Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.8 Published:15 March 2020

  Influence Factors and Mechanism of Rice Grain Filling: Research Progress Shi Wei, Zhu Guoyong, Sun Mingfa, Wang Aimin, Chen Zhongbing, Yan Guohong 2020, 36 (8):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020022 Abstract + ( 421 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1150KB )   ( 272 ) Rice grain filling is the most important physiological process of grain formation, and it is also the decisive stage of grain weight, yield and rice quality. To fully understand the intrinsic characteristics of rice grain filling and promote high-yield cultivation and good quality breeding of rice, the biological characteristics, physiological mechanism, endogenous hormones, enzyme activities, gene, proteins and environmental factors affecting rice grain filling are summarized. Meanwhile, the research direction of rice grain filling is discussed, and the possibility of studying grain filling mechanism in molecular biology such as proteomics, genomics and gene expression is also put forward.

  Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on Spring Wheat Yield, Soil Water Content and Available Nitrogen Content in Loess Plateau of Central Gansu Chen Zhiming, Li Guang, Wu Jianguo, Yan Lijuan 2020, 36 (8):  8-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010054 Abstract + ( 522 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2007KB )   ( 225 ) The aim is to study the best combination of irrigation and nitrogen application affecting the yield of wheat. Spring wheat ‘Dingxi 42’ was used as material. Water-nitrogen interaction method was adopted with four kinds of irrigation quantities (water depth per unit area 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm) and three fertilizer application methods (40 kg/hm 2 pure nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage, 40 kg/hm 2 pure nitrogen fertilizer at flowering stage, 40 kg/hm 2 and 50 kg/hm 2 pure nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage and flowering stage). (1) The yields of wheat were all the highest when the irrigation amount was 150 mm and the nitrogen fertilizer was 40 kg/hm 2 at flowering stage. (2) The water content of the three soil layers were the highest when the irrigation amount was 150 mm, the order of water content in three soil layers was tillering stage < flowering stage < jointing stage under different nitrogen application treatments. (3) The water consumption of wheat plant increased with the increase of irrigation, water use efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. (4) When irrigation amount was 150 mm at tillering stage, nitrate nitrogen content in three soil layers was the highest; at jointing stage, the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer was the highest; at flowering stage, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in three soil layers were the highest when the irrigation amount was 150 mm and pure nitrogen fertilizer was 40 kg/hm 2. The combination of 150 mm irrigation depth per unit area and 40 kg/hm 2 pure nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage is the most beneficial to the yield of spring wheat, soil available nitrogen content and water conservation in Loess Plateau of Central Gansu.

  Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Wheat Yield: Tillage Methods in Arid Farmland in Ili River Valley Chen Chuanxin, Sailihan Sai, Zhang Yongqiang, Xue Lihua, Lei Junjie, Chen Xingwu, Liu Yunxiao, Liu Xinyan, Wu Wei, Kuledana Kadaerjiang 2020, 36 (8):  17-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040024 Abstract + ( 670 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1395KB )   ( 205 ) The aim is to explore the effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties and wheat growth in arid farmland of Xinjiang. The soil bulk density, porosity, soil water content, soil three-phase ratio and wheat yield were measured by field sampling and laboratory drying weighing under three tillage modes of no-tillage, traditional tillage and subsoiling. The results showed that soil bulk density, porosity, water content, three-phase ratio R and yield showed some differences under different tillage methods. Compared with no-tillage, traditional tillage and subsoiling reduced soil bulk density, increased soil porosity and soil water content, and improved the three-phase ratio of soil. In particular, the subsoiling treatment significantly improved soil bulk density and porosity, and obtained the highest yield of wheat, which increased by 20.71% and 24.28% respectively compared with that of traditional tillage and no-tillage. Therefore, subsoiling is conducive to improving soil structure, soil physical properties and wheat yield.

