Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.27 Published:25 September 2023

  Effects of Cultivation Density on Yield and Quality of Dry Seeding HUANG Xiaorong, CUN Jie, GUAN Junjiao, LI Xiaolin, LUO Jinchao, KUI Limei, WANG Chengran, GU Anyu, TAN Jing, ZHANG Jianhua 2023, 39 (27):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0798 Abstract + ( 133 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 60 ) In order to clarify the effects of cultivation density on the growth characteristics, yield and quality of different types of rice cultivars under dry seeding conditions, the rice varieties suitable for dry seeding in Yanshan County and their suitable cultivation densities were screened out. Using the indica rice varieties: ‘Guang8you 1973’, ‘Huazheyou 261’, Japonica rice varieties: ‘Yunliangyou 502’, and‘Yunkejing 1’ as the test materials, four cultivation density levels were set and the dry seeding and dry management was used to conduct experiments in Yanshan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the effects of cultivation density on the growth characteristics, yield and quality of different types of rice varieties under dry seeding conditions were analyzed. The results showed that indica rice materials was advanced in the booting stage and the full heading stage under high density, and matured 1-3 days earlier than the low-density conditions, while the japonica rice material was the opposite. All four cultivars had the highest plant heights at B3 (1.08 million/hm2) density. The SPAD value of sword leaves of rice plants was less affected by the cultivation density, and with the increase of density, the second leaf first increased and then decreased, and the highest at the density of B2 (0.9 million /hm2), and the third leaf showed a downward trend. The leaf area index increased with the increase of rice density at full heading stage. The treatment combination with higher yields was A2B3 and A2B4, with the highest yield of the indica variety ‘Guang8you 1973’. All four cultivars had the highest yield at B4 (1.26 million/hm2) cultivation density, indicating that B3 density was conducive to rice plant growth and B4 density was more conducive to rice yield formation. The cultivation density is positively correlated with the effective panicle, but the number of grains per panicle is relatively low at high density, indicating that the effective panicle can be increased under the high density treatment, but it is not conducive to the cultivation of large panicles. The influence of cultivation density on the seed-setting rate of indica rice varieties was not obvious, and the seed-setting rate of japonica rice increased with the increase of cultivation density, and the weight of 1000 grains was less affected by the cultivation density. Among the four rice cultivars, the appearance quality of A1 decreased with the increase of density, and there was no obvious regularity in amylose content, the gel consistency and protein content between different densities, and the quality of rice of the remaining varieties was not significantly affected by cultivation density. Under the ecological conditions of this study, the indica rice variety ‘Guang8you 1973’ was selected to carry out rice dry seeding under the cultivation density of 1.08 million/hm2 to 1.26 million/hm2, and the group growth could be suitable for this ecological and environmental conditions and achieve high yield.

  Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Allocation Strategy and Utilization Efficiency of Barley under Different Nitrogen Levels WU Yueying, SU Yunwen, CHEN Chunyan, GUO Hui, CHE Fengyi, HU Xiaokang, WANG Tao 2023, 39 (27):  9-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0870 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 37 ) To explore the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization strategies of barley under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in the Erhai Lake watershed, and to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nutrient utilization and sustainable agriculture in the watershed, a field experiment was conducted in this study. Five N fertilizer treatments were set up in the field experiment, and two local barley varieties, ‘Yundamai 2’ and ‘S4’, were selected to examine the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization and yield formation at the flowering and mature stages. The results showed that dry matter accumulation and yield formation of barley at maturity were improved with increasing nitrogen application, and it was mainly due to the increase of grain number of per unit area, while the change in 1000-grain weight was not significant. Different applications of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on the P concentration in the organs of barley at anthesis and maturity, while the N concentration in the stems and leaves increased with increasing N application. From flowering to maturity, the accumulation of N and P in stems and leaves decreased significantly, while the accumulation of N and P in spikes increased significantly. The increase of N application could improve dry matter accumulation and yield formation in barley. Although the decrease of N and P accumulation in stems and leaves did not change significantly with the level of N application from flowering to maturity, the N and P accumulation in spikes significantly increased from flowering to maturity.

