Effects of Urea Types and Irrigation Management on Water and Fertilizer Conservation in Maize Production

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100083

Abstract

Abstract:

Water and nitrogen management plays an important role in improving crop yield. We studied the effect of urea type and irrigation management on water saving and fertilizer preservation in maize to achieve the goal of high nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and high yield in field production. In 2016 to 2017, we carried out a two-year completely randomized block design experiment to discuss the effects of urea type (common urea and controlled release urea) and irrigation on soil and nitrogen utilization of maize. Two nitrogen levels were set for each urea type, 75 and 150 kg N/hm ² respectively, with no nitrogen application as the control. Water was set at two irrigation levels, namely, no irrigation during the whole growth period and 85 mm irrigation during the grouting period. The results showed that under the same irrigation and nitrogen application level, the nitrogen content of controlled release urea treatment was higher in soil layer of 0-40 cm, but the nitrogen content in deeper soil layer was lower than that in common urea treatment. Compared with no irrigation, irrigation increased nitrate nitrogen loss, but the loss of nitrate nitrogen in the treatment with controlled release urea was lower than that in the treatment with ordinary urea treatment. The application of controlled-release urea under irrigation conditions could improve the nitrogen absorption of maize and make more nitrogen transfer into grain. Compared with common urea, controlled-release urea improved the nitrogen utilization rate and reduced the dependence of soil on nitrogen demand. Controlled release of urea with low nitrogen could reduce the retention time of nitrate nitrogen in soil and absorbed by maize quickly, thus reducing the risk of nitrate nitrogen loss and improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization in soil. To sum up, the combination of controlled-release urea and a small amount of irrigation was suitable for high nitrogen use efficiency of maize and the production target of high yield field in semi-humid areas in north China.

Key words: irrigation, controlled-release urea, maize, nitrate nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency

CLC Number:

S513

Fu Min, Ding Wenchao, Hu Hengyu, Wei Anpei. Effects of Urea Types and Irrigation Management on Water and Fertilizer Conservation in Maize Production[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(4): 15-22.

Figures/Tables 7

References 40

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处理	籽粒氮素积累量(ANG)/(kg/hm²)	秸秆氮素积累量(ANS)/(kg/hm²)	氮素利用效率(NRE)/%	土壤氮依赖率(SND)/%
W0N0	85.2^j	56.6^j	—	—
W0N1	99.6^h	66.3^h	32.1^g	85.5^a
W0CN1	109.1^f	76.8^f	58.8^a	76.3^c
W0N2	118.6^d	89.9^d	44.5^e	68.0^e
W0CN2	125.5^b	97.6^b	54.2^c	63.6^g
W1N0	88.0ⁱ	59.7ⁱ	—	—
W1N1	103.0^g	68.8^g	32.1^g	86.0^a
W1CN1	111.2^e	78.0^e	55.3^b	78.1^b
W1N2	120.2^c	93.2^c	43.8^f	69.2^d
W1CN2	128.1^a	99.5^a	53.3^d	64.9^f

处理	籽粒氮素积累量(ANG)/(kg/hm²)	秸秆氮素积累量(ANS)/(kg/hm²)	氮素利用效率(NRE)/%	土壤氮依赖率(SND)/%
W0N0	85.2^j	56.6^j	—	—
W0N1	99.6^h	66.3^h	32.1^g	85.5^a
W0CN1	109.1^f	76.8^f	58.8^a	76.3^c
W0N2	118.6^d	89.9^d	44.5^e	68.0^e
W0CN2	125.5^b	97.6^b	54.2^c	63.6^g
W1N0	88.0ⁱ	59.7ⁱ	—	—
W1N1	103.0^g	68.8^g	32.1^g	86.0^a
W1CN1	111.2^e	78.0^e	55.3^b	78.1^b
W1N2	120.2^c	93.2^c	43.8^f	69.2^d
W1CN2	128.1^a	99.5^a	53.3^d	64.9^f

处理	籽粒氮素积累量(ANG)/(kg/hm²)	秸秆氮素积累量(ANS)/(kg/hm²)	氮素利用效率(NRE)/%	土壤氮依赖率(SND)/%
W0N0	86.3^j	57.5^j	—	—
W0N1	99.7^h	67.8^h	31.6^h	85.9^a
W0CN1	108.6^f	78.0^f	57.1^a	77.1^c
W0N2	119.2^d	94.3^c	46.5^e	67.4^e
W0CN2	125.9^b	99.7^b	54.5c	63.7^g
W1N0	88.6ⁱ	59.7ⁱ	—	—
W1N1	103.7^g	68.8^g	32.3^g	86.0^a
W1CN1	111.8^e	78.7^e	56.3^b	77.8^b
W1N2	121.9^c	92.9^d	44.3^f	69.0^d
W1CN2	127.6^a	100.6^a	53.3^d	65.0^f

处理	籽粒氮素积累量(ANG)/(kg/hm²)	秸秆氮素积累量(ANS)/(kg/hm²)	氮素利用效率(NRE)/%	土壤氮依赖率(SND)/%
W0N0	86.3^j	57.5^j	—	—
W0N1	99.7^h	67.8^h	31.6^h	85.9^a
W0CN1	108.6^f	78.0^f	57.1^a	77.1^c
W0N2	119.2^d	94.3^c	46.5^e	67.4^e
W0CN2	125.9^b	99.7^b	54.5c	63.7^g
W1N0	88.6ⁱ	59.7ⁱ	—	—
W1N1	103.7^g	68.8^g	32.3^g	86.0^a
W1CN1	111.8^e	78.7^e	56.3^b	77.8^b
W1N2	121.9^c	92.9^d	44.3^f	69.0^d
W1CN2	127.6^a	100.6^a	53.3^d	65.0^f

处理	玉米吸收		土壤残留		土壤损失
处理	kg/hm²	%	kg/hm²	%	kg/hm²	%
W0N0	141.8^j	56.9	107.2^f	43.1	0	0.0
W0N1	165.9^h	51.2	125.6^c	38.8	32.5^e	10.0
W0CN1	185.9^f	57.3	132.1^b	40.8	6.0^h	1.9
W0N2	208.5^d	52.3	124.5^c	31.2	66^a	16.5
W0CN2	223.1^b	55.9	144.6^a	36.2	31.3^f	7.9
W1N0	147.7ⁱ	57.7	108.5^f	42.3	0	0.0
W1N1	171.8^g	51.9	114.1^e	34.4	45.3^c	13.7
W1CN1	189.2^e	57.1	118.1^d	35.7	23.9^g	7.2
W1N2	213.4^c	52.5	133.8^b	32.9	59^b	14.5
W1CN2	227.6^a	56.0	145.1^a	35.7	33.5^d	8.2