Study on the Suitable Planting Density and Pruning Intensity in Scion Orchard of Early Bearing Walnut

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0996

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to provide references for the construction and efficient management of the local early bearing walnut scion orchard in Chongqing, early bearing walnut 'Yucheng 1' was used as the research object, and a split plot design was used to study the effects of four planting densities (1 m×2 m, 2 m×2 m, 2 m×3 m, 3 m×4 m) and four pruning intensities (no short-cutting, light short- cutting, medium short-cutting and heavily short-cutting) on the branch growth and bud yield of walnut branches. The results showed that the effective branches number, branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number were significantly affected by the planting density and pruning intensity, and the effect of pruning intensity was greater than that of the density, and the interaction between planting density and pruning intensity had a significant effect on branch length, but had no significant effect on other indexes. From the perspective of planting density, the effective branches number, branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number increased with the decrease of density, the effective branches number and effective bud number of 2 m×3 m and 3 m×4 m densities were significantly better than those of other treatments. From the perspective of pruning intensity, with the increase of pruning intensity, the effective branches number decreased significantly, while the branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number increased significantly, and the quality of branches with heavily short-cutting was significantly better than that of other treatments. Comprehensive analysis from 16 treatments, the branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number of 2 m×3 m planting densities combined with heavily short-cutting treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the effective buds per unit area were higher, which was the best treatment for both branch quality and effective bud yield. The planting density and pruning intensity have a significant effect on the growth and development of the branches of the early bearing walnut 'Yucheng No.1' mother tree in Chongqing. The suitable planting density for the construction of the scion orchard is plant spacing 2 m and row spacing 3 m, and the suitable pruning intensity is heavily short-cutting in dormant period.

Key words: early bearing walnut, ‘Yucheng No.1’, scion orchard, density, pruning intensity

TANG Jiajia, LI Xiuzhen, WEI Liben, PENG Xiu, DANG Jiangbo, ZHOU Xiaozhou, FENG Dalan. Study on the Suitable Planting Density and Pruning Intensity in Scion Orchard of Early Bearing Walnut[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(35): 55-60.

Figures/Tables 6

References 21

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指标	变异来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F	P
有效枝数	区组	0.08	2	0.04	0.23	0.804
	A	54.93	3	18.31	109.85**	0.000
	A×区组	1.00	6	0.17	0.13	0.992
	B	665.90	3	221.97	168.57**	0.000
	A×B	7.42	9	0.82	0.63	0.764
枝粗	区组	0.03	2	0.02	1.49	0.299
	A	0.60	3	0.20	17.28**	0.002
	A×区组	0.07	6	0.01	1.55	0.205
	B	3.58	3	1.19	160.47**	0.000
	A×B	0.22	9	0.03	3.33	0.009
枝长	区组	860.93	2	430.46	5.98	0.057
	A	4928.30	3	1642.77	22.83**	0.001
	A×区组	431.73	6	71.96	0.58	0.742
	B	119187.36	3	39729.12	320.67**	0.000
	A×B	3470.68	9	385.63*	3.11*	0.013
有效芽数	区组	73.24	2	36.62	3.04	0.123
	A	705.94	3	235.31	19.51**	0.002
	A×区组	72.36	6	12.06	0.98	0.461
	B	14681.92	3	4893.97	396.88**	0.000
	A×B	243.36	9	27.04	2.19	0.060

指标	变异来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F	P
有效枝数	区组	0.08	2	0.04	0.23	0.804
	A	54.93	3	18.31	109.85**	0.000
	A×区组	1.00	6	0.17	0.13	0.992
	B	665.90	3	221.97	168.57**	0.000
	A×B	7.42	9	0.82	0.63	0.764
枝粗	区组	0.03	2	0.02	1.49	0.299
	A	0.60	3	0.20	17.28**	0.002
	A×区组	0.07	6	0.01	1.55	0.205
	B	3.58	3	1.19	160.47**	0.000
	A×B	0.22	9	0.03	3.33	0.009
枝长	区组	860.93	2	430.46	5.98	0.057
	A	4928.30	3	1642.77	22.83**	0.001
	A×区组	431.73	6	71.96	0.58	0.742
	B	119187.36	3	39729.12	320.67**	0.000
	A×B	3470.68	9	385.63*	3.11*	0.013
有效芽数	区组	73.24	2	36.62	3.04	0.123
	A	705.94	3	235.31	19.51**	0.002
	A×区组	72.36	6	12.06	0.98	0.461
	B	14681.92	3	4893.97	396.88**	0.000
	A×B	243.36	9	27.04	2.19	0.060

定植密度	有效枝数/个	枝粗/cm	枝长/cm	有效芽数/个
A₁	12.97bB	1.38bB	98.08bB	35.58cB
A₂	13.14bB	1.39bB	103.85bB	39.97bB
A₃	14.81aA	1.57aA	120.05aA	44.69aA
A₄	15.47aA	1.63aA	121.53aA	44.89aA

定植密度	有效枝数/个	枝粗/cm	枝长/cm	有效芽数/个
A₁	12.97bB	1.38bB	98.08bB	35.58cB
A₂	13.14bB	1.39bB	103.85bB	39.97bB
A₃	14.81aA	1.57aA	120.05aA	44.69aA
A₄	15.47aA	1.63aA	121.53aA	44.89aA

修剪强度	有效枝数/个	枝粗/cm	枝长/cm	有效芽数/个
B₁	19.45aA	1.21dD	54.16dD	21.61dD
B₂	15.19bB	1.36cC	72.81cC	28.92cC
B₃	12.44cC	1.47bB	138.58bB	48.09bB
B₄	9.31dD	1.94aA	177.96aA	66.53aA