  Effects of Sowing Method and Fertilizing Amount on Photosynthetic Capacity, Yield, and Quality of Soybean QU Yang, MA Wen, WANG Kezhen, ZHU Fa, ZHANG Huafeng, YANG Hao, LIANG Fuqin 2023, 39 (27):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0808 Abstract + ( 83 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 33 ) To explore the regulatory effects of planting parameters on photosynthetic characteristic, soybean yield, and quality of soybean, this experiment took ‘Baodou 10’ as tested material, and set up 3 factors and 3 levels of row-ledge, plant density, and fertilizing amount with the orthogonal design to study the effects of plant parameters on photosynthetic characteristic, soybean yield and yield components, and seed quality. The result showed that average SPAD, Pn, WUE, IWUE, and CE from the growth stage increased with increase of row-ledge and fertilizer, and level 3 had more advantages than others. Seeds per plant and yield increased with the increase of row-ledge and fertilizing amount, and average seeds per plant of level 3 in tested seasons were 110.77 seeds and 100 seeds, which had a significant difference from level 1. The average yield of level 3 in tested seasons was 2874.3 kg/hm2 and 2984.25 kg/hm2. As plant density increased, average SPAD, Pn, WUE, IWUE, and CE in the growth stage decreased, and level 1 had more advantages than others. Seeds per plant and yield decreased when plant density increased, and the average seeds per plant and yield of level 1 in tested seasons were 99.17 seeds and 2874.75 kg/hm2, which had a significant difference from that of level 3. 100-seed weight, crude protein content, crude fat content, and hydrophilic protein content were not significantly affected by different treatments. Yield, yield components, and photosynthetic capacity in soybean were affected by row ledge, plant density, and fertilizing amount. Under the mechanization production background of soybean, wide row-ledge (60 cm), narrow planting distance (18.75×104 plants/hm2), and high seed fertilizer (300 kg/hm2) can effectively use light, temperature, and water resources in the west of Guanzhong areas and improve soybean yield.

  Breeding of ‘Yunshu 9801’: A New Edible Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato Variety with Early Maturity WANG Meng, XIE Xiaohong, XIE Hong’e, WANG Lingyun, LI Jianghui, WU Yuhao, ZHANG Hongxing 2023, 39 (27):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0927 Abstract + ( 94 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 33 ) The experiment aims at breeding a new sweet potato variety which is rich in carotene, early-maturity, fresh-eating and high-quality. The female parent, ‘Longshu 9’ with early maturity, high yield and wide adaptability, and the male parent, the mixed pollen from 18 domestic and foreign fine varieties including ‘Jinganshu 9’, ‘Jishu 25’, ‘Huangjinqianguan’ and so on, were selected for mass cross. After seeding and selecting the lines, a reselection test, a comparison test, and a regional test in Shanxi were conducted to evaluate the adaptability and the disease resistance identification. The new sweet potato ‘Yunshu 9801’ was bred. In provincial multi-location adaptability test, the average yield of fresh storage root was 48528.15 kg/hm2, which was 13.18% higher than that of the control variety ‘Jinganshu 9’. The dry matter and starch content of the root were 25.5% and 19%, respectively. The carotene content of fresh root was 4.41 mg/100g. The steamed root was sweet with good taste, which taste value was 88.7 scores. ‘Yunshu 9801’ was resistant to bacterial wilt, medium resistance to black rot and Fusarium bulbigenum. The special fresh-eating sweet potato variety ‘Yunshu 9801’ was characterized with high quality, high yield, wide adaptability, outstanding commodity value and good palatability, and conducive to promoting the production of sweet potato and improving the social and economic benefits of sweet potato cultivation. ‘Yunshu 9801’ was registered as a national non-major crop variety in 2020.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Leaf Number Interaction on Growth and Tobacco Quality of ‘CB-1’ in Nanping Tobacco District LIANG Guiguang, CHEN Keling, WEI Jianyu, HUANG Chongjun, JIN Yabo, ZHANG Jili, JIA Haijiang, FAN Sifeng, GUO Fangjun, LI Qinglong, RUAN Jiechong, ZHOU Zhaofeng 2023, 39 (27):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0866 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 24 ) To explore the effects of nitrogen application rate and leaf number on the growth and leaf quality of ‘CB-1’ in Nanping tobacco-growing area, a cultivation experiment was carried out to detect the agronomic traits, biomass accumulation, nitrogen content, physical characteristics and chemical composition of cured tobacco leaf. The results showed that the reduction of nitrogen application rate promoted the growth and development of tobacco plants, and increased leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and dry matter accumulation. Reducing nitrogen application rate decreased leaf nitrogen content, increased leaf reducing sugar content and total sugar content of B2F grade, reduced nicotine content and total nitrogen content, and finally improved the coordination of internal chemical composition of upper leaves. The leaf length, leaf width and leaf area decreased with the increase of the leaf number. Under the nitrogen application rate of 115 kg/hm2, with the increase of leaf number, the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of C3F grade increased first and then decreased, while the total sugar content increased, and the overall score of sensory quality increased. Under the nitrogen application rate of 98 kg/hm2, with the increase of leaf number, leaf nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation increased first and then decreased, leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, total vegetable base, total nitrogen and potassium contents of C3F grade decreased, but reducing sugar and total sugar contents increased. Comprehensive analysis showed that under the treatment of nitrogen application of 98 kg/hm2 and remaining 18 leaves, the leaf quality of ‘CB-1’ was better in Nanping area.

