Abstract: The objective of this study was to detect the mitotic index and metaphase index of low temperature, 0.002mol/L 8-quinolinol, 0.01g/Lcolchicines, intermixture of 0.002 mol/L 8-quinolinol and 0.01g/L colchicines (v:v=1:1) on pea root tip cells under the condition of in vitro and nor in vitro respectively. Under the condition of in vitro, the mitotic index was 2.15% higher than that of the check when the root tip cells were treated in 0.002mol/L 8-quinolinol while the metaphase index got 2.50% higher than that of the check when cells were treated in low temperature. Under the condition of non in vitro, mitotic index of was 2.15% higher than that of the check when cells were treated in low temperature while the metaphase index reached 1.15% higher than that of the check in 0.01g/Lcolchicines. The mitotic index and metaphase index were much higher in vitro than that in non in vitro.