Grazing: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Vegetation Diversity

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020052

Abstract

Abstract:

Grazing is one of the ways of raising livestock, and also the simplest and most effective way of utilizing grassland. But livestock could affect grassland vegetation and soil through forage grazing, trampling on soil and forage, and feces excretion, so the effects of different intensities of grazing on soil and vegetation are different. This paper summarized the effects of livestock grazing on underground soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil bulk density, organic carbon and microbial diversity, vegetation diversity and grass composition, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for study livestock grazing behavior and scientific grazing.

Key words: grazing, soil organic matter, soil microorganism, vegetation diversity

CLC Number:

S8-1

Gao Chengfang, Zhang Xiaopei, Li Zhaolong. Grazing: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Vegetation Diversity[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(8): 98-104.

References 65

[1]	Mcln tyr e S, Lavorel S, Landsber J . Disturbance response invegetation towards aglobal perspective on functional reait[J]. Vegetation Science, 1990,10:621-630.
[2]	江小蕾, 张卫国, 杨振宇 , 等. 不同干扰类型对高寒草甸群落结构和植物多样性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003,23(9):1479-1485.
[3]	张静妮, 赖欣, 李刚 , 等. 贝加尔针茅草原植物多样性及土壤养分对放牧干扰的响应[J]. 草地学报, 2010,18(2):178-182.
[4]	赵同谦, 欧阳志云, 郑华 , 等. 草地生态系统服务功能分析及其评价指标体系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004,23(6):155-160.
[5]	谢高地, 张钇锂, 鲁春霞 , 等. 中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J]. 自然资源学报, 2001,16(1):47-53.
[6]	王明君, 赵萌莉, 崔国文 , 等. 放牧对草甸草原植被和土壤的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2010,18(6):758-762.
[7]	黄昌勇 . 土壤学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 3.
[8]	张成霞, 南志标 . 放牧对草地土壤理化特性影响的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2010,19(4):204-211.
[9]	翟夏杰, 黄顶, 王堃 . 围封与放牧对典型草原植被和土壤的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2015,37(6):73-78.
[10]	史印涛 . 不同放牧强度对小叶章群落特征和土壤理化性状的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2013: 1-41.
[11]	呼吉亚 . 地形与放牧对土壤有机碳组分的影响研究[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2014: 1-24.
[12]	刘楠, 张英俊 . 放牧对典型草原土壤有机碳及全氮的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2010,27(4):11-14.
[13]	迟晖 . 放牧鸡行为学研究及其对草地生态的影响[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2006: 1-39.
[14]	邬枭楠, 缪金莉, 郑颖 , 等. 林下养鸡对生物多样性的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2013,30(5):689-697.
[15]	柳剑丽 . 刈割与放牧对锡林郭勒典型草原植被和土壤影响的研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院, 2013: 1-60.
[16]	史胜南, 于占源, 曾德慧 , 等. 牧鸡密度与取样时间对沙质草地土壤氮素有效性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013,32(8):2120-2125.
[17]	张显龙, 苏华, 李永康 , 等. 不同牧鸡密度对沙草地土壤养分状况的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2015,46(1):42-47.
[18]	戎郁萍, 韩建国, 王培 , 等. 放牧强度对草地土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 中国草地, 2001,23(4):41-47.
[19]	Smo liak S, Dormaar J F, Johnston A . Long-term grazing effect on Stipa-Bouteloua prarie soils[J]. Journal of Range Management, 1972,25:246-250.
[20]	冯健, 张健 . 巨桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的生态分布规律[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005,16(8):1422-1426.
[21]	李希来 . 青藏高原黑土滩形成的自然因素与生物学机制[J]. 草业科学, 2002,19(1):20-22.
[22]	曾祥艳, 廖健明, 韦凤英 , 等. 林下养鸡对林地土壤特性的影响[J]. 广西林业科学, 2014,43(3):292-295.
[23]	王向涛, 张世虎, 陈懂懂 , 等. 不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被特征和土壤养分变化研究[J]. 草地学报, 2010,18(4):510-516.
[24]	张静 . 放牧对西藏高寒典型湿地土壤碳、氮分布的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2016,55(18):4660-4663.
[25]	Mcsherry M E, Ritchie M E . Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon: a global review[J]. Global Change Biology, 2013,19(5):1347-1357.
[26]	Hafner S, Unteregelsbacher S, Seeber E , et al. Effect of grazing on carbon stocks and assimilate partitioning in a Tibetan montane pasture revealed by 13 CO₂ pulse labeling[J]. Global Change Biology, 2012,18(2):528-538.
[27]	周丽霞, 丁明懋 . 土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用[J]. 生物多样性, 2007,15(2):162-171.
[28]	Eldridge D J, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Travers S K , et al. Competition drives the response of soil microbial diversity to increased grazing by vertebrate herbivores[J]. Ecology, 2017,98(7):1922-1931.
[29]	Hu J, Hou XY, Wang Z, Ding Y , et al. Effects of mowing and grazing on soil nutrients and soil microbes in rhizosphere and bulk soil of Stipa grandis in a typical steppe[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ccology, 2015,26(11):3482-3490.
[30]	秦华军, 何丙辉, 赵旋池 , 等. 西南山地林下经济模式对土壤养分和土壤微生物数量的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2014,34(1):113-117.