  Straw Returning and Nitrogen Reduction: Effects on Physicochemical Properties of Mortar Black Soil and Wheat Yield Huang Keming, Tong Haotian, Han Yanlai, Li Peipei 2020, 36 (8):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030112 Abstract + ( 682 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 138 ) To guide the application of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase in wheat production in mortar black soil area, a field experiment was conducted under wheat/maize rotation system in south Henan Province. A split-plot design was conducted with straw returning as main-plot factor and different nitrogen fertilizer applications as split-plot factor, including: 0% (no nitrogen fertilizer, CK), common urea 100% (farmers’ habit fertilization, urea N100), common urea 70% (urea N70), and loss-control urea 70% (CLU N70). The results showed that the soil bulk density of the urea N70 and CLU N70 treatments significantly decreased by 12.3% and 17.9%, respectively, and the soil total nitrogen significantly increased by 25.0% and 27.3%, respectively, compared with the non-returning treatments of nitrogen reduction. However, there was no significant difference among the different nitrogen treatments under straw returning. Compared with the corresponding non-returning treatments, the soil organic matter of urea N70, CLU N70 and CK treatments under straw returning were significantly increased by 38.6%, 30.5% and 30.6%, respectively. Straw returning significantly affected the soil bulk density, total nitrogen and organic matter, but no significant differences were detected among fertilization treatments. Nitrogen use efficiency (NRE) and nitrogen fertilizer harvesting index (NHI) of wheat showed the highest values in CLU N70 treatment but did not differ obviously from that in urea N100 and urea N70 treatment. The maximum wheat yield was observed in CLU N70 treatment under straw returning, and increased by 13.9% compared with that in non-returning urea N100 treatment. In summary, straw returning has stronger influence on soil physicochemical properties and wheat yield than nitrogen reduction (30% level); compared with 100% common urea, no significant difference of soil properties and wheat yield could be observed between 70% loss-control urea and 70% common urea.

  14 Introduced American Maize Inbred Lines: Combining Ability and Application Evaluation Zhang Xin, Lu Xiaomin, Cao Liru, Zhang Qianjin, Wei Xin, Guo Jinsheng, Wang Zhenhua 2020, 36 (8):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120012 Abstract + ( 432 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 84 ) To speed up the process of mechanization of maize breeding, it is important to screen out new germplasms of early-maturity, high density resistance, quick dehydration and suitability to mechanized harvest. 14 introduced American maize inbred lines were tested with the design of NCⅡ incomplete diallel cross method to study the combining ability and its genetic parameters of 11 characters. The results showed that IRF315 line could improve the production of the combinations, IRF313-1, IRF313-2 and B103 inbred lines could decrease the plant height and ear height of the combinations, inbred lines of PHG7, PHK76, PHW43, PHJ89, 3IBI3, B103 and PHJ40 could accelerate the dehydration rate of the combinations and could be used directly in production. IRF313-1 × Zheng718 and IRF315 × Zheng58 combination had strong hybrid vigor and potentiality of yield increase. In maize breeding, the 4 characters such as plant height should be selected in early generation and the 4 characters such as ear width should be selected in later generation.

  A New Sweet Potato Cultivar ‘Rongzishu No.5’ with Purple Flesh and Good Quality: Breeding and Cultivation Technique Guo Dezhang 2020, 36 (8):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900680 Abstract + ( 485 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 65 ) This study is to investigate and verify the optimum breeding strategy of edible-type sweet potato with purple flesh. A new edible-type sweet potato cultivar with purple flesh and good quality ‘Rongzishu No.5’ was bred from female parent ‘Chuanshanzi’ with purple flesh and good quality from Japan, and male parent ‘Jishu No.6-8’ with high yield and high sugar content by sexual hybridization and systemic selection. The cultivar was selected, compared and identified through multi-spots trial from 2011 to 2013, and tested in Fujian Provincial Sweet Potato Regional Trial from 2014 to 2015. The morphological characteristics, agronomic characteristics, quality characteristics, disease resistance, productivity and adaptability of ‘Rongzishu No.5’ were studied. The results show that ‘Rongzishu No.5’ is a mid-late ripening variety, its growth period is 135 days, it has strong sprouting capacity and medium branching ability, the canopy is steady vigor during the whole growth period and the tuberization is concentrative. In Fujian Provincial Sweet Potato Regional Trial (2014-2015), the average yield of fresh tuberous root of ‘Rongzishu No.5’ was 30.24 t/hm 2, the average dry matter rate was 30.12%, the average starch rate was 19.84%, the test value of cooked taste was 81.6 and 1.6 points higher than CK, the test value of extrinsic feature was 81.3 and 1.3 points higher than that of CK. The concentration of anthocyanin was 26.95 mg/100 g FW. The rate of large and medium-sized tuberous root was 68.7%. The results of comprehensive identification in Fujian Provincial Sweet Potato Regional Trial indicate that ‘Rongzishu No.5’ has a semi-erect architecture with medium length vine; the yield of fresh tuberous root, dry tuberous root and starch are higher than those of CK, the dry matter rate and starch rate are equivalent to those of CK, the qualities of cooked taste and extrinsic feature are superior to those of CK. ‘Rongzishu No.5’ has resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and moderate resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum wilt, the storability of tuberous root is fine. The variety meets the approval standard of edible-type sweet potato varieties and could be widely cultured in south China.

