Abstract: The paper summarized research progress of the origin and evolution of watermelon, and used the theory of plate, and the methods of cytological markers and morphological markers, biochemical markers and molecular markers to speculate and argue the center of the origins and evolution of watermelon. It was concluded that Africa was the origin center while Asia was the evolution center. The analysis showed that molecular marker was an important approach to study the origin and evolution of watermelon, and could directly reflect the genetic relationship of different varieties of watermelon. The paper pointed out that analysis based on multidisciplinary knowledge could result in more accurate conclusions. Expounding on the origins and evolution of watermelon was of certain significances to watermelon germplasm resources collection and utilization, and to the breeding of high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties.