Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.35 Published:15 December 2023

  Breeding-related Traits of Two Wheat Germplasms: Preliminary Analysis ZHANG Jing, QU Jipeng, WAN Hongshen 2023, 39 (35):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0158 Abstract + ( 106 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 3375KB )   ( 52 ) The aim of this study was to preliminarily identify the breeding-application characteristics of two wheat germplasm resources materials, ‘16qin10188’ introduced from German and ‘YB’ with large spike and high disease resistance. In this study, the leading wheat cultivars and landraces from southwestern China were used to cross with the two germplasms to generate F1, and the yield-related traits and disease resistance of F1 generations and their parents were investigated. ‘16qin10188’ had the characteristics of dwarf, multi-grain and resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew. And in F1 generations, its dwarf trait showed partially dominance, and its high spike grain number trait showed recessiveness or partially dominance. The stripe rust resistance of ‘16qin10188’ was dominance while its powdery mildew resistance was recessive. ‘YB’ had oligo culm with long spike and resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. In the F1 generations, the long spike of ‘YB’ showed partially dominance, and the oligo-culm trait was recessive. Grains per spike and grain weight showed significant heterosis, and its powdery mildew resistance was recessive. The dwarf trait and stripe rust resistance of ‘16qin10188’ can be selected in the early generation in breeding, while its high spike grain number and powdery mildew resistance can be selected in the higher generation population; ‘YB’-derived F1 showed the significant heterosis in grain yield, and ‘YB’ could be considered as a potential elite parent for hybrid wheat breeding.

  Opportunities and Challenges: Research Advances of Perennial Crops WANG Kai, LI Jie, FAN Yourong, YANG Jiangyi 2023, 39 (35):  9-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0565 Abstract + ( 84 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1474KB )   ( 36 ) With the rapid changes of global climate, people expect to change traditional agricultural production models and establish a sustainable low-carbon and green agricultural production system. The income from grain crop cultivation in China is not enough. Young people are unwilling to engage in agricultural production, and the phenomenon of abandoned farmland is becoming increasingly serious. Most of the traditional crops are annual crops, and large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are required in crop production, which has brought serious environmental and ecological problems. In addition, annual crops that have been artificially domestication for a long time generally have weak adaptability to environmental changes which leads to increasingly difficult to adapt to complex climate changes. Perennial crops have a longer life cycle and can grow continuously for many years. Compared with annual crops, perennial crops have higher natural resource utilization efficiency, less labor input, and stronger environmental adaptability. Moreover, the well-developed root systems of perennial crops can not only reduce soil erosion but also reduce the carbon elements transfer from the soil to the atmosphere, which is beneficial for retaining more carbon in soil and developing low-carbon green agriculture. Therefore, developing perennial crops is currently one of the important ways to achieve sustainable agricultural development, but there are still some challenges in the breeding of perennial crops. However, the emergence and development of new technologies have greatly accelerated the domestication process of perennial crops, and improve their agronomic traits while maintain their growth characteristics related to perenniality.

  Effects on Seed Germination of Sugar Beet: Sodium Selenite Immersion Under Salt Stress LIU Aijie, ZHANG Huizhong, WANG Maoqian 2023, 39 (35):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0278 Abstract + ( 101 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 55 ) In order to study the effect of different concentrations of sodium selenite on the germination of beet seeds under salt stress, and to provide the basis for the selection of beet seed coating agent, the experiment took "TD805" sugar beet single seed as material, the main treatment was salt stress (100 mmol/L NaCl simulated salt stress), the secondary treatment was seed soaking with sodium selenite, and the germination potential and germination rate were obtained by direct measurement method. The results showed that the seeds of "TD805" beet under salt stress were treated with different concentrations of sodium selenite solution, and the vigor indexes of beet seeds soaked for 18h were better than those soaked for 6 and 12 h, and the effect of soaking for 18 h with 10 mg / L sodium selenite solution was the best. Compared with salt stress control CK2, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vitality index and material efficiency were increased by 21.66%, 22.33%, 131.01%, 240.77% and 38.41%, respectively. The experiment showed that the seeds soaked with 10 mg/L sodium selenite solution for 18h had high vitality level, high nutrient utilization rate and fast conversion of stored substances, which could effectively alleviate the germination of beet seeds under salt stress.