  Biological Characteristics of Actinidia eriantha ‘Ganmi 6’ Liao Guanglian, Chen Lu, Gao Xinyue, Huang Chunhui, Zhong Min, Tao Junjie, Qu Xueyan, Xu Xiaobiao 2020, 36 (8):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010064 Abstract + ( 386 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1219KB )   ( 40 ) To provide references for formulating cultivation and management measures of ‘Ganmi 6’, the main biological characteristics were observed by field observation and laboratory testing. The results showed that the bleeding period was in mid-February, the initial flowering period was in early May, the full-bloom period was in late May, the fruit ripening period was in late October, and ‘Ganmi 6’ was a late maturing variety in Fengxin area of Jiangxi Province. ‘Ganmi 6’ had shallow and succulent roots, and the main roots were fibrous roots. Flowers were unisexual and typical dichasium, the average number of flowers per plant was 550-675, the flower was red and highly ornamental. The fruiting branches were medium and long fruit branch and accounted for 66.0% and 28.5%, respectively. The fruit was long cylindrical, the average fruit weight was 72.5 g, and the maximum single fruit weight was 96 g. The average content of Vc, total sugar, titratable acid and SSC was 829.23 mg/100 g, 11.31%, 1.32% and 14.42%, respectively. The biological characteristics of ‘Ganmi 6’ are genetically stable and the variety has a high development prospect.

  Rapeseed-Grass Mixed Sowing Patterns: Effects on Rapeseed Production and Grassland Productivity Liu Yong, Ma Xiang, Qin Yan 2020, 36 (8):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000745 Abstract + ( 453 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1389KB )   ( 46 ) To screen the pasture types which have the highest mixed sowing benefit with rapeseed in Menyuan, solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of rapeseed and improve the productivity of grassland in high altitude area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we conducted the samplings in different periods to study the effects of rapeseed mixed with common vetch, hulless barley and oats on the productivity of pasture, and judged the advantages and disadvantages of each mixed combination by the land equivalent ratio. The results showed that: the rapeseed-oat mixed sowing had the highest dry weight on July 6 with a unit area of 174.48 g; on July 21, the fresh weight and fresh-to-dry ratio were both the highest, and the plant height was 97.02% significantly higher than that of rapeseed monoculture on August 15 (P<0.05), and the highest fresh weight was 2817.00 g; on September 11, the plant height of rapeseed-hulless barley and rapeseed-oat mixed sowing was significantly higher than that of rapeseed monoculture (P<0.05), by 64.33% and 99.68%, respectively; the highest dry weight was 589.00 g, 147.51% higher than that of rapeseed monoculture. In conclusion, the mixed sowing of rapeseed-common vetch and rapeseed-oat both have the advantage of yield, and the rapeseed-oat mixed sowing has the highest land equivalent ratio of 1.11 with the best land use effect.

  Effects of Magnetic Field on Seed Germination and Seedling Stress Resistance of Bupleurum chinense Zhang Ruibo, Yuan Xiaojing, Zou Hongfei, Gao Yingbin, Qin Haiyan 2020, 36 (8):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030058 Abstract + ( 350 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 35 ) The effects of magnetic field with different intensities and different processing time on seed germination and seedling stress resistance of Bupleurum chinense were studied in order to provide a basis for artificial cultivation of B.chinense. Adopted a double-layer filter paper culture method, the treated seeds were cultured in the incubator at 25℃ with 40% light. The germination rate, germination energy and the shoot height of the seedling were recorded. The physiological indexes such as chlorophyll content and enzymatic activities of CAT, POD and SOD in leaves were measured. The germination rate, germination energy, enzymatic activities of CAT, POD and SOD in most treated seeds and seedlings were higher than that in the control, the germination rate and enzymatic activity of POD and SOD were the highest under the condition of 100 mT, 55 min. Meanwhile, the seed vigor decreased with the prolonged store time of the seeds. The proper magnetic field can significantly promote seed germination and stress resistance of B.chinense, which is of great significance to artificial cultivation of B. chinense.

  Effects of Different Films on Peanut Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrients’ Change Gao Xuhua, Huang Yaozhu, Xie Dong 2020, 36 (8):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110132 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 77 ) In view of the environmental pollution caused by the common mulch film used in peanut planting, we compared the effects of biodegradable films (BD), common plastic films (PE) and non-cover films (CK) on the nutrient absorption of peanuts, soil nutrient and yield of peanuts at different growth stages through a field test. The results showed that: the yield of PE and BD in the harvesting period was 7908.09 and 6868.92 kg/hm 2, respectively, significantly increased by 25.85% and 21.78% compared with that of CK; the content of alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil treated by PE and BD showed a trend of "first decrease and then increase", while the available potassium content showed a decline trend, which was the maximum at the seedling stage, and then gradually decreased; under different films, the nutrient uptake of the aerial parts of peanut plants increased gradually; the cumulative absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at peanut growth stages showed PE>BD>CK. The experiment was carried out from the aspects of soil nutrient and nutrient absorption and utilization of peanut, and could provide a basis for the application of biodegradable film in peanut production.

