Abstract:

Aphids are major agricultural pests that infest a wide range of host species, causing substantial damage and economic losses to crops. This study was conducted to provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies and sustainable management of aphid populations. While chemical control remains a primary method for managing aphid populations, the rapid emergence of pesticide resistance poses a growing challenge. This study summarizes the globally prevalent and highly damaging aphid species, elaborating on their host ranges, distribution, and modes of infestation. It focuses on analyzing the current development of resistance to various insecticides, including organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, as well as sulfoxaflor and spirotetramat. Research indicates that aphids develop resistance through multiple mechanisms, such as reduced target-site sensitivity, decreased cuticular penetration, and enhanced metabolic enzyme activity, with the overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes and mutations in nAChR genes serving as the primary mechanisms. Based on current resistance trends, it is recommended that future efforts should strengthen the development of novel mode-of-action insecticides, deepen molecular-level research on resistance mechanisms, and formulate integrated management strategies centered on insecticide rotation and biological control, thereby providing theoretical and technical support for achieving green and sustainable aphid control.

Key words: aphid, damage, host plants, chemical control, resistance mechanism