  Influencing Factors and Regulation Measures of Color Change of Autumn Leaf Tree Species: Research Progress OUYANG Zilong, ZHANG Lei, SU Dahong, MENG Yiyi, JIA Xianglu, TENG Weichao, LONG Qiangyu, SHEN Lijuan, LANG Xiao’an 2023, 39 (35):  27-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1026 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 34 ) Autumn leaf tree species are good materials for leaf viewing and landscape planning, which have application prospects in constructing seasonal landscape. The leaves of autumn leaf tree species change into red or yellow when the temperature is low. Anthocyanin is an intrinsic factor influencing leaf color, but its content is affected by a series of factors. In order to explore the influencing factors and regulation measures of color change of autumn leaf tree species, this paper reviewed the external environment, physical means, hormones, regulators, nutrients and other factors related to leaf color change, and discussed the research direction of color change regulation measures of autumn leaf tree species as well as the application of these measures. The study can provide a theoretical basis for further research on autumn leaf tree species.

  Research Progress of Forest Tree Nutrition Theory and Nutrition Diagnosis Techniques YAN Caixia, WU Zhongneng, LIU Junlong, MIAO Tingting, CAO Zhihua, SUN Hui 2023, 39 (35):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1027 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1102KB )   ( 19 ) Nutrition diagnosis is an important basis for forest tree management and scientific fertilization, and also the key technique to evaluate fertilizer efficiency and guide fertilization. This paper summarized the research progress of forest tree nutrition theory, and the research status and progress of nutrition diagnosis techniques at home and abroad. It emphatically analyzed the characteristics and constraints of nutrition diagnosis methods such as appearance diagnosis, field experiment, soil analysis, plant tissue analysis and plant nondestructive testing, to provide technical support for the scientific development of forest tree nutrient management. At last, the paper pointed out the problems in the development of forest tree nutrition diagnosis in China, and discussed the research direction and application prospect of forest tree nutrition theory and diagnosis techniques.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Flue-Cured Tobacco and Quantification of Reasonable Plant Type Index WANG Yuhua, WANG Dequan, XIE Qing, SUN Yanguo, LIU Zhongqing, WU Teng, DONG Xiaowei, BAI Zhongyou, YANG Xiufeng, WANG Dahai, WANG Weizong 2023, 39 (35):  41-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0977 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 41 ) In order to obtain a reasonable plant type for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, the ‘Zhongchuan 208’ variety was used as experimental material to carry out field experiment with different nitrogen application rates and planting densities to study the relationship between the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco plant type and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Regression analysis of plant type traits of flue-cured tobacco and leaf output value, Chemical Components Usability Index (CCUI) of flue-cured tobacco was carried out to put forward the reasonable plant type of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that nitrogen application rate and planting density had significant effects on tobacco plant type traits, dry matter accumulation, economic traits of tobacco leaves, and chemical composition. Proper increase of nitrogen application rate could promote the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco main stems and leaves, increase the yield and output value of tobacco leaves, and improve the coordination of chemical composition. The increase of density could make the main stem of a single plant of flue-cured tobacco become taller and thinner, the leaves become smaller, and the accumulation of dry matter decrease. However, the yield and output value of population tobacco leaves increased, and the coordination of chemical components first increased and then decreased. The middle leaf is the key factor affects the output value and quality of tobacco. The regression equation of tobacco plant type traits with tobacco leaf output value and CCUI was constructed, and the reasonable plant type traits range of ‘Zhongchuan 208’ at flat top stage was calculated: plant height 124.77-128.70 cm, stem circumference 9.61-9.84 cm, pitch 6.20-6.35 cm, lower leaf length 56.06-58.05 cm, leaf width 28.15-30.57 cm, middle leaf length 63.74-69.05 cm, leaf width 29.93-30.36 cm, upper leaf length 48.44-49.32 cm, leaf width 21.03-21.75 cm, the ratio of lower leaf was 29.11%-30.86%, the ratio of middle leaf was 37.77%-38.12%, and the ratio of upper leaf was 29.18%-31.27%.