  Physiological Characteristics and Stress Resistance of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica: in Artificial Wetland Sewage Treatment System Zhao Yufei, Mao Wei, Pang Lixin, Li Ruijin, Li Suqing 2020, 36 (8):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010039 Abstract + ( 566 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 112 ) To compare the physiological characteristics and stress resistance of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica in artificial wetland sewage treatment system, the artificial wetland system of Xiangfen County Wastewater Treatment Plant in Shanxi Province was selected in this study. The leaf and root samples of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica in wetland and control soil were collected, and the physiological indexes and stress resistance indexes were measured. The basic physical and chemical properties of the wetland were also detected. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica leaves in the wetland were increased compared with those of the control (from 23.56 mg/g, 15.89 mg/g; 0.98 g/L, 1.43 g/L; 0.11 nmol/mg protein, 0.29 nmol/mg protein increased to 44.27 mg/g, 33.17 mg/g; 2.10 g/L, 2.61 g/L; 0.7 nmol/mg protein, 1.01 nmol/mg protein, respectively), but there was no obvious difference. The SOD activities in leaves, the soluble protein contents and CYP450 activities in roots of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica were significantly enhanced compared with those of the control (from 0.32 U/mg protein, 32.68 U/mg protein; 0.09 g/L, 0.38 g/L; 176.98 U/mg protein, 39.96 U/mg protein increased to 54.73 U/mg protein, 43.79 U/mg protein; 0.11 g/L, 0.45 g/L; 361.46 U/mg protein, 50.79 U/mg protein, respectively). Compared with Zizania aquatica, the MDA content in Phragmites communis in the wetland was lower, while the activities of SOD and CYP450 were higher. These results suggest that both Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica are good restoration plants in artificial wetland. The interaction of SOD and CYP450 and the increase of soluble protein and chlorophyll showing an adaptive response of plants to stress, and the stress resistance ability of Phragmites communis is relatively better than that of Zizania aquatica. Besides, there is a significantly positive correlation between Phragmites communis root soluble protein or Zizania aquatica root SOD and phosphorus (P) or potassium (K) in roots, indicating that plant biochemical indicators are closely related to soil nutrients.

  Soil Moisture and Temperature in Cherry Orchard: Variation Characteristics and Response to Meteorological Factors Yang Rongzan, Ding Yanping, Liu Youmei, Liu Yanyang, Tian Lin, Wang Long 2020, 36 (8):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040057 Abstract + ( 527 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 76 ) The paper aims to provide references for irrigation management and soil moisture prediction in cherry orchards. Based on the measured soil moisture, soil temperature and meteorological data, we analyzed the soil moisture and temperature characteristics, interrelationships and the statistical relationships with meteorological factors. The results showed that: the soil moisture in each layer of cherry orchard had different variation characteristics and had wave-mode supply and consumption under the combined action of precipitation and evapotranspiration; the change of soil temperature during the year was roughly an inverted "V" type; with the increase of soil depth, the stability of soil moisture and temperature increased; the change trend of soil moisture and soil temperature was synchronous, which was basically characterized by the simultaneous phenomenon of moisture and temperature. At different time scales, the main meteorological factors affected soil moisture during the dry and rainy season were different; with the increase of time scale, the response of soil temperature was more significant to air temperature. In conclusion, there is a cumulative effect in the response of soil moisture and temperature to meteorological factors, and the study could provide references for selecting forecast factors for soil moisture.

