Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.26 Published:15 September 2023

  Different Planting Densities of Silage Maize: A Comparative Experiment GAO Wenhui, YANG Liu, ZHAO Lini, ZHANG Honghong, REN Bo, DING Yuguo, LI Xinchun 2023, 39 (26):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0761 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 88 ) In order to screen out the suitable planting density for two grain and forage silage maize varieties, ‘Jingang silage 50’and ‘Tieyan 53’, in Yuyang District, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, 4 planting densities of 52500, 60000, 67500 and 75000 plants per hm2 were set in this experiment for the two varieties respectively. The agronomic characters, yield, nutrient content, ratio of leaf weight and ratio of panicle weight of each variety under different densities were compared. The results showed that, with the increase of the planting density, the total grass yield and total nutrient content of the two varieties showed an increasing trend, and reached the highest value at 75000 plants per hm2. Therefore, the suitable planting density is 75000 plants per hm2.

  Soybean Germplasm Resources at Germination: Salt Tolerance Evaluation and Mechanism Analysis WANG Meng, LIU Wenjun, LU Xueli, CHEN Qingshan, YANG Mingliang, LV Bo, XU Zongchang 2023, 39 (26):  8-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0834 Abstract + ( 113 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1812KB )   ( 61 ) In order to select salt-tolerant soybean germplasm as the foundation for salt-tolerance breeding, 52 soybean genotypes were exposed to 0.4% of NaCl and 0.8% of NaCl, and the germination indices and some seedling stage indices were investigated for salt tolerance. The results showed that the germination potential, germination rate, hypocotyl length and diameter of the population were decreased significantly under 0.8% of NaCl treatment, compared with the control and 0.4% of NaCl treatment, but there were significant differences among individuals in the population. Salt-intolerant soybean germplasm had significantly lower chlorophyll content and leaf relative water content under 0.4% and 0.8% of NaCl stress than salt-tolerant soybean germplasm. The ability of holding Na+ in the roots in salt-intolerant germplasm was decreased under 0.8% of NaCl stress, while Na+ contents in the stems were higher than that of salt-tolerant germplasm. A total of 18 salt-tolerant soybean germplasm materials, 23 intermediate soybean germplasm materials and 11 salt-intolerant soybean germplasm materials were screened by membership function method.

  Effects of Pruning and Topping on Fresh Yield and Yield Components of Different Faba Bean Varieties ZHONG Xiaojuan, YANG Mei, LI Xin, WANG Hua, XIAN Dongfeng, WANG Xianshu, FAN Yuanfang, XIANG Chao 2023, 39 (26):  17-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0280 Abstract + ( 330 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 28 ) This study aimed to explore the effect of different pruning and topping methods on agronomic characters and yield of different faba bean varieties, and summarize the optimum pruning and topping methods of different varieties. ‘Chenghu 10’, ‘Chenghu 18’, ‘Chenghu 19’ and ‘Chenghu 25’ were used as materials, and four pruning and topping treatments including pruning and topping, removal of main stem, removal of invalid branches and topping were set up for each faba bean variety to analyze the effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits and yield components of different faba bean varieties. The results showed that among different treatments, the topping treatment can effectively control plant height. The average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 10’ were increased by 20.9% and 25.7%, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of the control under the topping treatment. Under the treatment of removal of main stem, the average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 19’ increased by 61.2% and 35.5%, both of which were significantly higher than that of the control. Each pruning and topping treatment had no significant effect on yield-related traits and fresh yield of ‘Chenghu 18’. Topping treatment could improve the 100-grain weight and seed emergence rate of ‘Chenghu 25’. In summary, the effect of pruning and topping on fresh yield of faba bean varies among different faba bean varieties, as well as among different pruning and topping methods. Different pruning and topping methods can be selectively adopted to improve some yield-related characters among different special varieties in order to obtain higher economic benefits.