  Diversity Characteristics of Herbaceous Plants Under Walnut Forests in Yangbi County HU Changping, WANG Youbing, JIANG Jianfa, YANG Guobin, YANG Jianjun, LI Manqing, YANG Shujiao 2023, 39 (35):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1020 Abstract + ( 65 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 20 ) In order to reveal the abundance of herbaceous plants under walnut forests in western Yunnan, the diversity characteristics of herbaceous plants under walnut forests were investigated and analyzed in Yangbi County. (1) 115 species of herbaceous plants under walnut forests in Yangbi were found, which belonged to 36 families and 104 genera. The herbaceous plants are mainly Compositae, Labiatae and Gramineae, with the number of species reaching 41, accounting for 35.7% of the total species. (2) Single genus family is an important component of herbaceous plant diversity in this region, it accounts for 41.7% of the total number of families. (3) The species with high occurrence frequency and important value involve 9 families and 16 species, mainly Compositae, Labiatae and Liao family. (4) The correlation between the diversity index of herbaceous plants under walnut forests and altitude is not high, and there are significantly positive correlations between the species richness index (R) and Shannon-Wiener index (H), Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Simpson index (D), and Simpson index (D) and Pielou index (J).

  Study on the Suitable Planting Density and Pruning Intensity in Scion Orchard of Early Bearing Walnut TANG Jiajia, LI Xiuzhen, WEI Liben, PENG Xiu, DANG Jiangbo, ZHOU Xiaozhou, FENG Dalan 2023, 39 (35):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0996 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 21 ) In order to provide references for the construction and efficient management of the local early bearing walnut scion orchard in Chongqing, early bearing walnut 'Yucheng 1' was used as the research object, and a split plot design was used to study the effects of four planting densities (1 m×2 m, 2 m×2 m, 2 m×3 m, 3 m×4 m) and four pruning intensities (no short-cutting, light short- cutting, medium short-cutting and heavily short-cutting) on the branch growth and bud yield of walnut branches. The results showed that the effective branches number, branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number were significantly affected by the planting density and pruning intensity, and the effect of pruning intensity was greater than that of the density, and the interaction between planting density and pruning intensity had a significant effect on branch length, but had no significant effect on other indexes. From the perspective of planting density, the effective branches number, branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number increased with the decrease of density, the effective branches number and effective bud number of 2 m×3 m and 3 m×4 m densities were significantly better than those of other treatments. From the perspective of pruning intensity, with the increase of pruning intensity, the effective branches number decreased significantly, while the branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number increased significantly, and the quality of branches with heavily short-cutting was significantly better than that of other treatments. Comprehensive analysis from 16 treatments, the branch diameter, branch length and effective bud number of 2 m×3 m planting densities combined with heavily short-cutting treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the effective buds per unit area were higher, which was the best treatment for both branch quality and effective bud yield. The planting density and pruning intensity have a significant effect on the growth and development of the branches of the early bearing walnut 'Yucheng No.1' mother tree in Chongqing. The suitable planting density for the construction of the scion orchard is plant spacing 2 m and row spacing 3 m, and the suitable pruning intensity is heavily short-cutting in dormant period.

