Abstract: Soil-inhabiting pests community structure composition in two different type nurseries of poplar in the north of Hebei province was investigated. The dominance pest species in irrigated nursery is Metabolus flavescens Brenske and the dominance in drought nursery is Maladera orientalis Motschulsky. The species abundance, individual amount and diversity index of soil-inhabiting pests in irrigated nursery are higher than that in drought nursery. In spring, the kinds and the quantity of the soil-inhabiting pests change in different depth of soil along with the seasonal alternation. The kinds and quantity of the underground pests in 0-5cm depth increase and the soil-inhabiting pests in 10-20cm depth unceasingly decrease during the last ten days of February and the middle ten days of April.