar) and B2 (25 t/hm² biochar); silicate fertilizer was added at 3 levels, i.e. control (Si0), Si1 (steel slag powder at 0.2 t SiO₂/hm²) and Si2 (mineral powder at 0.2 t SiO₂/hm²). The results showed that the yield of rice and wheat decreased under nighttime warming, but obviously increased with biochar amendment. Nighttime warming, applying mineral powder and biochar inhibited the cumulative emission of CH₄, and reduced the total warming potential (SGWP) and greenhouse gases (CH₄ and N₂O) intensity (GHGI) in rice-wheat field. The rice production contributed more to the SGWP than wheat production, and CH₄emission played a dominant role in the SGWP. Effects of the three factors on the SGWP and the GHGI in rice field were in the sequence of B>Si>W, and in the order of Si>B>W in wheat field. This study suggested that applying 0.2 t/hm² mineral powder and 25 t/hm² biochar were the best treatment (factor combination) to stabilize rice and wheat production, and simultaneously reduced the emission of CH₄ and N₂O under nighttime warming.

Key words: nighttime warming, biochar, silicate, rice-wheat rotation, GHGI

ZHU Mengquan, LOU Yunsheng, DU Zeyun, GAO Anni, PAN Defeng, GUO Junhong. Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH₄ and N₂O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(26): 98-108.

Figures/Tables 15

References 55

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处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
W0B0Si0	12.29	2.36
W0B1Si1	14.96	7.10
W0B2Si2	10.60	9.16
W1B0Si1	5.51	4.96
W1B1Si2	14.11	4.12
W1B2Si0	19.20	5.88
W2B0Si2	12.74	2.75
W2B1Si0	9.54	5.82
W2B2Si1	14.07	4.70

处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
W0B0Si0	12.29	2.36
W0B1Si1	14.96	7.10
W0B2Si2	10.60	9.16
W1B0Si1	5.51	4.96
W1B1Si2	14.11	4.12
W1B2Si0	19.20	5.88
W2B0Si2	12.74	2.75
W2B1Si0	9.54	5.82
W2B2Si1	14.07	4.70

处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
夜间增温 W	0.01	1.39
施生物炭 B	13.38	46.29^*
施硅肥 Si	0.09	1.10

处理	水稻产量	小麦产量
夜间增温 W	0.01	1.39
施生物炭 B	13.38	46.29^*
施硅肥 Si	0.09	1.10

类别	处理	分蘖期		拔节—孕穗期		抽穗—扬花期		灌浆—成熟期		全生育期
类别	处理	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/(mg/m²)
水稻	W0B0Si0	12727.74	45.61	609.77	2.19	11592.09	41.54	2977.55	10.67	20907.15
	W0B1Si1	6110.26	22.73	1331.01	4.95	12031.28	44.77	7403.53	27.55	26876.08
	W0B2Si2	3276.83	29.37	-28.99	-0.26	4113.35	36.86	3797.73	34.03	11158.91
	W1B0Si1	5983.17	23.72	2244.28	8.90	12407.80	49.19	4587.04	18.19	25222.30
	W1B1Si2	2532.96	59.60	-166.80	-3.92	1499.68	35.29	383.98	9.04	4249.82
	W1B2Si0	4599.14	15.94	1149.57	3.98	12739.41	44.16	10361.79	35.92	28849.91
	W2B0Si2	6976.05	20.21	1872.78	5.42	9901.47	28.68	15774.92	45.69	34525.22
	W2B1Si0	2449.99	18.83	-98.86	-0.76	6285.48	48.30	4376.02	33.63	13012.63
	W2B2Si1	-674.32	-61.82	979.63	89.81	-37.63	-3.45	823.11	75.46	1090.80
小麦	W0B0Si0	/	/	-1759.50	-1185.68	-506.38	-341.24	2414.28	1626.91	148.40
	W0B1Si1	/	/	-35.51	-0.51	339.84	4.88	6665.29	95.63	6969.61
	W0B2Si2	/	/	-2142.73	39.40	-365.68	6.72	-2929.99	53.88	-5438.40
	W1B0Si1	/	/	-1850.31	-55.50	-142.64	-4.28	5326.60	159.78	3333.66
	W1B1Si2	/	/	611.94	2107.87	62.98	216.94	-645.89	-2224.81	29.03
	W1B2Si0	/	/	-1279.98	-111.15	-623.45	-54.14	3055.00	265.29	1151.57
	W2B0Si2	/	/	674.11	58.59	130.85	11.37	345.49	30.03	1150.45
	W2B1Si0	/	/	-2124.72	110.53	213.10	-11.09	-10.74	0.56	-1922.36
	W2B2Si1	/	/	-84.42	-3.46	-268.54	-10.99	2795.76	114.45	2442.80

Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH₄ and N₂O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming

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类别	因素	分蘖期	拔节—孕穗期	抽穗—扬花期	灌浆—成熟期	全生育期
水稻	夜间增温 W	5.20	0.19	0.35	0.06	0.92
	施生物炭 B	21.53*	1.52	0.71	0.15	0.56
	施硅肥 Si	2.25	1.18	0.49	0.06	0.88
小麦	夜间增温 W	/	0.16	1.98	0.74	0.06
	施生物炭 B	/	0.11	17.55	0.70	0.34
	施硅肥 Si	/	0.55	2.53	5.18	1.81