  The Influence of Shading on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica MA Xiaohua, ZHANG Xule, ZHANG Yanjun, HU Qingdi, QIAN Renjuan, ZHENG Jian, TANG Zhenyong 2023, 39 (35):  61-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1024 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2104KB )   ( 17 ) In order to study the effects of shading on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica, and to clarify the adaptability of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica to different light intensities, four different light intensity levels (L1(CK), L2 (light shade), L3 (moderate shade) and L4 (heavy shade)) were set through shading methods. The physiological and biochemical indexes of two purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica varieties, such as specific leaf weight (SLW), light response curve, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzymes were determined. With the increase of shading degree, the results showed that the leaf area and photosynthetic pigment content of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ increased, while the results of SLW decreased. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ increased gradually with the increase of light intensity (PAR). When PAR > 800 µmol/(m·s), the increase of Pn gradually slowed down and finally reached light saturation. The light saturation point and light compensation point of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ under L1 light intensity were significantly lower than those of other shading treatments, and Pmax (maximum net photosynthetic rate) of both Lagerstroemia indica varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of shading degree. The Pn of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ increased gradually with the increase of CO2 concentration, while the Pn tended to increase slowly with the increase of Ci (Intercellular CO2 concentration) > 1000(µmol/mol). The CO2 compensation points of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ decreased with increasing shading. Y(II) (Actual photochemical quantum efficiency) of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ increased with the increase of shading degree, while Y (NO) (Quantum efficiency of fundamental heat dissipation independent of light) of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ decreased significantly with the increase of shading degree. The O2- production rate, H2O2 content, SOD, POD and CAT of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Midnight’ and Lagerstroemia indica ‘Chocolate’ under L1 light condition were significantly increased. In conclusion, there was a certain phenomenon of light suppression of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica under full light. Shading can improve the utilization rate of light energy and promote the growth and development of purple-leaf Lagerstroemia indica, which has certain adaptability to low light.

  World Crop Garden - Noah's Ark to Preserve and Utilize Orphan Crops TAO Dayun, CHEN Xiuhua, LI Lin, YANG Yayun, QU Yunhui, YANG Fang, LUO Yanjie, WAN Honghui, LI Lichi, LI Lu 2023, 39 (35):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0929 Abstract + ( 67 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1004KB )   ( 21 ) Agricultural revolution that started 12,000 years ago domesticated plants and animals, brought dawn to the emergence of human civilization, and laid the foundation for cities, social division of labor, social development, and culture. As reported, there are 2489 species of crops in the world and about 600 species of cultivated plant in China, indicating that nearly 80% of crop species are absent in China. But dependence of China’s food production on outside crops is only 60%, which means that there is a big space for China to use outside crops for food production. The orphan crops or underutilized crops are fruits of human civilization and footstone for further development. There are three-belt climate of cold, warm and hot in Yunnan, China, where is the paradise for any crop to settle. Meanwhile the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Tropical Plants Garden, and National Nursery of Sugarcane Germplasm were established in Yunnan. Yunnan can further develop World Crop Garden as the Noah's Ark to preserve and utilize orphan crops via International Big Science Research Plans and Projects, and contribute China's wisdom and plan to deal with climate change, food security, and poor alleviation in the World.

  Research Status and Prospect of Fire Disturbance on Forest and Grassland Soil PING Xiaofan, WEI Yunmin, SONG Xiaoshuang, YU Wenjing 2023, 39 (35):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0433 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1064KB )   ( 18 ) Fire is an important disturbance factor in forest and grassland ecosystems. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil microorganisms after fire disturbance have important impacts on the restoration of forest and grassland ecosystem structure and function. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars had conducted research on forest and grassland fire interference and made some achievements. The authors summarized the current research status of fire disturbance on the physical and chemical properties and microorganism of forest and grassland soil, proposed the prospect of strengthening the construction of fire disturbance model as well as improving the impact of grassland fire disturbance on soil. In the nutshell, it would provide a theoretical basis for the study of the effects of fire disturbance on forest and grassland soil.

  Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer and Mixed Sowing Ratio on Forage Value of Avena sativa + Vicia sativa in Alpine Region RENZENG Wangdui 2023, 39 (35):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1000 Abstract + ( 94 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 21 ) In this study, 6 mixed ratios and 4 kinds of fertilization models were designed, and the main objective was to solve the problems existing in the traditional oat planting mode in the alpine region. The fresh forage yield, hay forage yield, plant height, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid washing fiber (ADF) of Avena sativa + Vicia sativa mixed grassland were determined, the grey correlation degree was used to evaluate the performance of mixed grassland. The results showed that the optimal ratio of Avena sativa + Vicia sativa was 6:4. Compared with oat monoculture, the crude protein and ether extract with the above ratio increased by 60 % and 36.4 % respectively, while the yield did not significantly decrease. When 50% fertilizer was subtituted by organic fertilizer, the yield of hay increased by 61.13%, and the crude protein increased by 23.9%. Bio-organic fertilizers could act as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. There was an interaction between fertilization and mixed sowing ratio. The comprehensive evaluation was the best under the conditions of 50% fertilizer reduction+50% organic fertilizer, mixed sowing ratio of Avena sativa and Vicia sativa at 6:4, which was suitable for planting and popularization in Xigaze region.

