Effects of Two Plant Growth Retardants on Plug Seedling Quality of Sunflower

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0328

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the effects of two plant growth retardants on plug seedling quality of sunflower under high temperature and high humidly condition in summer, and to select their suitable spraying concentrations. The experiment was conducted including two plant growth retardants (paclobutrazol and uniconazole) and five spraying concentrations (0、200、400、600、800、1000 mg/L). The results showed that the foliar spraying of paclobutrazol and uniconazole significantly reduced the plant height (PH) and leaf area (LA), increased the ratio of stem diameter (SD) to PH (SD/PH) and enhanced the leaf SPAD and root dry weight. The enhanced leaf SPAD under the two growth retardants’ treatments alleviated the inhibition on LA. In addition, LA×SPAD could comprehensively reflect the changes of shoot dry weight (SDW) and plant dry weight (PDW). Based on the SD, PH, LA and SPAD, a strong seedling index (${{I}_{2}}=\frac{SD}{PH}\times \sqrt{LA\times SPAD}$) of sunflower plug seedlings under the two growth retardants’ treatments was established. The established strong seedling index had a significant correlation with the conventional strong seedling index (R²=0.9097^**). The analysis of strong seedling index showed that the suitable spraying concentration of paclobutrazol and uniconazole was 400 mg/L and 600 mg/L, respectively. In conclusion, this study clarifies the effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on plug seedling quality under high temperature and high humidity in summer, and selects their suitable spraying concentrations. Our results could provide a theoretical basis for rational application of paclobutrazol and uniconazole in sunflower plug seeding in summer.

Key words: growth retardant, sunflower, plug seedling, seedling quality

CLC Number:

S147.5

JI Hongting, ZHAO Hanwei, WANG Yong, ZENG Yannan, CHENG Rundong, WANG Qingnan, ZHAO Hejuan. Effects of Two Plant Growth Retardants on Plug Seedling Quality of Sunflower[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(8): 1-8.

