Abstract: As the change of the traditional society to the modern one, the peasant’s political consciousness has changed greatly. It is necessary and important for Chinese peasants to foster the modern, rational and opening political consciousness, including the consciousness of socialism, collectivism, patriotism, reform, opening, developing and so on, instead of the blindly following and closing one. In order to foster the peasant’s modern political consciousness, we should enlighten the peasant and improve their political quality; strengthen ideological education and improve their moral quality; spread law knowledge and heighten their legal mentality; extend the basic democracy and put into autonomy of the peasants.