  Effects of AM Fungi on Bacterial Communities and Soil Factors in Polluted Soil ZHANG Kai, CHEN Sisi, CHANG Wei, ZANG Chen, CHEN Jing, FAN Xiaoxu 2023, 39 (35):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0482 Abstract + ( 84 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1383KB )   ( 31 ) Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the potential to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metals and organic pollutants. With the development of industrialization and agricultural production, AM fungi combined with phytoremediation gradually becomes a viable strategy for remediation of contaminated soils and also produce an effect on the bacterial communities. In this paper, the effects of heavy metals and organic pollutants on the soil bacterial communities and soil factors were introduced. When remediating heavy metals and organic contaminated soils with AM fungi, the response characteristics of the diversity, composition of soil bacterial communities as well as soil factors were then discussed. This paper designed to provide a theoretical basis and scientific support for future remediation effects and soil health evaluation of contaminated soils.

  Distribution Characteristics and Dynamics of Abundant and Rare Bacteria in Purple Soil of the Sichuan Basin SHENG Ni, CHENG Jianhua, SUN Zhixiang, TANG Xiangyu 2023, 39 (35):  94-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1001 Abstract + ( 83 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2054KB )   ( 16 ) Soil microbial community is composed of a few abundant taxa and most rare taxa, and revealing the distribution characteristics and dynamic changes of abundant and rare bacteria is essential for understanding soil ecosystem. In this study, the purple soil of dryland was subjected to a 100-day incubation experiment with pig manure and chicken manure as the external source of organic fertilizer, and five sampling time points were designed to analyze the bacterial communities in the purple soil of no fertilizer control treatment (CK), pig manure application treatment (PMS) and chicken manure application treatment (CMS) by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the number, taxa and α diversity index of rare bacteria were higher than those of abundant bacteria, indicating that the distribution composition of the two bacteria was different. The dynamic changes of abundant and rare bacterial community structure were similar, and the effects of pig manure application on microbial community structure were different from those of unfertilized and chicken manure treatments. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the topological characteristics of rare bacteria were significantly higher than other groups, but a few abundant bacteria occupied the central nodes of the network. Condition rare and abundant taxa had high betweeness centrality, indicating their contribution in the community dynamics. The results of this study are helpful to understand the dynamic changes of bacterial community and their ecological network in the soil applied with manure.

  Analysis of Nutrient Status and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Tobacco Planting Soil in Hanzhong of Qinling Mountains based on ArcGIS LIU Futong, ZHENG Meiying, WANG Hui, LI Maosen, ZHAO Peiyan, ZHENG Bangxi, HE Wenqin, YAO Feng, REN Tianbao 2023, 39 (35):  103-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.cabs2022-0989 Abstract + ( 69 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1928KB )   ( 25 ) The nutrient content of tobacco planting soil in Hanzhong area of Qinling Mountains was analyzed to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and soil health cultivation of tobacco planting soil in Hanzhong area of Qinling Mountains. The spatial distribution law and characteristics of soil nutrients for tobacco planting in Hanzhong, Qinling Mountains were analyzed by using statistical methods and ArcGIS software. The results showed that the average values of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH of tobacco planting soil in Hanzhong, Qinling Mountains were 16.69 g/kg, 159.31 g/kg, 43.34 mg/kg, 375.22 mg/kg and pH 6.21. The content of soil organic matter mainly belonged to the fourth grade, accounting for 34.09%; the content of available nitrogen mainly belonged to the second grade, accounting for 46.59%; the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and pH mainly belonged to the first grade, accounting for 38.64%, 75.00% and 23.86%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between soil nutrient contents; in term of spatial distribution, the soil organic matter content and available nitrogen content were the highest in the area bordering Nanzheng County and Xixiang County, the available phosphorus content was the highest in Ningqiang County and Nanzheng County, the available potassium content was the highest in Nanzheng County, Ningqiang County and Xixiang County, and the pH level was the highest in the south-central part of Lueyang County, the southern part of Mian County, the northern part of Nanzheng County and the central part of Xixiang County. The soil nutrient content in Mian County, Yang County, Lueyang County and Xixiang County was relatively low. The soil nutrient status in Nanzheng County and Ningqiang County was good. It is suggested to increase the content of soil organic carbon by applying organic fertilizer, reduce the application of chemical fertilizer, and enhance the ability of soil carbon fixation and fertilization.

