Abstract: In order to explore the corn peanut intercropping conditions soil micro environment, through field trials under intercropping corn peanut crop root zone soil microbial biomass and intercropping yield condition comparative study. The results showed that, intercropping could improve the overall metabolic activity of the soil microbial community structure diversity, to some extent, which intercropping 12 ridge corn 12 ridge peanuts, 62.5% higher than the control bacteria, fungi control 6 times, the actinomycetes control 8 times. Different intercropping pattern of economic benefits was quite large, including corn-peanut intercropping 12 ridge above the corn-peanut intercropping 4 ridge 23.6%, corn-peanut intercropping 8 ridge above the corn-peanut intercropping 4 ridge 22.5%. The comprehensive evaluation think, corn and peanut intercropping the best ratio was 4:12 or 12:12. The province flower production area of aeolian sandy soil easily wind erosion and peanut avoid cropping corn peanut intercropping on anti-erosion has an important role in anti-cropping.