Appearance Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of Woody and Honey-Sweetness Flavor Type in Core Planting Areas of Northeast Plain Ecological Area

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0877

Abstract

Abstract:

It is important to explore the appearance characteristics of flue-cured tobacco of woody and honey-sweetness flavor type for excavating its application value. Based on the C2F samples of flue-cured tobacco from 6 core planting areas in the northeast plain ecological region, several classical and geostatistical methods were used to describe and evaluate the appearance characteristics, differences and spatial characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between the appearance characteristics and the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves was discussed. The results showed that: (1) obvious wax texture, slightly dense structure, orange or light yellow color and slightly weak color intensity (plumpness) were the relatively distinct appearance identification characteristics of flue-cured tobacco. (2) The optimal model of background color and leaf color difference between front and back was a linear model, and the indexes showed pure nugget effect and weak spatial autocorrelation. The optimal model of thickness, leaf body difference between tip and base, luster and maturity was an exponential model. The optimal model of wax texture, flexibility, leaf structure, and body and color intensity was a spherical model. The optimal model of leaf surface tissue, color depth, color and oil was a Gaussian model. The leaf surface tissue and color intensity showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, and the remaining 11 indexes showed strong spatial autocorrelation, with their nugget coefficients from 0.10% to 22.86%. The distribution of leaf structure was relatively uniform, and the flexibility, luster, color, maturity and color intensity were generally high in the middle and low in the periphery. The remaining 9 indexes generally showed a gradual upward trend from the northeast to the southwest in the whole or sub region. (3) Generally, the thicker the thickness, and the lower the maturity, the higher the starch; the smaller the leaf color difference between front and back, the lower the chlorine; the smaller the leaf body difference between tip and base, the higher the potassium/chlorine and reducing sugar/total sugar; the lighter the color, the lower the nicotine. Generally, the more the oil, the more obvious the honey-sweetness and green scents, and the better the aroma quality in the sensory evaluation; the looser the leaf structure, the more obvious the woody scent; the thicker the thickness, the more abundant the aroma and the better the aroma permeability, and the greater the smoking strength. The study firstly clarified the main appearance indexes and corresponding relationships for identifying the origin and intrinsic quality of woody and honey-sweetness flavor type flue-cured tobacco, and preliminarily explored the spatial variation and distribution characteristics of indexes. The results could provide intuitive reference for targeted development and precise purchase of feature tobacco leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, northeast plain ecological area, woody and honey-sweetness flavor type, appearance characteristic, spatial distribution, intrinsic quality

ZUO Weibiao, CAI Xianjie, GUAN Qi, GUO Wen, WANG Hao, XUE Chaoqun, YAN Ding, XU Chengyue, CAO Yafan, LU Xiaohua, DOU Jiayu, SONG Jizhen. Appearance Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of Woody and Honey-Sweetness Flavor Type in Core Planting Areas of Northeast Plain Ecological Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(31): 27-37.

Figures/Tables 8

References 30

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指标	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	95%置信区间	分值分布/%	CV/%	偏度	峰度
底色	3.5	6.5	4.97	0.74	4.73~5.22	白97.4/灰2.6	14.97	0.18	-0.21
厚度	3.2	7.0	5.19	1.05	4.85~5.53	厚2.6/中等92.3/薄5.1	20.15	-0.22	-1.02
蜡质感	2.0	8.0	5.92	1.30	5.50~6.34	弱30.8/中61.5/强7.7	21.95	-1.12⁽^λ⁼²⁾	1.63
柔韧性	3.5	6.0	4.90	0.66	4.69~5.12	较柔软100	13.51	-0.51	-0.02
色差	4.0	8.5	6.75	1.13	6.39~7.12	小69.2/中30.8	16.80	-0.56	-0.59
尖基差	5.7	8.5	7.60	0.64	7.39~7.81	小92.3/中7.7	8.41	-1.05⁽^λ⁼³⁾	0.89
光泽	3.5	6.5	5.10	0.64	4.90~5.31	亮97.4/暗2.6	12.47	-0.36	0.10
叶面组织	4.5	6.7	5.59	0.49	5.43~5.75	细腻2.6/较细腻97.4	8.74	-0.34	-0.10
颜色深浅	2.0	6.5	4.72	0.97	4.41~5.04	深桔5.1/桔黄69.2/浅桔25.7	20.48	-0.83	1.69
颜色	6.7	8.5	7.57	0.56	7.39~7.75	桔黄92.3/柠檬7.7	7.41	0.14	-1.23
成熟度	6.5	8.5	7.63	0.48	7.47~7.79	成熟89.7/尚熟10.3	6.34	-0.27	-0.70
叶片结构	4.0	8.2	7.19	1.17	6.81~7.56	疏松10.3/尚疏松79.4/稍密10.3	16.25	-1.81⁽^λ⁼⁵⁾	2.55
身份	5.5	8.5	7.42	0.71	7.18~7.65	中等76.9/稍厚12.8/稍薄10.3	9.61	-0.67	0.29
油分	4.2	6.7	5.80	0.65	5.58~6.01	有89.7/稍有10.3	11.29	-0.76⁽^λ⁼⁵⁾	-0.40
色度	4.0	6.5	5.20	0.70	4.97~5.43	中87.2/强12.8	13.56	0.00	-0.53

