Straw Returning and Nitrogen Reduction: Effects on Physicochemical Properties of Mortar Black Soil and Wheat Yield

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030112

Abstract

Abstract:

To guide the application of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase in wheat production in mortar black soil area, a field experiment was conducted under wheat/maize rotation system in south Henan Province. A split-plot design was conducted with straw returning as main-plot factor and different nitrogen fertilizer applications as split-plot factor, including: 0% (no nitrogen fertilizer, CK), common urea 100% (farmers’ habit fertilization, urea N100), common urea 70% (urea N70), and loss-control urea 70% (CLU N70). The results showed that the soil bulk density of the urea N70 and CLU N70 treatments significantly decreased by 12.3% and 17.9%, respectively, and the soil total nitrogen significantly increased by 25.0% and 27.3%, respectively, compared with the non-returning treatments of nitrogen reduction. However, there was no significant difference among the different nitrogen treatments under straw returning. Compared with the corresponding non-returning treatments, the soil organic matter of urea N70, CLU N70 and CK treatments under straw returning were significantly increased by 38.6%, 30.5% and 30.6%, respectively. Straw returning significantly affected the soil bulk density, total nitrogen and organic matter, but no significant differences were detected among fertilization treatments. Nitrogen use efficiency (NRE) and nitrogen fertilizer harvesting index (NHI) of wheat showed the highest values in CLU N70 treatment but did not differ obviously from that in urea N100 and urea N70 treatment. The maximum wheat yield was observed in CLU N70 treatment under straw returning, and increased by 13.9% compared with that in non-returning urea N100 treatment. In summary, straw returning has stronger influence on soil physicochemical properties and wheat yield than nitrogen reduction (30% level); compared with 100% common urea, no significant difference of soil properties and wheat yield could be observed between 70% loss-control urea and 70% common urea.

Key words: straw returning, loss-control urea, nitrogen reduction, soil physicochemical properties, nitrogen use efficiency

CLC Number:

Huang Keming, Tong Haotian, Han Yanlai, Li Peipei. Straw Returning and Nitrogen Reduction: Effects on Physicochemical Properties of Mortar Black Soil and Wheat Yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(8): 21-26.

Figures/Tables 5

References 30

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	施肥处理	土壤含水量/ %	土壤容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤全N/ (g/kg)	有机碳/ (g/kg)	速效P/ (mg/kg)	速效K/ (mg/kg)
还田	CK	18.3%	1.00bc	1.5a	15.4a	37.4ab	159.9ab
	普N100	18.0%	1.01abc	1.5a	15.1a	38.4ab	154.9ab
	普N70	18.6%	0.98c	1.4a	15.2a	41.2a	173.2a
	控N70	18.8%	0.94c	1.5a	15.0a	35.7ab	144.8b
不还田	CK	18.0%	1.07abc	1.2b	11.8b	33.1b	180.0a
	普N100	16.7%	1.05abc	1.2b	11.7b	35.7ab	161.5ab
	普N70	18.1%	1.11ab	1.2b	11.0b	30.0b	180.0a
	控N70	16.2%	1.15a	1.2b	11.5b	35.2ab	173.0a
秸秆还田与否		0.138	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.031	0.066
施肥		0.749	0.950	0.580	0.930	0.896	0.444
秸秆还田×施肥		0.706	0.210	0.709	0.956	0.192	0.716

	施肥处理	土壤含水量/ %	土壤容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤全N/ (g/kg)	有机碳/ (g/kg)	速效P/ (mg/kg)	速效K/ (mg/kg)
还田	CK	18.3%	1.00bc	1.5a	15.4a	37.4ab	159.9ab
	普N100	18.0%	1.01abc	1.5a	15.1a	38.4ab	154.9ab
	普N70	18.6%	0.98c	1.4a	15.2a	41.2a	173.2a
	控N70	18.8%	0.94c	1.5a	15.0a	35.7ab	144.8b
不还田	CK	18.0%	1.07abc	1.2b	11.8b	33.1b	180.0a
	普N100	16.7%	1.05abc	1.2b	11.7b	35.7ab	161.5ab
	普N70	18.1%	1.11ab	1.2b	11.0b	30.0b	180.0a
	控N70	16.2%	1.15a	1.2b	11.5b	35.2ab	173.0a
秸秆还田与否		0.138	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.031	0.066
施肥		0.749	0.950	0.580	0.930	0.896	0.444
秸秆还田×施肥		0.706	0.210	0.709	0.956	0.192	0.716

	施肥处理	公顷穗数/10⁴个	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g
还田	CK	534.8±29.3ab	36.9±4.2ab	39.8±1.1b
	普N100	529.9±81.1ab	39.2±3.1ab	35.1±1.5c
	普N70	571.4±33.0ab	42.7±5.3a	34.4±1.7c
	控N70	589.7±26.4ab	42.0±4.9ab	35.2±0.7c
不还田	CK	441.4±23.8b	36.2±8.3ab	45.8±3.4a
	普N100	542.1±19.7ab	37.4±1.6ab	38.1±3.0b
	普N70	648.4±35.3a	39.1±4.0ab	37.9±2.0b
	控N70	590.9±33.8ab	32.9±5.8b	37.7±0.5b
秸秆还田与否		0.982	0.078	0.000
施肥		0.070	0.490	0.000
秸秆还田×施肥		0.355	0.489	0.365

	施肥处理	公顷穗数/10⁴个	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g
还田	CK	534.8±29.3ab	36.9±4.2ab	39.8±1.1b
	普N100	529.9±81.1ab	39.2±3.1ab	35.1±1.5c
	普N70	571.4±33.0ab	42.7±5.3a	34.4±1.7c
	控N70	589.7±26.4ab	42.0±4.9ab	35.2±0.7c
不还田	CK	441.4±23.8b	36.2±8.3ab	45.8±3.4a
	普N100	542.1±19.7ab	37.4±1.6ab	38.1±3.0b
	普N70	648.4±35.3a	39.1±4.0ab	37.9±2.0b
	控N70	590.9±33.8ab	32.9±5.8b	37.7±0.5b
秸秆还田与否		0.982	0.078	0.000
施肥		0.070	0.490	0.000
秸秆还田×施肥		0.355	0.489	0.365

	施肥处理	地上部氮积累/(kg/hm²)	氮肥利用率/%	氮肥收获指数/%
还田	CK	184.31
	普N100	217.83	20.31	55.32
	普N70	218.38	29.50	57.39
	控N70	220.18	31.06	61.37
不还田	CK	184.74
	普N100	210.20	15.69	49.76
	普N70	217.74	34.51	54.20
	控N70	234.34	43.32	51.15