  The Response of the Main Functional Components of Red Raspberry Fruit and Leaves to Organic Fertilizer Application ZHANG Wei, CHANG Feiyang, ZHANG Peiyan, ZHANG Peifeng, ZHANG Xuemei 2023, 39 (27):  36-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0855 Abstract + ( 164 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1827KB )   ( 24 ) The paper aims to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer on the content of the main functional components of red raspberry. The content of total ellagic acid, salicylic acid, total sugars, anthocyanin and polyphenols in the fruits and leaves were determined by applying base fertilizer of sheep manure and organic fungal fertilizer to double-season red raspberry ‘Heritage’ at different developmental phase (fertilizer application rates of 30×103, 60×103 and 120×103 kg/hm2, denoted by Y2, Y4, Y8, J2, J4, J8 respectively). Radar plot analysis was used to evaluate the fertilizer type and amount. The results showed that: (1) the total ellagic acid content of fruits and leaves reached the highest under J4 and J8 treatments at the second flowering and first fruiting stage, with 4.76 and 22.61 mg/g,respectively, which increased by 29.72% and 172.50% compared to CK. (2) The salicylic acid content of fruits and leaves were significantly higher than all other treatments under Y4 and Y2 at the second flowering period and first fruiting period, respectively, at 51.28 and 460.30 μg/g. (3) The total sugar content of fruits and leaves reached the highest under Y8 and Y2 treatments at the second fruiting period and first fruiting period, which were 10.10% and 41.38%. (4) The content of anthocyanin in fruits and leaves reached the highest level of 12.74 and 1.16 mg/g under J2 and Y2 treatments at the second flowering and early fruiting stages, respectively. (5) Fruits and leaves polyphenols contents reached the highest under Y4 and J4 in the second flowering period, which were 7.04 and 27.46 mg/g, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of Radar chart showed that the highest comprehensive evaluation was achieved under Y2, J4, and J8 in the three resultant periods. The content of the main functional components in the fruits and leaves of red raspberry can be increased by the application of organic fertilizers. The J4 treatment was the best fertilization treatment, taking into account the actual cost requirements of production.

  Effects on Maize Stalk Fermentation: Straw Degrading Bacteria YANG Taoyang, SA Rula, YE Ruhan, YANG Hengshan, HAN Feng, WU Qingyun 2023, 39 (27):  45-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0603 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1208KB )   ( 26 ) In order to clarify the effect of straw-degrading strains on straw fermentation, the straw degradation strains screened from straw compost (a), compost (b), straw returning soil (c), sheep manure (d), and the main straw decomposing agent (E) in the production were used as the test materials, and compared with the sterilized distilled water (CK1), the corn straw was inoculated at 20℃ for fermentation. The physicochemical properties, straw maturity and microbial quantity of 45, 52, 59 days fermentation were determined, and the fermentation broth with good degradation effect was selected. The fermentation broth was diluted with soil extract, and the corn was cultured in the culture broth. The agronomic characters and physiological indexes of the seedlings were determined to study the process of straw fermentation. During the observation period of fermentation, the activity of filter paper enzyme and cellulase in treatment B was more stable, the content of nitrogen was higher, and had no effect on the germination rate of seeds, the seedling height, root length, root number, root-shoot ratio, root fresh weight, chlorophyll content, SOD and POD activities of roots were significantly increased. Inoculation of straw degradation strains could accelerate straw degradation and enhance stress resistance of maize seedlings.

