Abstract: To accurately understand the agricultural sustainable development on national and regional scales in China and identify the obstacle factors affecting the sustainable development in different regions, we established an index system of agricultural sustainable development, and evaluated the level of sustainable development of agriculture in China by the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. Then we anylazed the temporal and spatial variation of the sustainable development level, and put forward some measures so as to provide a reference for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The results are as follows: (1) the sustainable development level of agriculture was gradually improved in China from 2000 to 2013; (2) in four dimensions of agricultural sustainable development, the economic sustainability held the fastest and greatest growth, the social sustainability presented a continuous improvement, the ecological sustainability rose steadily while the environmental sustainability decreased stablely; (3) the level of sustainable development of agriculture can be divided into three types, namely the low-level, the middle-level and the high-level, and showed a striking difference across different regions; (4) the sustainable development of agriculture is a systematic project. Therefore, a comprehensive application of engineering, technology, welldesigned management and legal measures is essential for promoting agricultural sustainable development across China.