  Optimization of Fermentation Technology and Quality of L- Lactic Acid Cucumber HE Mingyi, HUANG Mengmeng, LIU Yueyi, LING Hongzhi, GE Jingping 2023, 39 (26):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0765 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 21 ) Optimizing the fermentation process of pickled cucumber is an important means to improve its fermentation quality, and promote the industrial production of pickled cucumber. The fermentation process parameters of Lactobacillus paracasei HD 1.7 pickled cucumber were optimized by single factor fermentation condition optimization and orthogonal experimental design. The contents of reducing sugar, protein, amino nitrogen and nitrite in the fermentation process of pickled cucumber were determined to explore the quality of pickled cucumber. The results showed that, when the salt concentration was 4%, inoculum amount was 1%, fermentation temperature was 18℃ and fermentation time was 3 days, the quality of the fermented pickled cucumbers was the best, and the quality of fermented pickles with bacteria was better than that of naturally fermented pickles. At the beginning of fermentation, the reducing sugar content of HD 1.7 pickled cucumber increased by 23% (0.87 g/100 g), the protein residue decreased by 2.3% (0.01 g/100 g), the amino nitrogen residue increased by 30% (0.01 g/100 mL), and the nitrite content was reduced by 18%. Therefore, the addition of L. paracasei HD 1.7 has an impact on the physicochemical properties of pickled cucumbers during fermentation, which can improve the quality and flavor of pickled cucumbers and shorten the production cycle.

  The Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Mannanase Gene in Lactobacillus casei HDS-01 NING Yingying, ZHANG Xin, ZHAO Dan 2023, 39 (26):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0165 Abstract + ( 109 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2740KB )   ( 20 ) The purpose of this study was to explore the structure and function of mannanase gene by gene cloning and bioinformatics. The mannanase gene M1 was obtained from genome of Lactobacillus casei HDS-01 through local BLAST. The differential expression of M1 in MRS medium and KGM medium was determined by qRT-PCR, indicating that Konjac powder in KGM medium was better in inducing M1 expression. Gene M1 was cloned from genomic DNA of L. casei HDS-01, and its sequence was predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics method. The sequence was 2640 bp and could be translated into 879 amino acids, including a 2640 bp open reading frame. The molecular weight of M1 protein was 98723.55 Da and the isoelectric point was 5.58. The secondary structure of the stable M1 protein consisted of α-helix, β-folding, β-turning and random curling. The results not only provide theoretical basis for the molecular modification of mannanase, but also help to understand the metabolic pathway of mannan in lactic acid bacteria.

  The Development Context and Prospect of Forestry Carbon Sink in the New Century --Visual Analysis Based on the CiteSpace WU Hongjun, SHI Hongqing, WANG Jiawei, LIAO Wenmei 2023, 39 (26):  41-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0378 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2643KB )   ( 21 ) The study aims to further clarify the research hotspots and evolution trend in the field of forestry carbon sink in China, and enable the forestry carbon sink to vigorously promote the implementation of rural ecological revitalization strategy, so as to achieve the goal of "double carbon". With the help of CiteSpace software, this paper reviews and sorts out 589 forestry carbon sink literatures collected by CSSCI and Peking University since 2000. The results show that: first, from the overall trend, the study of domestic forestry carbon sink has experienced four stages. The annual number of articles shows a change trend of first growth and then wave fluctuation, and peaked in 2011; second, the cooperation network between the published authors is relatively strong, and has already formed a core group of authors. The cooperation network between the core publishing agencies is weak; third, the focus of forestry carbon sink has gradually increased from a single forest ecosystem to ecological products, carbon sink finance, forestry carbon sink project development and trading, and even the macro level of rural ecological revitalization strategy, as well as carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Based on this, the future research of forestry carbon sink should strengthen interdisciplinary research and academic cooperation, pay attention to the research of carbon sink finance and carbon trading market, and focus on the implementation path research of forestry carbon sink, so as to provide theoretical reference for achieving higher goals.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility of Arable Land in Gangcha County Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis LI Minjun, DU Jian 2023, 39 (26):  51-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0045 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 29 ) The study aims to clarify the comprehensive soil fertility index and soil nutrient characteristics in Gangcha County, so as to lay the foundation for improving the quality of arable land according to local conditions, improving soil fertilizer utilization rate of arable land in Gangcha County, applying fertilizer rationally and realizing precision agriculture. The soil fertility of arable land in Gangcha County, Qinghai Province was studied, and 19 indices were measured by field sampling and soil sample testing according to the current valid standards such as NY/T 1121. Principal component analysis and hierarchical analysis were combined, and the fuzzy integrated evaluation method was applied to evaluate the fertility of arable soils. The results showed that the soil fertility level of arable land in Gangcha County was divided into 5 levels, among which the proportion of arable land evaluated as level 1-3 was 3.45%, 24.46% and 18.95%, respectively, the level 4 was 46.60%, and the level 5 was 6.55%. Among the massive elements, the average values of eight indicators (organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) were 25.19 g/kg, 99.85 mg/kg, 13.69 mg/kg, 47.87 mg/kg, 717.82 mg/kg, 1.97 g/kg, 1.09 g/kg, and 22.22 g/kg. The average values of the eight indicators (effective molybdenum, effective sulfur, effective silicon, effective iron, effective manganese, effective boron, effective zinc and effective copper) in the medium and trace elements were 0.03, 45.21, 99.09, 5.52, 2.00, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.88 mg/kg. The proportion of arable land evaluated as grade 4 was the highest, the arable land evaluated as grade 1-3 was mainly distributed in Hargai Town, the grade 4 was mainly distributed in Qinghai Lake Farm; the grade 5 accounted for more in Huangyuquan Farm and Yikeulan Township. The average values of organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, effective iron and effective molybdenum were higher in the arable land evaluated as grade 1, the average value of total potassium was higher in the grade 2, the average value of effective zinc content was higher in the grade 3, the average value of available phosphorus, effective molybdenum, effective boron and effective copper content were higher in the grade 4, the average value of slowly available potassium, effective sulfur and effective silicon content were higher in the grade 5.