  Effects of Elevated Temperature and Soil Fertility on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean FENG Qian, JIN Lihui, XUE Haiqing, YUE Ya, MIAO Huan, MIAO Shujie, QIAO Yunfa 2023, 39 (35):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0979 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1469KB )   ( 19 ) In face of global warming, the effect of elevated temperature on soybean growth was studied to provide theoretical basis for soybean production responding to future climate change. Two soil types, high and low fertility, were selected to study the effects of elevated temperature on chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and soybean yield at three leaf stage, flowering stage and bulking stage under ambient temperature (aT) and elevated temperature (eT) treatments by using an open warming system. The results showed that at the three leaf stage, eT decreased the Pn (photosynthetic rate), Gs (stomatal conductance) and Tr (transpiration rate) of soybean leaves by 21.3%, 36.7% and 17.4% on high fertility soil, respectively, while increased the SPAD value by 15.1% and decreased Pn by 11.4% on low fertility soil, respectively, compared to control. At flowering stage, leaf SPAD value was increased by 24.0% on high fertility soil, while Pn, Gs, Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) and Tr (transpiration rate) were decreased significantly on low fertility soil at eT than that of control, and eT decreased leaf Gs, Ci and Tr on low fertility soil compared with the control. At the bulking stage, in contrast to control, leaf Pn, Gs and Tr at eT were increased by 25.6%, 55.5% and 33.8% on high fertility soil, but were decreased by 42.4%, 58.7% and 56.1% on low fertility soil, respectively. The increased temperature resulted in a 23.3% yield increase of soybean on high fertility soils compared to the control, while a 10.9% yield reduction on low fertility soils. The photosynthetic capacity of soybean at bulking stage was the key factor in limiting yield formation, especially on high fertility soil, which can offset the insufficient photosynthesis at early growth stage, and finally improved yield. Therefore, adjusting soil fertility would be a potential strategy to improve the adaptability of soybean production to future global warming.

  Spatio-Temporal Characteristic of Microclimate in Kiwifruit Orchard at Different Growth Stages at the Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province ZHANG Weimin, WANG Jinghong, BAI Qinfeng 2023, 39 (35):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0522 Abstract + ( 79 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 27 ) Based on the data of kiwifruit microclimate observed by Zhouzhi County Bairui Kiwifruit Research Institute at the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province from May 2020 to December 2022, the microclimate characteristics of kiwifruit orchards in Zhouzhi at different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation of the total solar radiation and air temperature were all unimodal curves, with diurnal high and night low diurnal variation characteristics, and the total solar radiation peaked at 12:00-13:00 and the air temperature peaked at 15:00-16:00. The total radiation reached maximum at vigorous growth stage and second at initial growth stage. The daily maximum temperature at different canopy heights was the highest at the vigorous growth stage, followed by the initial period and the minimum in the dormant period. The diurnal temperature range at the initial growth stage was larger than that at vigorous growth stage and dormant stage. The temperature at each vertical height of canopy was the highest in July and the lowest in January. The daily variation of humidity showed an inverted“几”curve of high-low-high. Humidity was maximum at vigorous growth stage and the next at dormant stage. The humidity at each vertical height of canopy was the highest in October and the lowest in February. The temperature fluctuation of surface soil was bigger than that of deep soil, and the monthly change trend was consistent; the daily and monthly changes of soil moisture in each soil layer were small. The spatio-temporal characteristics of microclimate in kiwifruit orchard were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for studying the growth and decline law and quantitative relationship in the process of capacity and material exchange of kiwifruit orchard, thus improving the scientific management level of kiwifruit orchard.

  Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Rain-waterlogging Events in Henan Province Based on the Analysis of Agricultural Flood Situation CHEN Jiadong, HUANG Jin, ZAHNG Jinchi 2023, 39 (35):  125-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0991 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 4342KB )   ( 20 ) Henan Province is an important grain producing area in China, the analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of agricultural flood is of great significance to ensure regional food security. Based on the data of disaster-affected rate and disaster-suffered rate of agricultural flood, daily precipitation in the study area during 1978 to 2019, the possible relationships between the actual disaster situation and various types of rain-waterlogging indices were explored by using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). On this basis, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of key disaster-causing factors and their responses to the large-scale ocean atmospheric circulation indices (LOACI) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the rain-waterlogging intensity reflected by inter-annual and inter-decadal fluctuations were accurately extracted from the annual disaster series by using EEMD; (2) the correlation analysis between rain-waterlogging intensity and various precipitation indices showed that maximum precipitation during consecutive 7 days in August had the most significant impact on disaster, and the next was the total number of rainfall days in September; (3) the spatial distribution of causing-disaster factors indicated that the risk in south and west of Henan were higher, and the rain-waterlogging intensity in summer presented a weakening tendency; (4) there was a significant correlation between the disaster-causing factors and the circulation indices such as Tropical South Atlantic SST with the lag-time of 6 to 9 months. The key causing-disaster factors of flood in Henan province were screened, and the circulation important signals for predicting disaster in advance were provided.

  Review of Research Characteristics and Trends of Sweet Potato Diseases and Pests WANG Shixin, TANG Chaochen, LUO Mei, CHEN Jingyi, ZOU Hongda, DONG Zhangyong, HUANG Lifei 2023, 39 (35):  134-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1011 Abstract + ( 89 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 3119KB )   ( 33 ) To understand the research hotspots and development trends in the field of sweet potato pests and diseases, and to provide reference for sweet potato pest and disease research, based on the visual analysis software CiteSpace, a total of 1648 sweet potato pest-related literature from 2000-2021 in CNKI Knowledge Network database and WOS core collection database were analyzed. The most published literature on sweet potato pests and diseases was from the United States and China in that order; Xie Yiping's team and Chen Shulong's team were the author teams who published the most articles on domestic diseases and pests, respectively, while Clark C A's team and Haraguchi D's team were the author teams who published the most articles on international diseases and pests, respectively; there was close cooperation between international research institutions and teams, but less cooperation between domestic research institutions and teams; Plant Disease and Journal of Economic Entomology were the international journals with the highest number of articles on diseases and pests, respectively; keyword analysis showed that research in Chinese literature focused on stem nematode disease and sweet potato weevil, while English literature focused on sweet potato virus disease and Bemisia tabaci. For sweet potato virus disease, Bemisia tabaci, sweet potato stem nematode and sweet potato weevil, which seriously restrict the development of sweet potato industry, as well as the newly occurred pests and diseases such as sweet potato stem rot, sweet potato basal rot and sweet potato root knot nematode, research on smart detection and early warning, spreading mechanism, functional gene mining, selection and breeding of resistant varieties and precise target application will gradually become the hot spots.