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

[1]	靳文东. 打造合理的向日葵主题园[J]. 中国花卉园艺, 2019(4):34-35.
[2]	曾燕楠, 王勇, 程润东, 等. 保水剂在向日葵夏季高温育苗中的应用[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(2):254-257,261.
[3]	甘小虎, 何从亮, 阎庆久, 等. 矮壮素、多效唑对高温季节黄瓜育苗的影响[J]. 蔬菜, 2012(7):64-66.
[4]	王娟. 工厂化育苗中幼苗徒长的非环境调节[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2006, 12(13):57-58.
[5]	王红飞, 尚庆茂. 蔬菜徒长苗的形态及生理特征研究进展[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2017(7):22-28.
[6]	郭敬华, 董灵迪, 焦永刚, 等. 黄瓜穴盘育苗株型化学调控技术及作用机理研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(22):114-120.
[7]	李青苗, 杨文钰. 烯效唑浸种对玉米壮苗的生理效应[J]. 玉米科学, 2003, 11(4):74-75,89.
[8]	唐东梅, 顾菊花, 盛宣国, 等. PP333对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2008(14):51-53.
[9]	聂萌恩, 柳青山, 白文斌, 等. 喷施多效唑对谷子生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(2):18-23.
[10]	高建芹, 陈松, 彭琦, 等. 苗期喷施烯效唑对油菜生长及产量和品质的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2016, 32(2):305-312.
[11]	胡志华, 李大明, 柳开楼, 等. 烯效唑喷施方式对无土基质育秧秧苗素质的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2020, 26(2):88-90.
[12]	杜逸凡, 方希林, 曾红丽, 等. 外源多效唑、ABA、2,4-D和NAA对水稻秧苗生长特性的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2020, 18(8):2687-2694.
[13]	廖莎, 谭雪明, 李木英, 等. 稻草基质育秧不同烯效唑处理对水稻秧苗生理活性及栽后生长的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2020, 48(18):96-102.
[14]	刘丽琴, 张永清, 李鑫等. 烯效唑浸种对红小豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(3):64-70.
[15]	张永清, 裴红宾, 刘良全, 等. 烯效唑浸种对谷子植株生长发育的效应[J]. 作物学报, 2009, 35(11):2127-2132.
[16]	常婷婷, 张洁, 潘菲, 等. 不同浓度多效唑对番茄穴盘育苗质量的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2011, 39(3):189-191.
[17]	赵乘凤, 巫东堂, 赵俊, 等. 多效唑浸种对番茄穴盘育苗的影响[J]. 中国果菜, 2017, 37(12):48-50.
[18]	徐安阳, 段维, 万素梅, 等. 不同浓度多效唑对食用向日葵生长及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(2):207-213.
[19]	柳延涛, 徐安阳, 段维, 等 .缩节胺, 多效唑和矮壮素对向日葵生理特性的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2018, 40(2):241-246.
[20]	杜超, 张润生, 温埃清, 等. 烯效唑对向日葵生长调控效应的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2019, 47(6):1-8.
[21]	张凯, 魏敏芝, 陈青云, 等. 黄瓜穴盘苗壮苗指标的初步研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2004, 35(Z2):240-244.
[22]	宫彬彬, 王宁, 章铁军, 等. 综合形态与叶片叶绿素含量的番茄壮苗指数筛选[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(8):237-244.
[23]	宁万光, 刘红敏, 张万平. 烯效唑对小麦幼苗高温胁迫效应研究[J]. 现代农业科技, 2007(14):103-104.
[24]	JIANG D, DAI T, JING Q, et al. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat[J]. Photosynthetica, 2004, 42(3):439-446. doi: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000046164.77410.ef URL
[25]	鱼欢, 杨改河, 王之杰. 不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2):266-273
[26]	张世祥, 王海明, 皇甫满喜. 番茄壮苗指数与影响因素通经分析[J]. 北方园艺, 1992(1):7-20.
[27]	尚庆茂. 蔬菜穴盘苗株型调控技术[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2011(13):37-40.
[28]	郭敬华, 董灵迪, 焦永刚, 等. 黄瓜穴盘育苗株型化学调控技术及作用机理研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(22):114-120.

处理		地上部鲜重/ （g/10株）	根系鲜重/ （g/10株）	根冠鲜重比	植株鲜重/ （g/10株）	地上部干重/ （g/10株）	根系干重/ （g/10株）	根冠干重比	植株干重/ （g/10株）
多效唑	C₀	8.67±0.71a	4.25±0.10a	0.49±0.03a	12.92±0.78a	0.83±0.09a	0.28±0.01b	0.34±0.04ab	1.12±0.09bcd
	C₁	7.49±0.34bc	3.61±0.49bc	0.48±0.06a	11.10±0.70cd	0.83±0.05a	0.33±0.04ab	0.40±0.03ab	1.16±0.09ab
	C₂	8.14±0.32ab	3.91±0.02ab	0.48±0.02a	12.04±0.30ab	0.87±0.02a	0.35±0.01a	0.41±0.01ab	1.22±0.01a
	C₃	6.84±0.37cd	2.84±0.16ef	0.41±0.01abc	9.68±0.51e	0.73±0.05c	0.30±0.01ab	0.41±0.02ab	1.03±0.06de
	C₄	6.30±0.09d	2.44±0.28f	0.39±0.04bc	8.75±0.33ef	0.75±0.02bc	0.29±0.02ab	0.39±0.02ab	1.04±0.04cde
	C₅	6.21±0.29d	2.37±0.31f	0.38±0.05c	8.58±0.50f	0.68±0.04c	0.29±0.01ab	0.43±0.02a	0.97±0.04e
烯效唑	C₀	8.67±0.71a	4.25±0.10a	0.49±0.03a	12.92±0.78a	0.83±0.09a	0.28±0.01b	0.34±0.04ab	1.12±0.09bcd
	C₁	7.52±0.36bc	3.40±0.15cd	0.45±0.04abc	10.92±0.23cd	0.89±0.05a	0.28±0.08b	0.32±0.10b	1.17±0.05ab
	C₂	7.87±0.45ab	3.64±0.59bc	0.47±0.10ab	11.51±0.27bcd	0.84±0.05a	0.31±0.08ab	0.37±0.11ab	1.15±0.03ab
	C₃	8.25±0.98ab	3.44±0.28bcd	0.42±0.04abc	11.69±1.17bc	0.90±0.02a	0.32±0.06ab	0.36±0.08ab	1.22±0.05a
	C₄	8.49±0.20a	3.72±0.49bc	0.44±0.06abc	12.21±0.37ab	0.86±0.04a	0.32±0.03ab	0.38±0.06ab	1.18±0.02ab
	C₅	7.58±0.21bc	3.11±0.16de	0.41±0.01abc	10.69±0.37d	0.83±0.04ab	0.30±0.01ab	0.36±0.02ab	1.12±0.04bc

处理		地上部鲜重/ （g/10株）	根系鲜重/ （g/10株）	根冠鲜重比	植株鲜重/ （g/10株）	地上部干重/ （g/10株）	根系干重/ （g/10株）	根冠干重比	植株干重/ （g/10株）
多效唑	C₀	8.67±0.71a	4.25±0.10a	0.49±0.03a	12.92±0.78a	0.83±0.09a	0.28±0.01b	0.34±0.04ab	1.12±0.09bcd
	C₁	7.49±0.34bc	3.61±0.49bc	0.48±0.06a	11.10±0.70cd	0.83±0.05a	0.33±0.04ab	0.40±0.03ab	1.16±0.09ab
	C₂	8.14±0.32ab	3.91±0.02ab	0.48±0.02a	12.04±0.30ab	0.87±0.02a	0.35±0.01a	0.41±0.01ab	1.22±0.01a
	C₃	6.84±0.37cd	2.84±0.16ef	0.41±0.01abc	9.68±0.51e	0.73±0.05c	0.30±0.01ab	0.41±0.02ab	1.03±0.06de
	C₄	6.30±0.09d	2.44±0.28f	0.39±0.04bc	8.75±0.33ef	0.75±0.02bc	0.29±0.02ab	0.39±0.02ab	1.04±0.04cde
	C₅	6.21±0.29d	2.37±0.31f	0.38±0.05c	8.58±0.50f	0.68±0.04c	0.29±0.01ab	0.43±0.02a	0.97±0.04e
烯效唑	C₀	8.67±0.71a	4.25±0.10a	0.49±0.03a	12.92±0.78a	0.83±0.09a	0.28±0.01b	0.34±0.04ab	1.12±0.09bcd
	C₁	7.52±0.36bc	3.40±0.15cd	0.45±0.04abc	10.92±0.23cd	0.89±0.05a	0.28±0.08b	0.32±0.10b	1.17±0.05ab
	C₂	7.87±0.45ab	3.64±0.59bc	0.47±0.10ab	11.51±0.27bcd	0.84±0.05a	0.31±0.08ab	0.37±0.11ab	1.15±0.03ab
	C₃	8.25±0.98ab	3.44±0.28bcd	0.42±0.04abc	11.69±1.17bc	0.90±0.02a	0.32±0.06ab	0.36±0.08ab	1.22±0.05a
	C₄	8.49±0.20a	3.72±0.49bc	0.44±0.06abc	12.21±0.37ab	0.86±0.04a	0.32±0.03ab	0.38±0.06ab	1.18±0.02ab
	C₅	7.58±0.21bc	3.11±0.16de	0.41±0.01abc	10.69±0.37d	0.83±0.04ab	0.30±0.01ab	0.36±0.02ab	1.12±0.04bc