  Research Progress on the Effects of Biochar on Soil Microorganisms LIU Jinling, ZHANG Yaru, WANG Yuguang, GENG Gui 2023, 39 (26):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0204 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1069KB )   ( 62 ) The application of biochar changes the physical chemicals properties of soil and stimulates the activity of soil microorganisms, thus affecting soil quality and plant growth. By studying the effects of biochar on soil microorganisms, we can better understand the importance of interaction between biochar, soil and plants. However, biochar has more research on soil properties, but less on soil microorganisms. In this review, the main aspects are related to: (1) the effects of the biochar application on soil physicochemical properties; (2) the effects of biochar application on soil microbial growth; (3) the effects of biochar application on soil microbial community diversity; and (4) the effects of biochar application on soil microbial enzyme activity, microbial activity and ecological functions. The whole paper mainly describes the research progress of biochar on soil microorganisms, and predicts its application prospects, which could lay the foundation for the construction and development of farmland ecosystems in China.

  Effects of Different Manures on Red Soil Productivity in Yunnan Plateau LIU Jianxiang, GUO Yunzhou, DU Dongying, ZHANG Qinbin, LI Congping 2023, 39 (26):  67-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0779 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 30 ) To compare the effects of different manures on the physicochemical properties of red soil and maize yield, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving red soil productivity in Yunnan Plateau. A site-specific field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Qujing, Yunnan. The experiment was designed for five treatments, namely winter fallow cropland-maize (CK), winter fallow cropland-maize under applying decomposed farmyard manure (FM), planting radish and ploughing in its fresh grass-maize (R), planting vetch and ploughing in its fresh grass-maize (V), winter fallow cropland-maize under maize straw turnover (MS). Each year soil samples from 0-20 cm underground were collected to test its physical and chemical properties after harvesting maize and measure its yield for each treatment. The results showed that compared with CK, R, MS, FM and V increased the organic matter content by 3.92%-14.03%, and increased the content of rapidly available potassium by 6.64%-76.63%, while the bulk density reduced by 6.22%-10.50%. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 0.70%-24.18% for treatments of R, FM and V while it reduced by 0.31% for MS treatment. The content of available phosphorus increased 43.74% for the FM treatment while available phosphorus content reduced by 2.73%-8.20% for treatments of MS, V, R. Maize yield increased 217, 377, 537 kg/hm2 for treatments of MS, V and FM, respectively, but reduced 474 kg/hm2 for treatment R. The maize yield of FM, V was significantly higher than that of treatment R. Different manures could increase the content of organic matter and rapidly available potassium and reduce the bulk density of red soil. FM and V increased obviously the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and there was no significant change for the treatment of MS and R. FM notably increased content of available phosphorus, but MS, V and R consumed soil available phosphorus at different levels. FM increased the most maize yield and the most content of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium. V increased the most content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and more maize yield and decreased the most bulk density. R increased the least of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and rapidly available potassium and reduced more bulk density, and harvested lower maize yield.

