Abstract: Ecological factors in Dendrobium resource distribution in China are summarized. Warm, moist and shade environment is good for Dendrobium plant growth. Dendrobium plants distribute at an altitude of 200~3400 m and grow on trunk, rock under trees and precipice with high humidity. The vegetation and moss sharing the habitat with Dendrobium plants also influence Dendrobium resource distribution. Some suggestions are given for the cultivation of Dendrobium plants according to their requirements on the special ecological environment in distribution areas.