Research on Heavy Metal Sources and Environmental Evaluation of Soil in Yuanmou, Central Yunnan

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0623

Abstract

Abstract:

By identifying the distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in Yuanmou County, we can understand the local heavy metal sources and environmental ratings, objectively grasp the environmental problems existing in the soil in this area, put forward scientific and reasonable suggestions for agricultural development and environmental governance, and improve the level of land management and environmental monitoring in this area. The method of combining traditional geochemistry and soil science was used, and the sampling was carried out according to the relevant standards of 1:250000 land quality geochemical survey. SPSS, Excel, GeolPAS.V4.5, ArcGIS10.8 and other software were used for data modeling, result integration and map production. The results showed that heavy metal elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were existed in the surface soil of Yuanmou County, in which Cd was enriched on the surface, and the anisotropy of Cd and Hg was higher than that of other elements. The overall distribution of Cu was balanced, with local characteristics of enrichment and depletion. Cr was highly correlated with Ni and weakly negatively correlated with Pb. There were three main sources of heavy metals: mainly rich in Zn and As, mainly rich in Cr, Ni and Cu, and mainly rich in Hg. In the comprehensive grade assessment of surface soil environment, the risk-free area was 1873 km², accounting for 92.77%, and the risk-controlled area was 146 km², accounting for 7.23%. The area was concentrated in Jiangyi Town, Guanyuan Town and Pingtian Town, and scattered in other areas, with no high risk area. The distribution of heavy metals As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in Yuanmou County was mainly controlled by the parent material, Cu and Cd were controlled by the parent material, continuous weathering and human activities, and Hg was mainly controlled by human activities. There was no high-risk area in Environmental rating, and the risk controllable areas were mainly affected by Cu and Cd, among which the Cd risk controllable areas were highly consistent with the concentrated areas of agricultural development, and the application of relevant pesticides should be reasonably controlled and monitored in the later stage. Hg wasn’t at risk in the whole region, but there had been a slight enrichment trend in the surface soil, which required a late warning to avoid pollution.

Key words: Yuanmou, heavy metal element, land quality, environmental assessment

XU Jie, ZHANG Ya, LI Pingzhao, XU Lei, CHENG Yanxun, WEN Fangping. Research on Heavy Metal Sources and Environmental Evaluation of Soil in Yuanmou, Central Yunnan[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 81-90.

Figures/Tables 11

References 28

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序号	元素	分析方法	本次检出限	规范检出限
1	As	AFS	0.5	1
2	Cd	ICP-MS	0.03	0.03
3	Cr	XRF	2.5	5
4	Cu	ICP-MS	1	1
5	Hg	AFS	0.0005	0.0005
6	Ni	ICP-MS	2	2
7	Pb	XRF	2	2
8	Zn	XRF	4	4
9	pH	ISE	0.1^**	0.1^**

序号	元素	分析方法	本次检出限	规范检出限
1	As	AFS	0.5	1
2	Cd	ICP-MS	0.03	0.03
3	Cr	XRF	2.5	5
4	Cu	ICP-MS	1	1
5	Hg	AFS	0.0005	0.0005
6	Ni	ICP-MS	2	2
7	Pb	XRF	2	2
8	Zn	XRF	4	4
9	pH	ISE	0.1^**	0.1^**

类别/元素名称	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn	pH
样品数	488	487	499	483	492	505	488	498	510
平均值	7.04	0.16	78.16	27.97	0.02	28.17	22.08	62.89	6.97
中位数	6.58	0.14	78.30	27.30	0.02	28.60	21.65	61.90	7.16
标准离差	3.04	0.07	15.41	7.54	0.01	8.21	6.26	19.24	1.04
变化系数	0.43	0.46	0.20	0.27	0.36	0.29	0.28	0.31	0.15
最大值	16.30	0.38	122.00	50.80	0.05	52.70	42.10	120.00	8.70
最小值	0.79	0.03	36.90	6.67	0.01	8.07	5.30	12.50	4.60
深层背景值	6.92	0.08	82.96	26.69	0.02	29.61	20.70	65.12	7.16
K_表/深	1.02	1.92	0.94	1.05	1.14	0.95	1.07	0.97	0.97
偏度	0.56	0.88	-0.02	0.24	0.95	0.15	0.23	0.14	-0.38
峰度	-0.08	0.57	-0.22	0.13	0.81	0.02	0.34	-0.37	-1.09

类别/元素名称	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn	pH
样品数	488	487	499	483	492	505	488	498	510
平均值	7.04	0.16	78.16	27.97	0.02	28.17	22.08	62.89	6.97
中位数	6.58	0.14	78.30	27.30	0.02	28.60	21.65	61.90	7.16
标准离差	3.04	0.07	15.41	7.54	0.01	8.21	6.26	19.24	1.04
变化系数	0.43	0.46	0.20	0.27	0.36	0.29	0.28	0.31	0.15
最大值	16.30	0.38	122.00	50.80	0.05	52.70	42.10	120.00	8.70
最小值	0.79	0.03	36.90	6.67	0.01	8.07	5.30	12.50	4.60
深层背景值	6.92	0.08	82.96	26.69	0.02	29.61	20.70	65.12	7.16
K_表/深	1.02	1.92	0.94	1.05	1.14	0.95	1.07	0.97	0.97
偏度	0.56	0.88	-0.02	0.24	0.95	0.15	0.23	0.14	-0.38
峰度	-0.08	0.57	-0.22	0.13	0.81	0.02	0.34	-0.37	-1.09

元素	农用地土壤污染风险筛选值				农用地土壤污染风险管制值
元素	pH≤5.5	5.5<pH≤6.5	6.5<pH≤7.5	pH>7.5	pH≤5.5	5.5<pH≤6.5	6.5<pH≤7.5	pH>7.5
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6	1.5	2	3	4
Hg	1.3	1.8	2.4	3.4	2	2.5	4	6
As	40	40	30	25	200	150	120	100
Pb	80	100	140	240	400	500	700	1000
Cr	250	250	300	350	800	850	1000	1300
Cu	150	150	200	200
Ni	60	70	100	190
Zn	200	200	250	300