处理		相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	叶面积(LA)/cm²	LA×SPAD/(100×cm²)
多效唑	C₀	32.82±1.64e	4.39±0.35a	2.06±0.15a	13.60±1.76a	4.47±0.63ab
	C₁	40.82±2.44abc	3.56±0.18cd	1.78±0.18cd	9.51±1.13cde	3.88±0.47bc
	C₂	41.22±2.07a	3.72±0.25bc	1.94±0.17abc	10.87±1.61bc	4.48±0.69ab
	C₃	41.15±2.95ab	3.38±0.37de	1.76±0.20cd	8.97±1.72def	3.68±0.62c
	C₄	40.98±1.92abc	3.22±0.31e	1.73±0.23d	8.40±1.66ef	3.44±0.73cd
	C₅	40.80±2.64abc	3.18±0.32e	1.52±0.23e	7.33±1.71f	2.99±0.63d
烯效唑	C₀	32.82±1.64e	4.39±0.35a	2.06±0.15a	13.60±1.76a	4.47±0.86ab
	C₁	38.74±2.06d	3.76±0.36bc	1.84±0.24bcd	10.44±2.02bcd	4.05±1.43bc
	C₂	38.68±1.98d	3.58±0.57cd	1.95±0.43abc	10.68±3.72bcd	4.13±1.08bc
	C₃	39.94±2.04c	3.96±0.41b	1.99±0.26ab	11.91±2.50ab	4.77±1.08a
	C₄	40.10±2.11bc	3.86±0.32bc	1.91±0.26abcd	11.15±2.37bc	4.48±1.02ab
	C₅	38.04±2.41d	3.69±0.17bcd	1.88±0.14abcd	10.41±1.01bcd	3.96±0.38bc

处理		相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	叶面积(LA)/cm²	LA×SPAD/(100×cm²)
多效唑	C₀	32.82±1.64e	4.39±0.35a	2.06±0.15a	13.60±1.76a	4.47±0.63ab
	C₁	40.82±2.44abc	3.56±0.18cd	1.78±0.18cd	9.51±1.13cde	3.88±0.47bc
	C₂	41.22±2.07a	3.72±0.25bc	1.94±0.17abc	10.87±1.61bc	4.48±0.69ab
	C₃	41.15±2.95ab	3.38±0.37de	1.76±0.20cd	8.97±1.72def	3.68±0.62c
	C₄	40.98±1.92abc	3.22±0.31e	1.73±0.23d	8.40±1.66ef	3.44±0.73cd
	C₅	40.80±2.64abc	3.18±0.32e	1.52±0.23e	7.33±1.71f	2.99±0.63d
烯效唑	C₀	32.82±1.64e	4.39±0.35a	2.06±0.15a	13.60±1.76a	4.47±0.86ab
	C₁	38.74±2.06d	3.76±0.36bc	1.84±0.24bcd	10.44±2.02bcd	4.05±1.43bc
	C₂	38.68±1.98d	3.58±0.57cd	1.95±0.43abc	10.68±3.72bcd	4.13±1.08bc
	C₃	39.94±2.04c	3.96±0.41b	1.99±0.26ab	11.91±2.50ab	4.77±1.08a
	C₄	40.10±2.11bc	3.86±0.32bc	1.91±0.26abcd	11.15±2.37bc	4.48±1.02ab
	C₅	38.04±2.41d	3.69±0.17bcd	1.88±0.14abcd	10.41±1.01bcd	3.96±0.38bc

指标	I₁	I₂
相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)	0.894^**	0.837^**
叶面积(LA)	-0.505	-0.431
LA×SPAD	-0.051	0.005
茎粗(SD)	-0.296	-0.133
株高(PH)	-0.825^**	-0.781^**
SD/PH	0.734^**	0.751^**
SPAD/PH	0.837^**	0.796^**
地上部鲜重(SFW)	-0.283	-0.246
根系鲜重(RFW)	-0.394	-0.410
RFW/SFW	-0.411	-0.495
植株鲜重(PFW)	-0.335	-0.320
地上部干重(SDW)	0.111	0.041
根系干重(RDW)	0.749^**	0.679^*
RDW/SDW	0.486	0.496
植株干重(PDW)	0.306	0.226