  Study on Remediation of Acidic Cadmium Contaminated Soil by Lime and Organic Material ZHANG Yujia, LI Guanghui, CHEN Hong 2023, 39 (27):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0848 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 29 ) soil quality of arable land is the guarantee of agricultural products quality and safety. Taking the purple soil in Chongqing as the research object, this paper analyzed and discussed the influence of lime and organic materials on cadmium-contaminated soil and the transformation mechanism of soil Cd morphology through an indoor simulation test. The results showed that the application of remediation agents in the soil could enhance soil pH, OM content and CEC and transform Cd from an acid-extractable state to oxidizable, reducible, and residual states, thus reducing its activity. The effect of lime with organic material application on soil Cd passivation was better than that of lime alone treatment, in which the lime + oilcans treatment showed the best passivation effect with the highest reduction of 52.56% ineffective Cd content, the proportion of acid-extractable Cd dropped to 35%. The results showed that the number of bacterial communities was significantly and positively correlated with Cd activity, the Cd stress level set by the experiment had a stimulating effect on soil bacterial growth, and the bacterial growth curves of each treatment tended to converge after the application of the remediator, showing a consistent trend.

  Cadmium-tolerant Rhizosphere Growth-promoting Bacteria WYN5: Molecular Identification and Its Effects on Cadmium Enrichment in Ryegrass DU Dongxia, LI Yongmei, YU Mengyuan, WANG Zhen, XU Lijuan, WU Minxi 2023, 39 (27):  59-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0711 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 20 ) The aim is to provide excellent strain resources and technical support for plant-microbial joint remediation. The cadmium-tolerant strain WYN5 was selected as the test material to determine the growth promotion ability of the strain in vitro. The strain was identified by physiological and biochemical tests combined with morphology and phylogenetic analysis. In the hydroponic experiment, inoculated strain WYN5 could promote the increase of plant height, root length, dry weight of root, stem and leaf when the cadmium concentration was 0-10 mg/L. WYN5 treatments increased by 26.2%-28.0%, 15.0%-50.7%, 12.5%-66.7% and 10.5%-20.8%, respectively. Cadmium content in roots, stems and leaves of all treatments also showed an increasing trend. Compared with the control, cadmium concentration in roots of WYN5 treatment was increased by 25.1%-128.7%, and reached a significant level (P < 0.05). Cadmium concentration in stems and leaves was increased by 40.8%-64.9%. Inoculated strain WYN5 can promote the enrichment of cadmium in ryegrass and promote the transfer of cadmium from roots to stems and leaves, which has certain application potential in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by plant-microorganism combination.

  Status and Problems on Genesis and Classification Research of Rice-planting Soils in China ZHANG Mingkui, MA Wanzhu 2023, 39 (27):  67-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0802 Abstract + ( 75 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1059KB )   ( 49 ) Rice-planting soils are the most important agricultural soils in China. It is a group of soils with hydroponic maturation in which human beings have cultivated rice for a long time, and a specific soil profile structure has been formed. “Chinese Soil Classification System” and “Chinese Soil Taxonomy”, two current soil classification systems in China, regard rice-planting soil as an independent soil type, which is called paddy soils and stagnic anthrosols, respectively. This group of soils is gradually formed under periodic irrigation-drainage, fertilization, cultivation and rotation. Its main soil formation processes include periodic redox alternation and iron-manganese leaching, base leaching and base restoration actions, and strong fixation and accumulation of organic carbon. At present, the quantitative research on this group of soils has been gradually improved. There is a more in-depth understanding of its distribution law in geographical space and genetic characteristics affected by terrain and soil parent material. However, the mechanism of vertical differentiation of iron oxides in the soils, the setting of some soil subgroups, soil quantitative identification standards, field investigation and mapping technology and the evolution of soil types caused by the change in utilization mode need to be further studied.