指标	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	95%置信区间	分值分布/%	CV/%	偏度	峰度
底色	3.5	6.5	4.97	0.74	4.73~5.22	白97.4/灰2.6	14.97	0.18	-0.21
厚度	3.2	7.0	5.19	1.05	4.85~5.53	厚2.6/中等92.3/薄5.1	20.15	-0.22	-1.02
蜡质感	2.0	8.0	5.92	1.30	5.50~6.34	弱30.8/中61.5/强7.7	21.95	-1.12⁽^λ⁼²⁾	1.63
柔韧性	3.5	6.0	4.90	0.66	4.69~5.12	较柔软100	13.51	-0.51	-0.02
色差	4.0	8.5	6.75	1.13	6.39~7.12	小69.2/中30.8	16.80	-0.56	-0.59
尖基差	5.7	8.5	7.60	0.64	7.39~7.81	小92.3/中7.7	8.41	-1.05⁽^λ⁼³⁾	0.89
光泽	3.5	6.5	5.10	0.64	4.90~5.31	亮97.4/暗2.6	12.47	-0.36	0.10
叶面组织	4.5	6.7	5.59	0.49	5.43~5.75	细腻2.6/较细腻97.4	8.74	-0.34	-0.10
颜色深浅	2.0	6.5	4.72	0.97	4.41~5.04	深桔5.1/桔黄69.2/浅桔25.7	20.48	-0.83	1.69
颜色	6.7	8.5	7.57	0.56	7.39~7.75	桔黄92.3/柠檬7.7	7.41	0.14	-1.23
成熟度	6.5	8.5	7.63	0.48	7.47~7.79	成熟89.7/尚熟10.3	6.34	-0.27	-0.70
叶片结构	4.0	8.2	7.19	1.17	6.81~7.56	疏松10.3/尚疏松79.4/稍密10.3	16.25	-1.81⁽^λ⁼⁵⁾	2.55
身份	5.5	8.5	7.42	0.71	7.18~7.65	中等76.9/稍厚12.8/稍薄10.3	9.61	-0.67	0.29
油分	4.2	6.7	5.80	0.65	5.58~6.01	有89.7/稍有10.3	11.29	-0.76⁽^λ⁼⁵⁾	-0.40
色度	4.0	6.5	5.20	0.70	4.97~5.43	中87.2/强12.8	13.56	0.00	-0.53

