Effect of Sowing Period on Growth and Yield of No-till Aerial-Sowing Oilseed Rape

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0728

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to optimize the suitable sowing periods for rapeseed under the no-till aerial-sowing mode, and address the issue of delayed sowing of rapeseed caused by dense stubble in rice-rape cropping system. Three field experiments were conducted during the 2020-2022 oilseed rape season in Wuxue and Huangpi, Hubei Province. Each experiment included eight treatments, with oilseed rape sown 1, 3, 5, 7 d before and after rice harvesting. The impact of varying sowing periods on winter oilseed rape yields, yield components, and growth and development were analyzed. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the rapeseed yield between the different sowing periods. The optimal time to sow was 3 d before and 3 d following rice harvesting; this resulted in an average yield increase of 28.3% compared to other sowing times. Density was the main factor affecting rapeseed yield in the pre-harvest rice sowing period, showing an increase with delay in the sowing period (P<0.01). Compared to the 7 d and 5 d before rice harvest sowing treatments, there were an increase of 48.4% in mean maturity density and an increase of 8.2% in pre-winter seedling establishment in the 1 d and 3 d before rice harvest sowing treatments. The primary factor influencing rapeseed yield from post-harvest sowing of rice was the average number of pods per plant, which increased by 15.8% in the 1 d and 3 d post-harvest treatments of rice compared to the 5 d and 7 d post-harvest treatments. The number of pods per plant as well as the number of over wintering green leaves, stem thickness at bud stage, and stem thickness at flowering stage were found to be significantly positively correlated (P<0.05) in different sowing periods following rice harvest. Additionally, the mean over wintering green leaves, stem thickness at bud stage, and stem thickness at flowering stage increased by 18.2%, 12.9%, and 16.0% in the 1 d and 3 d following rice harvest treatments, respectively, compared to the 5 d and 7 d following rice harvest treatments. Sowing seed from three days before to three days after rice harvest can improve aerial-sowing oilseed rape yield by optimizing population structure and promoting individual growth and development. This study offers technical guidance for light and efficient oilseed rape production.

Key words: no-till aerial-sowing, oilseed rape, sowing periods, yield, yield components, growth

WANG Chongming, CHEN Lingying, LU Mingxing, ZHOU Zhihua, TIAN Guisheng, ZHANG Shuiping, ZHENG Zuyun, FANG Qichao, REN Tao, LU Jianwei. Effect of Sowing Period on Growth and Yield of No-till Aerial-Sowing Oilseed Rape[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(23): 32-38.

Figures/Tables 5

References 37

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播种时期/d		2020—2021年武穴		2020—2021年黄陂		2021—2022年武穴
播种时期/d		产量/(kg/hm²)	相对产量/%	产量/(kg/hm²)	相对产量/%	产量/(kg/hm²)	相对产量/%
水稻收获前	7	1626 d	64.5	1195 c	74.0	1487 d	50.0
	5	1957 c	77.8	1302 c	80.6	2067 c	69.5
	3	2513 a	100.0	1615 a	100.0	2620 ab	88.1
	1	2387 a	98.9	1583 ab	98.0	2973 a	100.0
水稻收获后	1	2347 ab	93.3	1551 ab	96.0	2926 a	98.4
	3	2063 bc	82.1	1459 b	90.3	2748 ab	92.4
	5	1985 c	79.0	1214 c	75.1	2605 ab	87.6
	7	1818 cd	72.3	1205 c	74.6	2498 b	84.0

播种时期/d		2020—2021年武穴		2020—2021年黄陂		2021—2022年武穴
播种时期/d		产量/(kg/hm²)	相对产量/%	产量/(kg/hm²)	相对产量/%	产量/(kg/hm²)	相对产量/%
水稻收获前	7	1626 d	64.5	1195 c	74.0	1487 d	50.0
	5	1957 c	77.8	1302 c	80.6	2067 c	69.5
	3	2513 a	100.0	1615 a	100.0	2620 ab	88.1
	1	2387 a	98.9	1583 ab	98.0	2973 a	100.0
水稻收获后	1	2347 ab	93.3	1551 ab	96.0	2926 a	98.4
	3	2063 bc	82.1	1459 b	90.3	2748 ab	92.4
	5	1985 c	79.0	1214 c	75.1	2605 ab	87.6
	7	1818 cd	72.3	1205 c	74.6	2498 b	84.0