  Effect of Biochar Amount on the Composition of Soil Aggregates and Degree of Saline-alkality with the Saline Water Irrigation ZHANG Yu, FENG Di, SUN Xiaoan, ZHANG Jingmin, ZHU Haiyan, WANG Zhihe, QI Na 2023, 39 (27):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0843 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1324KB )   ( 34 ) Three biochar treatments of 0 kg/m2, 3 kg/m2 and 5 kg/m2 were set as C0, C3 and C5 under a drip irrigation with salinized water (5.1 g/L) to determine their effects on the particle composition of soil aggregates and on the extent of soil saline-alkality in comparison with a treatment of fresh water and no biochar as the control (D0). With a continuous irrigation at the location for three years, the accumulation of mechanical soil aggregates with different sizes in the 20 cm deep soil, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were investigated. The results showed that: (1) compared with fresh water, salty one tended to reduce the size of large aggregates, indicating the ratio of particle/size at 5-10, 3-5 and 2-3 mm in the C0 treatment reduced by 10.12%, 19.06% and 5.78%, respectively, while that at 1-2, 0.5-1 and < 0.5 mm in the same treatment increased by 4.1%, 43.77% and 75.68%, respectively, in comparison with all those measurements in the D0 treatment; (2) application of biochar promoted the formation of large aggregates at the ratio of particle/size over 0.5 mm, and more large soil aggregates accumulated in the deep soil with more biochar added; (3) the different ratio of particle/sizes of soil aggregates was negatively correlated with the soil EC; (4) biochar application was beneficial to reduce the soil EC in the 0-20 cm deep soil, and the soil EC value of each treatment showed C0 > C5 > C3. In conclusion, the application of 3-5 kg/m2 biochar under the salted water irrigation could promote the formation of large soil aggregates >0.5 mm and reduce the soil salinity in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

  Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of 10℃ Critical Temperature Based on DEM in Heilongjiang Province ZHANG Jinfeng, CHEN Nong, YAN Minhui, XU Zhansheng, YANG Ning, GAO Ling, LV Xinlu 2023, 39 (27):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0816 Abstract + ( 99 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1649KB )   ( 37 ) Based on daily temperature data in Heilongjiang Province from 1991 to 2020, this study explored the temporal and spatial variations of the critical temperature of ≥10℃ at the beginning and the end of the day, as well as the parameter relationship and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics between the effective accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ and the longitude, latitude and altitude. The results showed that the correlation between the effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ and the latitude, longitude and altitude in Heilongjiang Province had reached a very significant level, and the effective accumulated temperature geographic calculation model had a good simulation effect. During the study period, the initial date of the critical temperature ≥10 ℃ was in advance, the trend of advance was mountainous>plain, and the final date was delayed, the trend of delay was plain>mountainous. The advance of the initial day and the delay of the final day were conducive to the accumulation of effective accumulated temperature; during the study period, the effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ showed an increasing trend, and its distribution showed obvious regional characteristics. In general, it gradually decreased from south to north, and gradually increased from mountains to plain.

  Plant Salt-exclusion Mechanism: A Review LI Xia, LIU Chuanxin, XU Bin, DONG Rongshu, HUAN Hengfu, HUANG Chunqiong, YAN Linling, WANG Wenqiang, YANG Hubiao, YU Daogeng, WANG Zhiyong, LIU Yiming 2023, 39 (27):  86-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0680 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 27 ) This paper aims to provide new ideas for exploring the internal mechanism of plant salt exclusion, screening of salt-exclusion plants and breeding of salt-exclusion crops. The authors review how plants cope with salt stress through salt-exclusion pathways such as tissue structure adaptation, signaling pathway and transporter gene regulation, clarify the key roles of casparian strip of endodermis, suberization of endodermis and exodermis of root, pericycle and xylem parenchyma in plant salt exclusion, and elucidate the species differences in tissue structure in plant salt exclusion. SOS pathway, NHX, HAK and HKT and other transporters play important regulatory roles in the process of plant salt exclusion. SOS pathway, NHX and HAK are ubiquitous in various types of root cells, mainly responsible for Na+ exclusion, transport and vacuole compartmentalization; HKT genes are mainly expressed in xylem parenchyma tissues, and it may play role of salt compartmentalization in xylem parenchyma.

  Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of ENOD93 Gene Family in Rice LI Guzi, LIU Qun’en, CHEN Daibo, YU Ping 2023, 39 (27):  95-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0624 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1647KB )   ( 20 ) The aim of this study was to provide reference for the functional study of early nodulation protein ENOD93 in non-legumes. In this study, bioinformatics method was used to identify rice ENOD93 gene family. The physical and chemical properties, chromosome location, gene structure, protein structure, expression spectrum and evolutionary relationship of the members were analyzed. The results showed that there were 7 members of rice ENOD93 gene family, which were distributed on chromosomes 2 and 6, and the gene structure was relatively simple. Moreover, most ENOD93 genes are highly similar in the distribution and arrangement of conserved domain and motif. The results of RNA-Seq data analysis showed that ENOD93 gene family was highly expressed in pistils, seeds and embryos, and the expression level of some gene was induced by stress. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of nine monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, 31 ENOD93 gene family members were divided into four distinct groups. The expression of ENOD93 gene in rice was different in different tissues and at different developmental stages, and some genes were induced by stress, suggesting that ENOD93gene family was involved in the development process of many plant tissues and played an important role in the response to stress.

  Cel61A Gene in Ceratocystis fimbriata: Cloning and Expression Analysis LUO Qinchuan, SUN Houjun, TANG Wei, XIE Yiping, YANG Dongjing, MA Jukui, CHEN Jingwei, GAO Fangyuan, ZHANG Chengling 2023, 39 (27):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0814 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1494KB )   ( 17 ) The aim was to clarify the expression pattern and the physicochemical characteristics of the encoded protein of polysaccharide monooxygenase gene (CfCel61A), a pathogenic gene of Ceratocystis fimbriata infecting sweet potato. Eleven strains from different regions were used as materials, CfCel61A was cloned, and the physicochemical properties of CfCel61A were determined by bioinformatics analysis software. The gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the coding region of CfCel61A was 1155 bp with a concordance rate of 99.5%-100%, and it encoded 384 amino acids with the concordance rate of 98.4%-100%. The predicted molecular weight was 34.49 kDa, the isoelectric point was 5.59, the hydrophilicity coefficient was -0.195，and it was a stable hydrophilic protein. There was a signal peptide at the N-terminal, and the subcellular localization was in the nucleus without transmembrane structure. There were 58 phosphorylation sites and 2 potential glycosylation sites. The irregular curl of protein secondary structure accounted for 69.01%, which was the highest. The expression of CfCel61A was significantly up-regulated during the infection of C. fimbriata, while the up-regulation ranges were varied at different stages of infection, and it reached the highest level at 12 h and 6 h after the infection in 'Nanjing 92' and 'Xushu 37', respectively. In short, CfCel61A in C. fimbriata may play an important role in the infection of sweet potato and the result will provide a new target for drug development.

  Analysis of BvHIPP24 Involved in Sugar Beet Response to Cadmium Stress HUANG Shuoqi, ZHAO Xiaoxin, ZHAI Yan, NI Yuanrong, LU Zhenqiang, LIU Dali 2023, 39 (27):  110-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0080 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1525KB )   ( 21 ) The aim was to explore the mechanism of heavy metal-related isoprenoid plant protein 24 (BvHIPP24) in sugar beet under cadmium stress. This study used bioinformatics methods to predict the cis-acting elements, transcription factors, and interacting proteins upstream of the gene, and analyzed their transcriptional expression characteristics under cadmium stress. The results showed that BvHIPP24 contained cis-acting elements related to CGTCA-motif, auxin response, light response, MYB binding, anaerobic induction, and salicylic acid response. Transcription factors such as BVRB_2g046790, BVRB_1g021800 and BVRB_6g128880 might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of BvHIPP24. The interaction proteins of BvHIPP24 mainly included SOD, NaKR1-like, COX1, MT2, NaKR3, REP1, RCA and LHCP, and etc., which might participate in ion transport and intracellular homeostasis by binding with heavy metal ions. Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that the transcriptional expression of BvHIPP24 and its interacting proteins were regulated by cadmium stress. Based on the above findings, BvHIPP24 was mainly expressed through the regulation of upstream transcription factors, and directly or indirectly mediated cadmium ion chelation and detoxification together with interacting proteins. This study provided a reference to further uncover the response mechanisms of sugar beets to cadmium stress.