  Temperature Changes in Zhejiang from 1900 to 2010 Based on ERA20C Wu Haomin, Jiang Yanmin 2020, 36 (8):  73-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100091 Abstract + ( 439 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2513KB )   ( 127 ) Using the ERA20C monthly reanalysis dataset from 1900 to 2010, inter-annual and inter-decadal variability and spatial and temporal distribution of temperature in Zhejiang Province were analyzed, the mutation of temperature was tested. Then the time scale was refined, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of temperature in the four seasons were analyzed. The results showed that the annual average temperature of Zhejiang Province was 16.0℃, significantly increased by 0.9℃ in the past 111 years. Low-value air temperature areas were mainly located in the central and western of Zhejiang, while the high-value areas mainly located in coastal areas. The highest annual temperature variability appeared in the northwestern part of Zhejiang, while the least appeared in the southeastern coastal areas. The Mann-Kendall test showed that there was a mutation in 1947, which was from slow change to rapid warming. Except winter, the spring, summer and autumn showed significant warming trends, especially in summer, with a significant warming trend of 0.13℃/10 a, rising 1.4℃ during the 111 years. The temperature in spring in Zhejiang showed an obvious increasing trend from northeast to southwest. The temperature gradient in summer was large, increased from southwest to northeast, and was quite different from the latitudinal distribution of the climatic zone. The temperature distribution in autumn was similar to the annual average. In winter, the temperature was decreasing along the coastline to the inland (eastern Zhejiang) and decreased from south to north (western Zhejiang).

  Antifungal Activity Against Rhizoctonia solani: Mixtures of Phenolic Monoterpenes and Difenoconazole or Thifluzamide Wang Kaibo, Wu Wenwei, Wang Qun, Yin Mei, Zhang Xingfu, Yang Congdang, Fu Zhaocong, Li Qiongxian, Pu Jun, Huang Jimei, He Chengxing 2020, 36 (8):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100030 Abstract + ( 660 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 47 ) The aim is to explore the control effect of the mixtures of phenolic monoterpenes and fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani and screen new fungicides to control corn sheath blight and rice sheath blight. In this study, thymol and carvacrol were mixed with difenoconazole and thifluzamide respectively, and the in vitro antifungal activity of the mixtures against R. solani was determined by mycelium growth rate method. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of the mixture of phenolic monoterpenes with fungicides were evaluated according to Sun-Yunpei’s method. The results showed that there was synergism between phenolic monoterpenes and thifluzamide in ratios of 1:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1 and 5:1. The carvacrol and thifluzamide mixture in the ratio of 4:1 exhibited the highest antifungal activity among all of the mixtures, and the EC50 value and CTC value was 0.928 mg/L and 1397.39, respectively. Similarly, the carvacrol and difenoconazole mixtures in the ratio of 3:2, 4:1 and 5:1, as well as thymol and difenoconazole mixtures in the ratio of 2:3, 4:1 and 5:1, exhibited significant synergistic effect. Thymol and carvacrol could significantly enhance the antifungal activity of difenoconazole or thifluzamide. The carvacrol and thifluzamide mixture in the ratio of 4:1 exhibited high antifungal activity against R. solani, and this mixture could be potentially used to control corn sheath blight and rice sheath blight. When mixed with some fungicides at a certain ratio, the two natural phenolic monoterpenes could significantly enhance their antifungal activity, which has a high research value to the development and screening of fungicide.

  The Mechanism of Plant Odor Reaction of Scarab: Research Advances Zhou Xuling, Hu Zengli, Zhang Weizhong, Zhao Longlong, Li Jie, Li Qingliang, Liu Zhaohong, Han Feng, Du Haiyan 2020, 36 (8):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110099 Abstract + ( 476 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 53 ) Scarabs are harmful to horticultural crops and not easy to control. At present, chemical control is the mainstay, but the large application amount of chemical pesticides could cause environmental pollution and pesticide residue. The use of agricultural measures as intercropping trap or repel plant is an effective way to control chafers. Based on the plant avoidance phenomenon of chafer, we reviewed the research progress of the motility mechanism of the chafer on plant odor from the aspects of plant volatiles gas composition and screening, antennae structure of the chafer, olfactory related protein and so on. It indicated that the plant could be used for trapping or repellent of the chafer, and intercropping of different crops in field could prevent and control the chafer; the most widely used method for evaluating and screening the volatile odor which had a role in the chafer was electroantennography and related techniques; the research on various olfactory proteins of chafers mainly focused on the function and localization of odor-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins. Through this review, we summarize the research focus of chafer and plant interaction, and provide a direction for future research.

  Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from Mastitis and Non-mastitis Milk in Shandong Zhang Qingqing, Liu Na, Wang Juan, Zhao Ge, Zhao Jianmei, Li Yuehua, Huang Xiumei, Gai Wenyan, Qu Zhina, Liu Huanqi 2020, 36 (8):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110008 Abstract + ( 346 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 34 ) To understand the prevalence and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in different types of milk in Shandong, bacterial isolation, identification and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test were carried out on mastitis and non-mastitis milk samples from 37 farms. The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were carried by conventional method and PCR technology, the MIC test was conducted with broth micro dilution methods and the data were analyzed by chi-square test. ①A total of 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with the detection rate of 11.26% (150/1332), and the milk samples of mastitis was significantly higher than that of non-mastitis (P=0.009). ②The distribution tend of MIC of 12 drugs was roughly the same as that of EUCAST. ③The isolated strains were the most resistant to penicillin (91.38%), and there was a significant difference in mastitis and non-mastitis milk samples (P=0.047). ④In 116 separation strains, there were 34 (29.31%) strains of multiple resistance (≥3) and there was no significant difference in mastitis and non-mastitis milk (P=0.611). ⑤The resistance rate of six drugs in Weihai was more than 60% and the resistance rate of only one or two drugs in other regions was above 50%. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in mastitis milk samples was significantly higher than that in non-mastitis milk samples. The isolated strain was highly resistant to penicillin and the problem of multiple drug resistance of mastitis milk samples was serious. Different regions showed different levels of drug resistance.

  Grazing: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Vegetation Diversity Gao Chengfang, Zhang Xiaopei, Li Zhaolong 2020, 36 (8):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020052 Abstract + ( 620 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 46 ) Grazing is one of the ways of raising livestock, and also the simplest and most effective way of utilizing grassland. But livestock could affect grassland vegetation and soil through forage grazing, trampling on soil and forage, and feces excretion, so the effects of different intensities of grazing on soil and vegetation are different. This paper summarized the effects of livestock grazing on underground soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil bulk density, organic carbon and microbial diversity, vegetation diversity and grass composition, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for study livestock grazing behavior and scientific grazing.

  Silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris Cultivation in Larvae of Three Guangxi Silkworm Varieties: A Comparative Analysis Wu Jingjing, Zhou Xiaoling, Dong Guiqing, Lu Chunxia, Liang Guiqiu, Chen Zhi, Lu Fei, Mao Hongbin, Shi Weitao 2020, 36 (8):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020023 Abstract + ( 348 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 148 ) The aim is to screen out the silkworm varieties suitable for producing high-quality and high-yield silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris, and to provide references for the comprehensive utilization of sericulture industry resources in Guangxi. The most suitable strain was screened out from three different strains of Cordyceps militaris, and inoculated into the larvae of three Guangxi silkworm varieties to cultivate silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris. Through investigating the morphology and characteristics of silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris and detecting the contents of biological active components, the most suitable silkworm variety for the culture of Cordyceps militaris was selected. The results showed that the silkworm body and the growth of mycelium of strain A were the best and could be used as the best inoculated strain. ‘Liangguang 2 (orthogonal)’ variety had the best morphology and characteristics of silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris in three silkworm varieties. The total mass of silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris was 1.361 g, the mass of batrytictic silkworm body was 1.028 g, the total number of sporophores was 10.489 and the length of sporophores was 9.411 cm. ‘Liangguang 2 (orthogonal)’ variety also had the highest content of cordycepin and adenosine in silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris, which was 4.84 mg/g and 1.79 mg/g, respectively. The contents of cordycepin in the three species of silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris pedestal were all higher than that in the sporophore. ‘Liangguang 2 (orthogonal)’ had the highest content of cordycepin in the silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris pedestal and sporophore, which was 7.93 mg/g and 4.79 mg/g, respectively. The contents of sporophore in the three species of silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris sporophore were all higher than that in the pedestal. ‘Liangguang 2 (orthogonal)’ had the highest content of cordyceps adenosine in the silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris pedestal and sporophore, which was 3.51 mg/g and 6.39 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that the Guangxi silkworm variety ‘Liangguang 2 (orthogonal)’ had better silkworm-hosted Cordyceps militaris index and quality, and could be used as the superior resource.

  Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based Remote Sensing in Forest Resources Monitoring: A Review Ren Yanzhong, Wang Di, Li Yitao, Wang Xiaojun 2020, 36 (8):  111-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010104 Abstract + ( 326 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 63 ) To provide a basis for the application research of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based Remote Sensing (UAVRS) in forest resources monitoring, we summarized the technical flow of UAVRS in forest resources monitoring, concluded the sensor types commonly used, and analyzed the application and performance of UAVRS in forest disease and pest monitoring, stand tree height measurement, forest canopy structure and attribute determination, tree species composition recognition, and forest biomass measuring. The conclusions show that using UAVRS equipped with various types of sensors to collect forest information will be an important research direction in forest resources monitoring in the future; and that the information extraction of the forest structure parameters in a manner of digitization, informationization and automation will be the development trend of UAVRS in forest resources monitoring. In addition, the UAVRS equipped with diversified sensors and the miniaturization and commercialization of sensors will further promote the precise monitoring of forest resources.