  Effects of Returning Cotton Straw and Biochar to Cotton Field on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Water-nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Cotton YANG Maoqi, GUO Xiaowen, ZHOU Yongxue, GUO Huijuan, MIN Wei 2023, 39 (26):  76-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0772 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 31 ) The effects of cotton straw and its biochar returning on soil physical and chemical properties, nitrate nitrogen leaching, and water-nitrogen utilization rate in cotton fields were studied to provid a theoretical basis for rational utilization of agricultural resources and improvement of soil fertility in arid areas. This study was carried out on the basis of two consecutive years (2019 to 2020) of cotton straw and its biochar returning to the field. There were four treatments in the experiments: no nitrogen (N0), nitrogen (N360), nitrogen application combined with cotton straw (N360ST) and nitrogen application combined with biochar (N360BC) treatments. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 360 kg/hm2, the amount of cotton straw was 6 t/hm2, and the amount of biochar was 3.7 t/hm2 (the equal amount of carbon as cotton straw). The results showed that compared with N0 treatment, N360, N360ST and N360BC treatments significantly increased soil porosity, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen leaching, cotton plant height, total biomass, nitrogen uptake, seed cotton yield and irrigation water utilization, respectively. However, the soil pH and water leaching amount significantly decreased. Compared with N360 treatment, N360ST and N360BC treatments significantly increased soil total carbon, available potassium, available phosphorus and carbon nitrogen ratio, respectively. Soil water and nitrate nitrogen leaching amount in N360ST treatment increased by 33.00% and 40.16% respectively compared with N360 treatment, while nitrate nitrogen leaching amount in N360BC treatment decreased by 40.06% compared with N360 treatment. Compared with N360 treatment, N360ST and N360BC treatment significantly increased cotton total biomass, nitrogen uptake and seed cotton yield. In addition, the irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of N360ST and N360BC treatments increased by 4.24%, 11.53% and 15.70%, 44.58%, respectively. Cotton straw and its biochar returning to the field changed the soil structure, significantly increased soil nutrients, reduced nitrate nitrogen leaching, and increased nitrogen uptake, thus increasing seed cotton yield and improving water and nitrogen use efficiency.

  Study on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Carbon Emission of Land Use in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2020 LIU Jianing, SUN Lina 2023, 39 (26):  86-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0809 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 22 ) The study of the spatial and temporal differentiation pattern of land use carbon emission is of great significance for guiding the regional realization of carbon neutral goals. Based on the remote sensing images and energy consumption data of Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2020, this paper analyzed the current situation of land use, the temporal and spatial pattern of carbon emissions and the risk of carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province by using the calculation model of land use carbon emissions and the calculation model of carbon emissions risk index, combined with the land use transfer matrix, ArcGIS spatial analysis and other methods. The results showed that the main land types in Heilongjiang Province were cultivated land and construction land, and the area increased year by year. Construction land was the main carbon source. Forest land, grassland and water area decreased year by year, and forest land was the most important carbon sink. From 1980 to 2020, the carbon emissions of land use in Heilongjiang Province increased in varying degrees. In terms of carbon sources, the total carbon sources showed a fluctuating upward trend; in terms of carbon sinks, the total carbon sinks decreased year by year. From 2000 to 2020, the total carbon emissions of each city increased to varying degrees, of which the growth rate was fast from 2000 to 2010, and slower from 2010 to 2020. From 2000 to 2020, the spatial difference of carbon emissions of each city was gradually significant, and the risk level increased year by year. Based on the relevant analysis results, this paper aims to provide reference for the low-carbon land use model and carbon emission reduction policy of Heilongjiang Province, and provide decision support for the realization of China’s “dual carbon” goal.

  Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH4 and N2O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming ZHU Mengquan, LOU Yunsheng, DU Zeyun, GAO Anni, PAN Defeng, GUO Junhong 2023, 39 (26):  98-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0760 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 24 ) One of the main characteristics of climate warming is that the nighttime warming is larger than the daytime warming. The effect of nighttime warming, silicate application or biochar addition on the production of single crop (rice or wheat) was available, but the coupled effects of the three factors on the emission intensity of CH4 and N2O in rice-wheat rotation field were still unclear. A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar with silicate supply on the yield of rice and wheat, CH4 and N2O emission under nighttime warming. An orthogonal experimental design with three-factor and three-level was adopted in this study. The rice and wheat canopy was covered with aluminum foil to simulate nighttime warming (19:00—6:00). Nighttime warming was set at 3 levels, i.e. W0 (ambient temperature, control), W1 (covered with 5 mm aluminum foil film) and W2 (covered with 11 mm aluminum foil film); biochar was amended at 3 levels, i.e. B0 (control), B1 (10 t/hm2 biochar) and B2 (25 t/hm2 biochar); silicate fertilizer was added at 3 levels, i.e. control (Si0), Si1 (steel slag powder at 0.2 t SiO2/hm2) and Si2 (mineral powder at 0.2 t SiO2/hm2). The results showed that the yield of rice and wheat decreased under nighttime warming, but obviously increased with biochar amendment. Nighttime warming, applying mineral powder and biochar inhibited the cumulative emission of CH4, and reduced the total warming potential (SGWP) and greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) intensity (GHGI) in rice-wheat field. The rice production contributed more to the SGWP than wheat production, and CH4 emission played a dominant role in the SGWP. Effects of the three factors on the SGWP and the GHGI in rice field were in the sequence of B>Si>W, and in the order of Si>B>W in wheat field. This study suggested that applying 0.2 t/hm2 mineral powder and 25 t/hm2 biochar were the best treatment (factor combination) to stabilize rice and wheat production, and simultaneously reduced the emission of CH4 and N2O under nighttime warming.

  Analysis of Residual and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Film in Vegetable Field XU Qiuyue, DONG Linlin, ZHOU Tianmei, LU Jing, ZHOU Xinwei, SHI Linlin, YU Yaochuang, LU Changying 2023, 39 (26):  109-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0777 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 32 ) To solve the problem of mulch film residual and recovery, and find out the causes and put forward the corresponding countermeasures in Taicang Town of Suzhou City, this study investigated and sampled field samples in 15 monitoring points of typical film mulching vegetable areas through field investigation, positioning point sampling, questionnaire survey and interviewed with key informant, and other means. The results showed that the average residual amount of mulch film in soil was 9.81 kg/hm2 before crop planting in 2021, and 9.55 kg/hm2 after planting. Overall, Taicang City belonged to a low pollution area, and the average amount of annual plastic film residue showed a downward trend. Through investigation and comprehensive analysis, it was found that the total amount of mulch film residual in soil was mainly affected by many factors such as plastic film mulching years, vegetable varieties, mulch film recycling methods, crop planting methods and much film quality, etc. The influences of planting method and recycling mode were greater than planting crop type on the residual amount of mulch film, which were considered to be the most important factors affecting the residual amount of mulch film. Recycling and reuse of mulch film can promote the healthy development of green sustainable agriculture, and the results of this study could provide a theoretical reference for the relevant departments.

  The Analysis of Temperature Variation and Its Effect on Agriculture in Qingxu County During 1960—2019 DUAN Xiaotong, WANG Yimei, DU Junjun, ZHANG Yujian, XI Bingtao 2023, 39 (26):  116-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0775 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 64 ) Studying the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of temperature in Qingxu County will provide reference for future meteorological services and climate change for agricultural production, and promote sustainable local economic development. Data of temperature and grain yield from 1960 to 2019 in Qingxu was selected and analyzed by the climate propensity rates, moving average calculations methods, Mann-Kendall trend tests and mutations. The results showed that: the annual average temperature in Qingxu was on the rise, and the trend rate of air temperature was 0.27℃/10 a. In the 1990s, there was an obvious line between the cold period and warm period. The interdecadal variation trend was “significant increase—steady—significant increase—gradual increase”, and there was an obvious catastrophe point in 1991. The average temperature in the four seasons also showed an upward trend, with a significant rise in spring. The interdecadal change showed a fluctuating warming trend. The average temperature in spring, autumn and winter had obvious mutation points, with the time of 1996, 1994 and 1980, respectively. The total annual grain output and the annual autumn grain yield were significantly correlated with the annual average temperature, but the annual summer grain yield was uncorrelated. Based on these, reasonable proposals for development and utilization of agricultural resources were put forward.