  Effect of Low Temperature on Cold Hardiness and the Main Cold Hardiness Substances of Apolygus lucorum Adults XU Min, CHEN Lizhen, LI Wenjing, WAN Peng 2023, 39 (35):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0046 Abstract + ( 77 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 25 ) This study aims to investigate the physiological response mechanism of A. lucorum adults to low temperature by clarifying the survival, the supercooling point (SCP) and freezing point (FP), as well as the main cold hardiness substances under low temperature. The survival rate of A. lucorum adults was measured by different low temperature treatments. Thermocouple method was used to determine the SCP and FP under different temperature and time. The content of sorbitol, glucose, trehalose and fructose were compared by physiological and biochemical assay. The results showed that after being treated at -5℃ and -10℃ for 24 h or more, the survival rate of A. lucorum adults was 0. After treatment at 0, 5 and 15℃ for 24 h or more, the survival rate was above 96%. After different temperature treatments at 0, 5 and 15℃ for 24 h, the SCP and FP of the adult were decreased. When treated at 5℃ for 24 hours, there was the largest decline. However, when the treatment time extended to 48 h and 96 h, the SCP and FP of the adult were no longer decline. The content of biochemical substances in A. lucorum changed at low temperature. After treatment at 15℃ for 24 h, the content of fructose was increased. After 48 h treatment at a low temperature of 10℃ to 15℃, the contents of fructose, glucose, trehalose and sorbitol were increased. These results provide a reference for revealing the cold tolerance mechanism of A. lucorum and its forecasting.

  Variations of Morphological Characteristics and Reproductive Characteristics of Apodemus agrarius in Xifeng County LI Mei, XU Jialin, YIN Wenshu, AO Chenghong, SONG Zhishu, YANG Zaixue 2023, 39 (35):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0966 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 28 ) The study aims to provide foundations for rodent forecasting and management that identified the variations of morphological characteristics, reproductive characteristics and age structure. We analyzed the population characteristics composed by 315 A. agrarius captured in Xifeng County, Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2022. The results show that for A. agrarius, the average body weight is 26.09 g, the average carcass weight is 19.96 g, the average body length is 88.84 mm, the average tail length is 77.11 mm, the average hind foot length is 18.75 mm, and the average ear length is 10.35 mm. There are no significant differences in body weight, carcass weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length between male and female animals. There are significant differences in body weight among different age groups, the body weight of the animals increase with the increased age. Among the populations from different seasons, there are great differences in body weight, hind foot length and ear length, significant differences in carcass weight and body length, and no significant differences in tail length. Carcass weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length increase significantly with the growth of body weight. For the population in the study period, the average pregnancy rate was 20.81%, the average litter size of females was 4.97, the average testicular descent rate of males was 72.89%, the sex ratio of male to female was 0.90, and the average reproductive index was 0.4889. The fecundity of different age groups is obviously different, animals in adult I, adult II and the elder groups are the dominant breeders, which fecundity increased with the growth of age. There are two reproduction peaks occurred in spring and autumn every year. The age compositions of different seasonal population are obviously different, and the distribution of age in the population captured whole year is a typical pyramid, among which the number of individuals in sub-adult group, adult group I and adult group II is absolutely dominant in the population, which is accounting for 87.30% of the animals of the population.

  Construction of the Standard System for Industry of Natural Enemy Trichogramma LI Xiaofeng, XIAO Shuai, ZHAO Lei, HAO Jianqiang, SHA Pinjie, ZHANG Jinyi, LIU Xiyan, WANG Fang, WU Wengang, XING Tianqi 2023, 39 (35):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0481 Abstract + ( 66 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 23 ) Trichogramma species is one of the most effective and commonly used natural enemies with the widest application in China, which is suitable for large-scale production, and its industrial development is relatively perfect. However, there are few related researches on the industrial standardization of Trichogramma. In this paper, the current status of relevant standards of Trichogramma was analyzed. And, the construction ideas of standard system were explored from the perspective of the whole industry chain. Then the standard system of Trichogramma industry was initially constructed based on the steady and healthy development of the industry. The main problems of the standard system of Trichogramma industry were analyzed from the aspects of imperfect standard system, low standard conversion rate and lack of standardization concept. In addition, the development suggestions for standard system of the Trichogramma industry were put forward in terms of continuous improvement of the standard system, accelerating transformation of scientific and technological achievements into standards, and thoroughly implementing the standardization concept of natural enemy industries. Finally, the development trends of the standard system of Trichogramma in the future were prospected. This study may provide reference for the top-level design of standard system of the Trichogramma industry and provide technical support for the standardization development, and then provide assistance for the development of the Trichogramma industry through the measures for standardization.