  The Endophytic Bacterium HS8: Isolation of Secondary Metabolites Based on Flavonoids Biosynthesis QI Kexiang, GUAN Xin, YOU Mengyao, ZHANG He, WANG Yuqing, CHENG Li, ZHENG Chunying 2023, 39 (27):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0971 Abstract + ( 83 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1568KB )   ( 33 ) Based on the flavonoids biosynthesis, the secondary metabolites of endophytic bacterium HS8 from Astragalus membranaceus were studied to utilize endophytic fungi HS8 comprehensively. Endophytic bacterium HS8 from Astragalus membranaceus was chosen as the research object, the antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites of fermentation of HS8 were analyzed, and the flavonoids were separated from the endophytic bacteria HS8 fermentation broth by column chromatography. Endophytic bacterium HS8 was identified by the 16S rDNA sequence homology and their physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results showed that endophytic bacterium HS8 had good antioxidant activities. Under the guidance of HPLC analysis, formononetin and calycosin in the fermentation of endophytic bacterium HS8 were isolated by column chromatography methods, and the endophytic bacterium HS8 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. These results indicated that the endophytic bacterium HS8 from Astragalus astragalus could produce formononetin and calycosin, which was a flavonoids-producing strain.

  Effects of Hybridization on Growth and Development and Detoxification Metabolic Enzyme Activity of Plutella xylostella Progenies YIN Fei, GE Tiancheng, XIAO Yong, PENG Zhengke, LI Zhenyu 2023, 39 (27):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0815 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1217KB )   ( 28 ) The research aims to clarify the effect of hybridization between susceptible and resistant diamondback moth (DBM) on the growth, development and resistance of its progeny, and to explore new methods for the resistance management of DBM. In this study, the susceptible population hybridized with field resistant population of Plutella xylostella. The growth and development, sensitivity to pesticides and detoxification metabolic enzyme activity in F1 generation of diamondback moth were analyzed. The results showed that the hybridization of susceptible and resistant diamondback moth had no significant effect on the fecundity, developmental duration, pupation rate and emergence rate of Plutella xylostella. The sensitivity of DBM orthogonal and reverse cross populations F1 to indoxacarb and spinetoram was improved. The resistant ratio of DBM orthogonal F1 to indoxacarb and spinetoram decreased more obviously. Compared with the resistant population, the resistant ratio decreased from 27.47 or 41.00 times to 6.82 or 21.50 times, respectively. The activities of glutathione-s transferase (GSTs) in the hybrid offspring of diamondback moth decreased significantly. The enzyme activities of DBM orthogonal and reverse cross populations decreased by 67.29% and 53.80%, respectively. After hybridization between sensitive and resistant diamondback moth, the sensitivity of diamondback moth to pesticides may be affected by regulating the activity of metabolic enzymes. The results can provide a new idea for the management of diamondback moth resistance.

  Effects of Different Microbial Agents on Tobacco Growth and Control of "Two Black and One Green" HUANG Xiaojie, FU Limei, LI Siying, ZHU Yongli, LI Cai, ZHAO Xuetong, ZHANG Zelin, KONG Guangchao, LI Xinghong, CHEN Houren, DAO Jinhua, ZHANG Zhihong 2023, 39 (27):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0856 Abstract + ( 130 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1094KB )   ( 42 ) To screen out the biocontrol functional microbial agent with good control effect on " Two Black and One Green " (tobacco black shank, root black rot and bacterial wilt) of Shuangjiang tobacco and to provide technical support for the green production of Shuangjiang flue-cured tobacco in Lincang with consideration of the production status, a plot experiment was conducted. The effects of different microbial agents on the growth of tobacco plants and the control effects of tobacco black shank, root black rot and bacterial wilt were investigated. A total of 5 treatments were set up: a control (CK) treatment and 4 experimental treatments. The results showed that the application of different functional microbial agents could promote the growth of tobacco plants, improve the disease resistance of tobacco plants, the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves. The application effect of T2 treatment was the best in promoting the growth of tobacco plants, followed by T3; T2 treatment had the best effect on disease prevention and control, followed by T1; for improving the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco, the improvement effect of T2 treatment was the best, followed by T1 and T3 treatments, T4 treatment was slightly worse, and the control ( CK ) was the worst; in terms of appearance quality, T1 and T4 were the best, and T2 was poor; T2 had the best coordination of chemical composition, followed by T3; T2 and T4 were the best in sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves. The comprehensive advantages of ‘Genjudi No.1’ applied in T2 treatment were more prominent, which was more conducive to the prevention and control of tobacco “Two Black and One Green " and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality. It was recommended as the biocontrol functional microbial agent in Shuangjiang.