[31]	方楷, 宋乃平, 魏乐 , 等. 不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012,21(5):12-22.
[32]	董乙强, 孙宗玖, 安沙舟 . 放牧和禁牧影响草地物种多样性和有机碳库的途径[J]. 中国草地学报, 2018(1). 107-116.
[33]	曹淑宝 . 短期放牧对草甸草原土壤微生物与土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 微生物学通报, 2012,39(6):0741-0748.
[34]	A Fterich, M Mahdhi, M Mars . Impact of grazing on soil microbial communities along a chronosequence of Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana in arid soils in Tunisia[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2012,50:56-63.
[35]	徐晓凤, 牛德奎, 郭晓敏 , 等. 放牧对武功山草甸土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018,35(7):1634-1640.
[36]	Bristow A W, Jarvis S C . Effects of grazing and nitrogen fertiliser on the soil microbial biomass under permanent pasture[J]. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2010,54(1):9-21.
[37]	Stark S, Männistö M K, Ganzert L , et al. Grazing intensity in subarctic tundra affects the temperature adaptation of soil microbial communities[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015,84:147-157.
[38]	H Insam, A Rangger, M Henrich , et al. The effect of grazing on soil microbial biomass and community on Alpine pastures[J]. Annales rei botanicae, 1996,36(36):205-216.
[39]	Heynes R J. William P H . Nutrient cycling and fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem[J]. Advance Agronogy, 1993,49:119-199.
[40]	Krzic M. Briersma K, Thompson D J , et al. Soil properties and species diversity of grazed crested wheatgrass and native rangelands[J]. Journal of Range Management, 2000,53:353-358.
[41]	周泽英, 班镁光 . 黔南州放牧鸡人工草地建植技术初探[J]. 草业科学, 2003(1):50-51.
[42]	王晓亚 . 典型草原草畜系统甲烷排放的研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2013: 1-49.
[43]	高新磊 . 放牧对草原土壤温室气体排放影响的研究[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2017: 1-61.
[44]	张静, 陈先江, 侯扶江 . 家畜排泄物对牧草种子传播和萌发的作用[J]. 草业科学, 2017,34(10):2070-2079.
[45]	张静 . 滩羊放牧对陇东典型草原牧草生长和繁殖的作用[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2017: 1-46.
[46]	姜圆圆, 唐士明, 任锐 , 等. 放牧绵羊排泄物在荒漠草原土壤内的养分降解[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013,27(6):112-115.
[47]	丁路明, 龙瑞军, 郭旭生 , 等. 放牧生态系统家畜牧食行为研究进展[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2009,30(5):4-9.
[48]	Chaichi M R, Tow P G . Effects of stocking density and grazing period on herbage and seed production of Paraggio Medic[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology, 2018,2:271-279.
[49]	邰胜萍, 陶宇航 . 林下草地放牧养鸡的生态鸡窝[J]. 贵州畜牧兽医, 2004(3):37-38.
[50]	Faried M M, Hoult E H, Daniel H . Changes in botanical composition under free-range chicken arming[EB/OL]. ,1998.
[51]	王镜植 . 大型草食动物采食与粪便对大针茅草原植被特征及氮矿化的作用[D]. 东北师范大学, 2017: 1-80.
[52]	Virtanen R . Effects of Grazing on Above-Ground Biomass on a Mountain Snowbed, NW Finland[J]. Oikos, 2010,90(2):295-300.
[53]	董晓玉, 傅华, 李旭东 , 等. 放牧与围封对黄土高原典型草原植物生物量及其碳氮磷贮量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010,19(2):175-182.
[54]	乌尼尔, 海棠 . 放牧对典型草原羊草形态特征及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2015(4):71-76.
[55]	周伶, 上官铁梁, 郭东罡 , 等. 晋、陕、宁、蒙柠条锦鸡儿群落物种多样性对放牧干扰和气象因子的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2012,32(1):0111-0122.
[56]	金晓明, 韩国栋 . 放牧对草甸草原植物群落结构及多样性的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2010,27(4):7-10.
[57]	Klink R V, Nolte S, Mandema F S , et al. Effects of grazing management on biodiversity across trophic levels-The importance of livestock species and stocking density in salt marshes[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2016,235:329-339.
[58]	崔树娟, 布仁巴音, 朱小雪 , 等. 不同季节适度放牧对高寒草甸植物群落特征的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2014,34(2):0349-0357.
[59]	Peco B, Carmona C P, De P I , et al. Effects of grazing abandonment on functional and taxonomic diversity of Mediterranean grasslands[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2012,152(10):27-32.
[60]	Cingolani A M, Cabido M R, Renison D , et al. Combined effects of environment and grazing on vegetation structure in Argentine granite grasslands[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2010,14(2):223-232.
[61]	Harrison S, Inouye B D, Safford H D . Ecological Heterogeneity in the Effects of Grazing and Fire on Grassland Diversity[J]. Conservation Biology, 2010,17(3):837-845.
[62]	殷国梅, 张英俊, 王明莹 , 等. 短期围封对草甸草原群落特征与物种多样性的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2014,36(3):61-66.
[63]	Sternberg M, Gutman M, Perevolotsky A . Vegetation response to grazing management in a Mediterranean herbaceous community: a functional group approach[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000,37:224-237.
[64]	关世英, 齐沛钦, 康师安 , 等. 不同牧压强度对草原土壤养分含量的影响初析[A]. 中国科学院海北高寒草旬生态系统定位站.草原生态系统研究(第5集)[C]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1997: 17-22.
[65]	Milchunas D G, Lauenroth W K . Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a range of environments[J]. Ecol ogi cal Monog raphs, 1993,63:327-366.