  Research Situation of Degradable Mulching Film: Bibliometric Analysis Based on CNKI Journals Yu Xianfeng, Zhao Jijun 2020, 36 (8):  119-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110058 Abstract + ( 267 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 46 ) CNKI network database is chosen to analyze the research situation of degradable mulching film in China during 1987-2018 by bibliometrics. The results showed that the number of literatures on degradable mulching film was relatively small, but increased in the past 10 years; all regions in China were covered by the researches, Xinjiang, Gansu and Shandong were the top three regions. The research information sources were widely distributed, but there were few high-quality journals; the researchers were scattered and the core authors were not prominent; scientific research institutes and universities were the main research units, and most of the studies focused on the effect of degradable mulching film on soil hydrothermal and crop yield, but the research on degradation mechanism and environmental safety were relatively lacking. It is suggested that the research direction of degradable mulching film in the future should meet the requirements of functionality, operability, controllability, economical efficiency, safety and compatibility.

  Bibliometrics Research Status of Piriformospora indica Wang Xiaohui, Sui Xin, Fan Xiaoxu, Song Fuqiang 2020, 36 (8):  127-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110071 Abstract + ( 564 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 46 ) To further clarify the global status and research hotspots of Piriformospora indica, based on the Science Citation Expanded (SCIE) database of Web of Science platform, the bibliometric analysis of SCI literature in P. indica field from 2008 to 2018 is carried out, and the research focus and future development trend in this field are discussed. The results show that there are 392 papers about P. indica in 2008-2018, the literature output is on the rise, and the highest number is in 2017; Germany, India, the United States, China and Iran are the top 5 in the world in terms of papers’ number, of which Germany has the largest number of 118; Giessen University and Jena University are the top 2 research institutes in the world in terms of publications; the most influential core author comes from India; the main core journals are SYMBIOSIS, MOLECULAR PLANT MICROBE INTERACTIONS and NEW PHYTOLOGIST; the main disciplines are plant science, microbiology and biotechnology. Overall, Germany and India are in the dominant position in research field of P. indica, in which China is still on the initial stage, scholars should pay more attention to this field.

  Research Progress of Watermelon Price Based on Bibliometric Method Wang Yu, Zhang Xining, Hu Baogui 2020, 36 (8):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010130 Abstract + ( 529 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1173KB )   ( 116 ) The paper aims to hackle the research progress on the price of domestic watermelon industry, expound its history and present situation, to provide direction for further research. We analyzed the publishing time and journal distribution, research themes and subjects of 256 papers by bibliometric and content analysis, and found that there are three research stages of the watermelon price in China. The first is the guidance for industry (1982-2003), focusing on industry guidance and price control policy research; then is the industry guidance combined with academic research (2004-2007), industry guidance literature reached its peak, fundamental research began to appear; and the last one is the thorough theoretical analysis (2008-2018), mainly fundamental research. The evolution of those stages shows the nature of inheritance and innovation. In the end, we discuss the prospect of the watermelon price research from the aspects of price prediction, risk and uncertainty, the development of refined and deep processing of watermelon and the establishment of price indexes.

  Muscle Nutritional Components in Four Hybrid Offspring of Oreochromis niloticus× O. aureus: A Comparative Analysis Xiao Wei, Li Dayu, Zhu Lin, Zou Zhiying, Yu Jie, Yang Hong 2020, 36 (8):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020034 Abstract + ( 497 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1171KB )   ( 96 ) To investigate the effects of different parental genetic backgrounds on the muscle nutrients of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus× O. aureus), we compared the muscle nutrient composition differences among four varieties of hybrid tilapia. The contents of nutritional components, amino acid and fatty acid were analyzed by common methods. The results showed that the moisture content of the four varieties of hybrid tilapia was 79.19%-79.82%, the crude protein content was 17.44%-18.03%, the crude lipid content was 2.13%-2.25%, and the ash content was 0.90%-0.99%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the varieties (P > 0.05) in the above four nutritional components. The total amounts of essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) were similar among different varieties of hybrid tilapia, but the contents of arginine, phenylalanine, threonine and alanine were significantly affected by the parental genetic backgrounds (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) among the hybrid varieties (P > 0.05). However, the total amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly influenced by female parents (P < 0.05). The present results could clarify the effect of parental selection on muscle nutrient composition difference in hybrid tilapia varieties, and provide technical assistance in obtaining hybrid tilapia fry of better muscle quality.

