Abstract: The effects of rotation on cropland weeds have aroused extensive attention of scholars. In order to better clarify the roles of rotation in weed management, this paper described the related researches from the aspects of the crop rotation effects on weed communities and weed seed bank, and summarized the main features and problems in existing studies. At the same time, the possible mechanisms of the rotation effects on cropland weeds were analyzed, and the possible reasons for the problems in the courses of the studies were proposed. Also, this article prospected the future research directions. The in-depth studies of weed communities and weed seed bank dynamic regular pattern under different rotation conditions are the focus of future researches. Attention should be paid to the unity of the research methods and the improvement of the key technologies in the study courses. The research of key mechanism and applied research are the future research development directions.