  The Quality of Isatidis Radix Response to Meteorological Condition in Different Harvesting Period CHEN Nong, YUAN Xiangling, YAN Minhui, ZHANG Youfang, ZHOU Xiujie, WANG Lei, WANG Rui, CHE Xingbo, WEI Lei 2023, 39 (26):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0271 Abstract + ( 154 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1345KB )   ( 59 ) Based on the data of daily temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration of Daqing in Heilongjiang Province in 2021, the methods of gray correlation analysis, SPSS mathematical statistical analysis, and PLS regression analysis were used, the chemical composition content of Isatidis Radix in different harvesting periods was analyzed. The effects of meteorological conditions on the chemical composition content of Isatidis Radix in different harvest periods were discussed. The results showed that temperature, precipitation and sunshine were important factors affecting the chemical composition content of Isatidis Radix. When the 10-day average minimum temperature was <10℃ and the 10-day average temperature was >10℃, content of (R,S)-epigoitrin was the highest, total nucleoside, uridine, guanosine and adenosine were relatively high and suitable for harvesting. When the 10-day cumulative precipitation was less than 25mm, the longer the 10-day cumulative sunshine hours, the more the content of (R,S)-epigoitrin, total nucleosides, guanosine, uridine and adenosine. Therefore, the results of the analysis indicated that the continuous sunny days were suitable for harvesting.

  Effects of Climate Change on Phenology of Lilac in Heilongjiang Province HAN Junjie, WANG Ping, SUN Shurong, LV Jiajia, LI Xiufen, JIANG Lixia 2023, 39 (26):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0293 Abstract + ( 113 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1494KB )   ( 65 ) Based on the phenological and meteorological observation data of lilac from 10 stations of Heilongjiang meteorological observation network and the average distribution of phenological period, the variation trend of each phenological period and the influence of meteorological factors on phenological period in the past 30 years were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for scientific assessment of the impact of climate change on ecosystem and eco-tourism planning. The results showed that there were significant interannual changes in the phenological stage of lilacs in spring, the earliest and the latest dates of inflorescence in bud expanding stage, bud opening stage and leaf spreading stage differed by 18-25 days, and the trend of year after 2010 was advanced year by year. The duration of flowering was 14 days on average, the shortest was 9 days, and the longest was 18 days. In the phenological period of autumn, the difference between the beginning and the end of deciduous leaves was 15 and 12 days, and some years fluctuated greatly. The length of deciduous period averaged 16 days. The phenological period of spring was mainly related to the climatic factors in October and December of the previous year and the February-April of the current year, and the temperature in March and April was significantly negatively related. The temperature changes in this period determined the advance or delay of the phenological period, while the influence of precipitation and sunshine was relatively small in each period. The defoliation period was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, but negatively correlated with sunshine. The results provide a basis for studying the ecological impact of regional climate change.

  Molecular Mechanism of Pacific Oyster Response to Ocean Acidification ——Based on Transcriptome Analysis LU Ziya, CHEN Xiaolin, HUANG Simin, DUAN Qianqian, PENG Boyan, XIAO Zijian, XIANG Zaiying, GUO Xiaomei, LIU Yaqi, LIN Siqing, TAN Karsoon, ZHANG Hongkuan, ZHENG Huaiping 2023, 39 (26):  137-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0785 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2440KB )   ( 33 ) The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of the response of Pacific oyster to ocean acidification through transcriptome analysis. In this study, the RNA-seq data (including pH 7.8, pH 7.4, pH 7.0 and pH 6.6 groups) of Pacific oyster under ocean acidification stress in NCBI were used to analyze the differential genes, GO and KEGG by Fastp, Hisat2, Samtools and R language analysis. The results showed that there were 61, 93 and 943 significantly differentially expressed genes in pH 7.4 vs pH 7.8, pH 7.0 vs pH 7.8 and pH 6.6 vs pH 7.8 groups. GO analysis of the significantly differentially expressed genes in pH 6.6 vs pH 7.8 group showed that these genes were significantly enriched in metabolism, genetic information processing, human disease and other molecular functions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and immune function. Expression analysis showed that with the decrease of pH, the amount of gene expression related to energy metabolism and immunity decreased significantly. For example, the expression of glycogen phosphorylase in saccharometabolism decreased from 41.5 to 0. The expression of arginine kinase 1 in amino acid metabolism decreased from 1438 to 0, and the expression of arginine kinase 2 decreased from 27 to 3. The expression of fatty acid synthetase in fat metabolism decreased from 28 to 2.5. The significant inhibition of these genes may lead to the disturbance of energy metabolism in oyster body. In addition, the expression of immune-related genes, such as CD151, decreased from 45 almost to 0, and was extremely significantly inhibited, which may alter osmotic pressure in oysters, lead to immune system disorders and reduce their ability to withstand changes in the external environment. In conclusion, ocean acidification is likely to lead to the disorder of metabolism and immune system of oyster body, and reduce the ability of Pacific oyster to resist environmental changes.