播种时期/d		2020—2021年武穴				2020—2021年黄陂				2021—2022年武穴
播种时期/d		密度/ (株/m²)	单株角果数/No.	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g	密度/ (株/m²)	单株角果数/No.	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g	密度/ (株/m²)	单株角果数/No.	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g
水稻收获前	7	19.7 c	119.2 c	19.1 a	4.08 a	18.7 b	108.0 bc	19.1 a	3.80 bc	10.0 d	205.8 a	19.3 a	4.62 a
	5	23.3 b	124.8 bc	19.5 a	4.09 a	20.0 b	115.8 bc	19.0 a	3.85 abc	17.0 c	166.4 b	19.5 a	4.49 a
	3	28.0 a	137.8 a	19.3 a	4.09 a	23.7 a	128.5 a	18.7 a	3.84 abc	23.7 ab	146.0 bc	20.4 a	4.53 a
	1	29.3 a	134.0 ab	20.5 a	4.11 a	23.0 a	122.0 ab	19.0 a	3.89 a	27.7 a	138.7 bc	20.1 a	4.68 a
水稻收获后	1	26.7 a	133.5 ab	20.4 a	4.14 a	22.0 a	119.7 ab	19.2 a	3.87 ab	26.0 ab	136.3 bc	20.7 a	4.60 a
	3	24.7 b	124.5 bc	20.0 a	4.12 a	21.3 a	109.5 bc	18.9 a	3.79 c	24.3 ab	126.0 bc	19.3 a	4.60 a
	5	24.3 bc	112.5 bc	18.7 b	4.06 a	20.7 ab	104.5 c	18.6 a	3.71 d	24.0 ab	114.3 c	20.0 a	4.58 a
	7	24.0 bc	105.7 c	18.1 b	4.06 a	21.0 ab	98.5 c	19.1 a	3.72 d	23.3 bc	111.8 c	19.6 a	4.52 a
相对贡献率/%
水稻收获前播种		59.7	24.3	10.5	5.4	58	29.7	0.9	11.4	43.1	30.7	24.7	1.4
水稻收获后播种		21.6	39.9	23.7	14.8	2.8	60.9	3.4	32.8	8.7	69.3	3.9	18.1

播种时期/d		2020—2021年武穴				2020—2021年黄陂				2021—2022年武穴
播种时期/d		密度/ (株/m²)	单株角果数/No.	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g	密度/ (株/m²)	单株角果数/No.	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g	密度/ (株/m²)	单株角果数/No.	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g
水稻收获前	7	19.7 c	119.2 c	19.1 a	4.08 a	18.7 b	108.0 bc	19.1 a	3.80 bc	10.0 d	205.8 a	19.3 a	4.62 a
	5	23.3 b	124.8 bc	19.5 a	4.09 a	20.0 b	115.8 bc	19.0 a	3.85 abc	17.0 c	166.4 b	19.5 a	4.49 a
	3	28.0 a	137.8 a	19.3 a	4.09 a	23.7 a	128.5 a	18.7 a	3.84 abc	23.7 ab	146.0 bc	20.4 a	4.53 a
	1	29.3 a	134.0 ab	20.5 a	4.11 a	23.0 a	122.0 ab	19.0 a	3.89 a	27.7 a	138.7 bc	20.1 a	4.68 a
水稻收获后	1	26.7 a	133.5 ab	20.4 a	4.14 a	22.0 a	119.7 ab	19.2 a	3.87 ab	26.0 ab	136.3 bc	20.7 a	4.60 a
	3	24.7 b	124.5 bc	20.0 a	4.12 a	21.3 a	109.5 bc	18.9 a	3.79 c	24.3 ab	126.0 bc	19.3 a	4.60 a
	5	24.3 bc	112.5 bc	18.7 b	4.06 a	20.7 ab	104.5 c	18.6 a	3.71 d	24.0 ab	114.3 c	20.0 a	4.58 a
	7	24.0 bc	105.7 c	18.1 b	4.06 a	21.0 ab	98.5 c	19.1 a	3.72 d	23.3 bc	111.8 c	19.6 a	4.52 a
相对贡献率/%
水稻收获前播种		59.7	24.3	10.5	5.4	58	29.7	0.9	11.4	43.1	30.7	24.7	1.4
水稻收获后播种		21.6	39.9	23.7	14.8	2.8	60.9	3.4	32.8	8.7	69.3	3.9	18.1

水稻收获前/d	基本苗数/（株/m²）	密度/（株/m²）			冬前成苗率/%
水稻收获前/d	基本苗数/（株/m²）	越冬期	蕾薹期	成熟期	冬前成苗率/%
7	35.6 c	19.0 c	16.7 b	14.9 c	53.2
5	39.8 c	22.2 c	21.8 b	20.2 b	55.8
3	53.7 b	32.4 b	27.8 a	25.9 a	60.3
1	62.5 a	40.7 a	31.9 a	28.5 a	65.1