Abstract: Flood and drought occurs frequently in the Huaihe River Basin, especially wide range of drought, which is a serious threat to high and stable crop yield. In order to assess drought effect on rice yield timely, The evaluation model of rice yield loss caused by drought in the Huaihe River Basin was established based on the intensity of agricultural drought, crop sensitivity, relative vulnerability and anti disaster capability, by using county rice yield, meteorological and agricultural economic data from 1971-2008 in the Huaihe River Basin. According to the probability distribution curve of yield reduction rate, rice yield loss caused by drought was divided into five levels. The test results showed that: the accuracy was approximately 80% and the assessment of regional drought damage was nearly the same as the real, which means his model could be applied in agrometeorological service.