  Engineering Design and Performance Evaluation of Fish- Strawberry Aquaponics System GU Chuanchuan, XU Yanfei, GAO Xiating, ZHANG Haigeng 2023, 39 (26):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0733 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 32 ) In order to investigate the purification capacity of plants for aquaculture wastewater, the growth of fish and the application potential value of the Scortum barcoo and Fragaria orientalis aquaponics system, a Scortum barcoo and Fragaria orientalis aquaponics system was constructed by integrating recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and floating raft device, and key parameters was established according to the material balance principle. The experiment lasted for 69 days, and the results showed that the growth of fish was good, and the survival rate was 100% with the highest culture density of 13.01±1.36 kg/m3; and strawberry grew well with a total yield of 428.51±0.02 g. The average daily power consumption of the system was 12.49 kW·h. The results of water quality showed that ammonia nitrogen concentration was maintained at an average of 0.56±0.01 mg/L, nitrite nitrogen at an average of 0.175±0.019 mg/L, nitrate nitrogen at an average of 31.13±1.75 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen at an average of 7.38±0.61 mg/L. The average pH was pH 7.11± 0.58. The system ran stably and produced two kinds of economic products, providing technical support for the promotion of aquaponics system.

  Purification Effect and Water Quality Evaluation of Tail Water after Standardized Transformation of Different Ponds LIU Tingyan, WANG Xiaofei, AN Shuwei, GU Lingling, XU Jing, ZHENG Yao, XU Gangchun 2023, 39 (26):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0803 Abstract + ( 101 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 24 ) In order to explore the effect of water quality treatment of ponds after the standardized transformation based on tertiary purification technology, from April 2020 to March 2021, the tail water indicators of the Eriocheir sinensis and adult crab breeding pond (T1), the Litopenaeus vannamei breeding pond (T2), Lateolabrax japonicus breeding pond (T3) and the Ctenopharyngodon idella-Carassius auratus polyculture pond (T4) after the standardization reform in Suzhou area were tracked. Monitoring indicators included pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and water quality evaluation. The results showed that the removal rate of TN, TP, NH3-N, and CODMn by the treatment system during the monitoring period was -61.78%-22.04%, -85.57%-42.89%, -38.66%-33.72%, -13.44%-12.41%, respectively, the pH was relatively stable after treatment, and all indicators met the "Freshwater Pond Aquaculture Water Discharge Requirements" (SC/T 9101—2007) after three-stage purification treatment. During the monitoring period, the pollutants before T1~T4 treatment were mainly NH3-N, TP, TP, TN, and the weight values were 0.3096, 0.2810, 0.3241, 0.2961. After treatment, the pollutants were mainly NH3-N, TN, TP, TP, with weight values of 0.3293, 0.3489, 0.2829, and 0.3405 respectively. According to the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, in winter, crab ponds water was converted from Class V to Class I; In summer and autumn, shrimp ponds water was changed from Class V to Class II; in spring, the sea bass pond water was changed from class V to class IV; in autumn and winter, the grass carp polyculture pond water was changed from class V to class III and class III to class I. This study shows that the culture tail water treatment system of the two filter dams and three purification areas has a good effect on the purification of tail water in crab ponds in winter, shrimp ponds in summer and autumn, sea bass ponds in spring and grass crucian polyculture ponds in autumn and winter in Suzhou.