  Muscle Nutrient Composition of Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) Under Different Culture Modes: Comparison and Analysis Guan Chongwu, Yang Jing, Shan Jianjun, Zhang Haigeng, Song Hongqiao 2020, 36 (8):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010019 Abstract + ( 330 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 82 ) To understand the nutrient composition of fish muscle under the condition of recirculating aquaculture system, and to study the quality control of fish, in this study, the nutrient composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) muscle were compared in recirculating aquaculture system and in ponds under simulated wild conditions. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the general nutrient composition between the two conditions. 17 kinds of amino acids were detected, and there was no significant difference in the content of each component of amino acid between the two conditions. Amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS) showed that the first restrictive amino acid in recirculating aquaculture system was methionine, the lysine scored the highest among essential amino acids, and essential amino acid index (EAAI) in recirculating aquaculture system was higher than that in pond aquaculture system. The circulating water group detected 20 kinds of fatty acids and the pond group detected 14 kinds of fatty acids, there was no significant difference in the total amount of fatty acids between the two groups. There were significant differences in the composition of fatty acids. Among them, DHA was significantly higher in the circulating water group than in the pond group. In conclusion, the nutritive value of the muscle of Russian sturgeon under the recirculating aquaculture system is no less than that under the simulated wild condition pond.

  Total RNA of the Body Wall of Phasolosma esculenta: An Effective Extraction Method Xue Xi, Zheng Tingting, Li Huizhen, Wang Fang 2020, 36 (8):  151-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030003 Abstract + ( 352 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 36 ) The paper aims to extract high quality RNA from the body wall of Phasolosma esculenta for further molecular biology researches. We extracted total RNA from the body wall of Phasolosma esculenta by the modified Trizol extraction method, the Trizol reagent method and the hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) method, and compared the effects of different methods on total RNA extraction by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that: after the agarose gel electrophoresis of the total RNA extracted by the modified Trizol extraction method, we could see clear and complete 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA and 5S rRNA bands with no smear; however, the total RNA electrophoresis bands extracted by the Trizol reagent method and the CTAB method had poor integrity and lacked 28S rRNA. The Trizol reagent method and the CTAB method are not suitable for the extraction of total RNA from the body wall of the Phasolosma esculenta. The electrophoresis bands of the total RNA extracted by the modified Trizol extraction method are clear and have a good integrity, their quality meet the requirements of cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR amplification and other follow-up experiments.

  Feeding and Non-feeding Breeding of FFRC Common Carp in Paddy Fields: Economic Benefits Analysis Fan Haiping, Xue Lingzhan, Yang Xiaoyan, Zhong Quanfu, Qin Zhiqing, Huang Derong, Zhang Shuxing 2020, 36 (8):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010044 Abstract + ( 393 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 45 ) The study aims to compare and analyze the effects of feeding and non-feeding breeding on growth of FFRC common Carp in paddy fields, and evaluate the economic benefits. We carried out the test of non-feeding and feeding with different densities of FFRC common Carp in paddy fields in Wuyishan area of Fujian. The results showed that: after 74 days of breeding, the daily average weight increment, the average instantaneous growth rate and the average weight of feeding group FFRC common Carp (NO.2 group, NO.3 group) was 2.96 times and 2.31 times, 2.67 times and 2.14 times, 1.52 times and 1.44 times as much as that of non-feeding group FFRC common Carp (NO.1 group), respectively; the growth rate and the average size of FFRC common Carp under different densities had no obvious differences (P>0.05), while, the difference of yield per unit area was great; the average unit profit of NO.1 group was 2.12 Yuan/kg, which was 1.1 times and 1.23 times as much as that of NO.2 group and NO.3 group, respectively; the difference of the marketing price led to no significant difference in the total profit of feeding and non-feeding breeding of FFRC common Carp in paddy fields. So, under the premise that there is a significant difference of the catch and the price, feeding is not necessary in paddy fields, but under the feeding condition, properly increasing stocking density is helpful to improve the yield per unit area and economic benefits of FFRC common Carp in paddy fields.

  "Land Finance" of Local Government Under the New Normal of Economy: Transformation Path Ma Xinwang, Xu Shan 2020, 36 (8):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000729 Abstract + ( 809 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 49 ) To improve the quality of economic development, adapt to the slowdown of economic growth under the new normal of economy, and gradually reduce the dependence of local governments on land finance, we explore the new way of land finance. Based on the methods of data analysis and empirical analysis, we analyze the emergence and influence of land finance in China and the dependence of local governments on land finance under the new normal of economy; and report the progressive land finance transformation path which consists of the land transfer fund system suitable for the actual situation, more references for the current evaluation standard of urbanization in China and the speeding up of the progress of real estate tax, to provide more adequate revenue for the local government during the period of land financial transformation, and guarantee the development of the real economy and promote the quality of China’s economic development.