类别	因素	分蘖期	拔节—孕穗期	抽穗—扬花期	灌浆—成熟期	全生育期
水稻	夜间增温W	0.47	0.85	0.33	3.85	7.70
	施生物炭B	0.05	4.69	0.02	4.11	25.29*
	施硅肥Si	0.41	2.27	0.35	0.68	14.46
小麦	夜间增温W	/	0.85	1.55	0.01	0.75
	施生物炭B	/	0.17	1.19	0.74	2.43
	施硅肥Si	/	0.24	1.90	2.22	3.79

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类别	处理	分蘖期		拔节—孕穗期		抽穗—扬花期		灌浆—成熟期		全生育期
类别	处理	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)
水稻	W0B0Si0	598.01	60.53	61.64	6.24	503.49	50.96	-175.18	-17.73	987.95
	W0B1Si1	-280.43	-18.93	56.04	3.78	934.37	63.06	771.82	52.09	1481.80
	W0B2Si2	158.02	-24.51	-184.90	28.68	-658.47	102.12	40.55	-6.29	-644.80
	W1B0Si1	1252.67	279.47	-89.48	-19.96	-509.61	-113.69	-205.36	-45.82	448.23
	W1B1Si2	640.75	114.33	71.61	12.78	-210.46	-37.55	58.56	10.45	560.45
	W1B2Si0	443.34	227.00	-4.75	-2.43	284.73	145.79	-528.02	-270.36	195.30
	W2B0Si2	-521.25	-109.53	0.81	0.17	403.47	84.78	592.85	124.58	475.88
	W2B1Si0	1084.83	56.86	159.49	8.36	32.90	1.72	630.58	33.05	1907.80
	W2B2Si1	259.27	27.27	-23.33	-0.02	734.05	0.77	-19.40	-0.02	950.59
小麦	W0B0Si0	/	/	1735.05	49.59	397.76	11.37	1366.14	39.04	3498.95
	W0B1Si1	/	/	1055.17	31.98	692.84	21.00	1551.63	47.02	3299.64
	W0B2Si2	/	/	608.03	30.53	329.45	16.54	1053.96	52.92	1991.44
	W1B0Si1	/	/	-528.33	-76.88	623.07	90.67	592.45	86.21	687.19
	W1B1Si2	/	/	91.38	-67.12	218.37	-160.38	-445.90	327.50	-136.15
	W1B2Si0	/	/	-249.99	-4.88	1533.89	29.97	3834.50	74.92	5118.40
	W2B0Si2	/	/	-350.96	-108.09	29.31	9.03	646.33	199.07	324.68
	W2B1Si0	/	/	-589.20	-32.89	331.43	18.50	2049.38	114.39	1791.61
	W2B2Si1	/	/	1905.21	56.41	460.82	13.65	1011.18	29.94	3377.21

类别	处理	分蘖期		拔节—孕穗期		抽穗—扬花期		灌浆—成熟期		全生育期
类别	处理	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)	占比/ %	排放量/ (mg/m²)
水稻	W0B0Si0	598.01	60.53	61.64	6.24	503.49	50.96	-175.18	-17.73	987.95
	W0B1Si1	-280.43	-18.93	56.04	3.78	934.37	63.06	771.82	52.09	1481.80
	W0B2Si2	158.02	-24.51	-184.90	28.68	-658.47	102.12	40.55	-6.29	-644.80
	W1B0Si1	1252.67	279.47	-89.48	-19.96	-509.61	-113.69	-205.36	-45.82	448.23
	W1B1Si2	640.75	114.33	71.61	12.78	-210.46	-37.55	58.56	10.45	560.45
	W1B2Si0	443.34	227.00	-4.75	-2.43	284.73	145.79	-528.02	-270.36	195.30
	W2B0Si2	-521.25	-109.53	0.81	0.17	403.47	84.78	592.85	124.58	475.88
	W2B1Si0	1084.83	56.86	159.49	8.36	32.90	1.72	630.58	33.05	1907.80
	W2B2Si1	259.27	27.27	-23.33	-0.02	734.05	0.77	-19.40	-0.02	950.59
小麦	W0B0Si0	/	/	1735.05	49.59	397.76	11.37	1366.14	39.04	3498.95
	W0B1Si1	/	/	1055.17	31.98	692.84	21.00	1551.63	47.02	3299.64
	W0B2Si2	/	/	608.03	30.53	329.45	16.54	1053.96	52.92	1991.44
	W1B0Si1	/	/	-528.33	-76.88	623.07	90.67	592.45	86.21	687.19
	W1B1Si2	/	/	91.38	-67.12	218.37	-160.38	-445.90	327.50	-136.15
	W1B2Si0	/	/	-249.99	-4.88	1533.89	29.97	3834.50	74.92	5118.40
	W2B0Si2	/	/	-350.96	-108.09	29.31	9.03	646.33	199.07	324.68
	W2B1Si0	/	/	-589.20	-32.89	331.43	18.50	2049.38	114.39	1791.61
	W2B2Si1	/	/	1905.21	56.41	460.82	13.65	1011.18	29.94	3377.21