Abstract: The yield formation and dry matter production of different rice population were studied and compared. The results showed that the yield of varieties with erect panicles was higher than that of varieties with semi-cured and cured panicles as a result of higher setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The varieties with cured panicles had higher dry matter accumulated and rate of dry matter translocated at heading stage. The dry matter accumulated after heading and the biomass of mature stage of varieties with erect panicles were higher than that of varieties with semi-cured and cured. The top-three leaves of varieties with erect panicles were longer and wider and had smaller angle of panicle-neck. The more the weight of dry matter per spikelet had, the higher the percentage of ripened grains was. It was important that the plant population had large leaf area for the grain yield and dry matter production.