生态区	底色	厚度	蜡质感	柔韧性	色差	尖基差	光泽	叶面组织	颜色深浅	颜色	成熟度	叶片结构	身份	油分	色度
Ⅷ	4.97	5.19	5.92	4.90	6.75	7.60	5.10	5.59	4.72	7.57	7.63	7.19	7.42	5.80	5.20
Ⅰ	5.45^*	4.69^*	8.11^*	5.96^*	7.97^*	7.38	6.09^*	6.56^*	4.85	7.91^*	8.06^*	8.08^*	7.90^*	6.10	5.93^*
Ⅱ	5.54^*	4.70	8.25^*	5.65^*	7.89^*	7.47	5.76^*	6.46^*	4.88	8.03^*	8.02^*	7.79^*	7.78	5.97	5.90^*
Ⅲ	5.30	4.52^*	7.87^*	5.89^*	7.92^*	7.24	5.99^*	6.60^*	4.39	7.62	7.64	7.59^*	7.41	6.04	5.70^*
Ⅳ	4.03^*	5.39	6.71^*	4.54	6.34	7.07^*	4.63^*	5.39	4.59	7.55	7.51	7.35	7.31	5.69	5.69^*
Ⅴ	6.43^*	4.69^*	8.05^*	5.17	7.67^*	7.81	5.24	5.84	5.49^*	7.92^*	8.05^*	7.94^*	7.64	5.92	5.67^*
Ⅵ	6.51^*	4.92	7.80^*	6.55^*	7.18	7.56	4.71	7.01^*	5.36^*	8.09^*	7.94	7.71^*	7.83^*	6.76^*	5.91^*
Ⅶ	4.49^*	5.31	6.54^*	3.89^*	6.66	7.56	4.57^*	4.64^*	5.00	7.66	7.64	7.18	7.41	5.56	5.25

生态区	底色	厚度	蜡质感	柔韧性	色差	尖基差	光泽	叶面组织	颜色深浅	颜色	成熟度	叶片结构	身份	油分	色度
Ⅷ	4.97	5.19	5.92	4.90	6.75	7.60	5.10	5.59	4.72	7.57	7.63	7.19	7.42	5.80	5.20
Ⅰ	5.45^*	4.69^*	8.11^*	5.96^*	7.97^*	7.38	6.09^*	6.56^*	4.85	7.91^*	8.06^*	8.08^*	7.90^*	6.10	5.93^*
Ⅱ	5.54^*	4.70	8.25^*	5.65^*	7.89^*	7.47	5.76^*	6.46^*	4.88	8.03^*	8.02^*	7.79^*	7.78	5.97	5.90^*
Ⅲ	5.30	4.52^*	7.87^*	5.89^*	7.92^*	7.24	5.99^*	6.60^*	4.39	7.62	7.64	7.59^*	7.41	6.04	5.70^*
Ⅳ	4.03^*	5.39	6.71^*	4.54	6.34	7.07^*	4.63^*	5.39	4.59	7.55	7.51	7.35	7.31	5.69	5.69^*
Ⅴ	6.43^*	4.69^*	8.05^*	5.17	7.67^*	7.81	5.24	5.84	5.49^*	7.92^*	8.05^*	7.94^*	7.64	5.92	5.67^*
Ⅵ	6.51^*	4.92	7.80^*	6.55^*	7.18	7.56	4.71	7.01^*	5.36^*	8.09^*	7.94	7.71^*	7.83^*	6.76^*	5.91^*
Ⅶ	4.49^*	5.31	6.54^*	3.89^*	6.66	7.56	4.57^*	4.64^*	5.00	7.66	7.64	7.18	7.41	5.56	5.25

指标	模型	块金值	基台值	块金系数/%	变程/m	R²	RSS
底色	L	0.4316	0.4316	100.00	358686.041	0.573	0.660
厚度	E	0.1870	1.1610	16.11	39000.000	0.060	2.270
蜡质感^*	S	31.8000	215.4000	14.76	62300.000	0.180	71517.000
柔韧性	S	0.0600	0.4710	12.74	35000.000	0.039	0.840
色差	L	1.1575	1.1575	100.00	358686.041	0.508	2.880
尖基差^*	E	10.0000	8320.0000	0.12	21300.000	0.030	49800000.000
光泽	E	0.0300	0.3870	7.75	900.000	0.000	0.384
叶面组织	G	0.0651	0.2472	26.33	30137.684	0.041	0.231
颜色深浅	G	0.5570	3.1240	17.83	505693.531	0.324	9.940
颜色	G	0.0939	0.4108	22.86	104615.869	0.280	0.338
成熟度	E	0.0290	0.2340	12.39	45900.000	0.046	0.118
叶片结构^*	S	100000.0000	102900000.0000	0.10	20300.000	0.007	36300000000000000.000
身份	S	0.0740	0.5620	13.17	39500.000	0.093	0.685
油分^*	G	8200000.0000	44650000.0000	18.37	965098.710	0.358	438000000000000.000
色度	S	0.3010	0.9900	30.40	811000.000	0.303	0.579