  Endophytes of Ziziphus jujube: Isolation, Identification and Antibacterial Activity in Saline-Alkali Field LEI Zaojuan, WU Yaming, LIU Zihuan, AN Pengtian, LOU Qiaozhe, DOU Huayun 2023, 39 (27):  140-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0988 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 3024KB )   ( 32 ) To investigate the community composition and antibacterial activity of endophytes of Ziziphus jujube in saline-alkali field, the healthy tissues of Z. jujube in Huanghua were used as test materials. Tissue isolation method, morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis were used to obtain 111 endophytes, affiliated with 19 genera and 23 species, among which Alternaria and Fusarium were the dominant genus with the relative isolation frequency of 37.84% and 21.62%. There were significant differences in the diversity of endophytes in various tissues of Z. jujube, and the Shannon Weaver index (H=2.02) of endophytes in branches was much higher than that in flowers (0.80). The three strains of endophytes with antibacterial effect on both Alternaria tenuissima and Botryosphaeria dothidea were found by plate confrontation method, among which the strain J7-4-4 and its products showed higher antibacterial effect on the two target fungi. We studied endophytes and antibacterial activity of Z. jujube in saline-alkali field for the first time, which provided theoretical basis for the study and development of endophytes in plants under special growing environment.

  Regional Differences, Influencing Factors and Path Analysis of Adoption of Efficient Water-Saving Agricultural Services for Cotton Farmers in Xinjiang MA Yongren, WANG Jiao, ZHU Meiling 2023, 39 (27):  149-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0780 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 32 ) Agricultural efficient water-saving service is an important means to promote the sustainable utilization of agricultural water-saving projects. Based on the field survey data of 2028 cotton farmers in south part, north part and east part of Xinjiang, this paper analyzed the behavior choices and paths of cotton farmers towards agricultural efficient water-saving services from the perspective of regional differences and cotton farmers' characteristics by using binary Logistic regression model. The results showed that, the significance of the government's promotion of efficient agricultural water-saving service on cotton farmers’ choice in southern Xinjiang, northern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang decreased in turn. The age of householder, education level and the proportion of household labor force had no significant influence on cotton farmers' choice of efficient water-saving agricultural service. The water-saving technical experience of householders, the degree of farmland fragmentation, the rate of irrigation water security and the number of water-saving irrigation service organizations had a significant influence on the cotton farmers' choice of efficient water-saving service behavior, and the influence degree was great. Finally, the paper proposed three development paths: improving water resources guarantee rate, strengthening scale management of small-scale farmers' land, and increasing the supply of efficient agricultural water-saving service organizations.

  Effect of Heterotrophic AOB on the Growth-promoting of Lolium multiflorum LI Ya’nan, WANG Haihong, WU Di, LI Lixiang, ZHU Xixia, QI Lin, ZHANG Mingming, WANG Xiaoling 2023, 39 (27):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0974 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1814KB )   ( 23 ) This study aimed to elucidate the growth-promoting effects of Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) strains on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Pot-grown Italian ryegrass was used as the experimental material, four treatments were established: no nitrification inhibitor and no inoculation, inoculation with AOB strains after regeneration, regeneration after adding a nitrification inhibitor, and inoculation with AOB strains after adding a nitrification inhibitor. The results showed that, compared to the non-inhibited and non-inoculated regeneration, Italian ryegrass inoculated with AOB strains exhibited an increase of 23.53% to 48.63% in leaf biomass, 27.91% to 48.54% in net photosynthetic rate, and 43.01% to 144.21% in rhizosphere soil nitrification rate. The addition of a nitrification inhibitor in the soil suppressed the growth promotion of Italian ryegrass. However, after inoculating with the S2_8_1 strain, the growth-promoting effects were superior to those of adding a nitrification inhibitor. In conclusion, the inoculation of S2_8_1 enhanced the nitrification process in Italian ryegrass rhizosphere, stimulated the increase of NO3- content, and strengthened photosynthesis, and ultimately promoted the growth-promoting effect of Italian ryegrass.