Variations of Morphological Characteristics and Reproductive Characteristics of Apodemus agrarius in Xifeng County

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0966

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aims to provide foundations for rodent forecasting and management that identified the variations of morphological characteristics, reproductive characteristics and age structure. We analyzed the population characteristics composed by 315 A. agrarius captured in Xifeng County, Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2022. The results show that for A. agrarius, the average body weight is 26.09 g, the average carcass weight is 19.96 g, the average body length is 88.84 mm, the average tail length is 77.11 mm, the average hind foot length is 18.75 mm, and the average ear length is 10.35 mm. There are no significant differences in body weight, carcass weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length between male and female animals. There are significant differences in body weight among different age groups, the body weight of the animals increase with the increased age. Among the populations from different seasons, there are great differences in body weight, hind foot length and ear length, significant differences in carcass weight and body length, and no significant differences in tail length. Carcass weight, body length, tail length, hind foot length and ear length increase significantly with the growth of body weight. For the population in the study period, the average pregnancy rate was 20.81%, the average litter size of females was 4.97, the average testicular descent rate of males was 72.89%, the sex ratio of male to female was 0.90, and the average reproductive index was 0.4889. The fecundity of different age groups is obviously different, animals in adult I, adult II and the elder groups are the dominant breeders, which fecundity increased with the growth of age. There are two reproduction peaks occurred in spring and autumn every year. The age compositions of different seasonal population are obviously different, and the distribution of age in the population captured whole year is a typical pyramid, among which the number of individuals in sub-adult group, adult group I and adult group II is absolutely dominant in the population, which is accounting for 87.30% of the animals of the population.

Key words: Apodemus agrarius, morphological characteristics, reproductive characteristics, age structure, Xifeng County

LI Mei, XU Jialin, YIN Wenshu, AO Chenghong, SONG Zhishu, YANG Zaixue. Variations of Morphological Characteristics and Reproductive Characteristics of Apodemus agrarius in Xifeng County[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(35): 150-156.

Figures/Tables 8

References 28

[1]	杨再学. 中国黑线姬鼠及其防治对策[M]. 贵阳: 贵州科技出版社, 2009.
[2]	杨再学, 谈孝凤. 贵州省2011—2016年农区鼠种组成及种群数量分析[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2017, 37(8):31-34.
[3]	潘世昌, 李梅, 宋致书. 息烽县农区鼠种组成及种群数量变动规律[J]. 江西农业学报, 2013, 25(8):59-61.
[4]	王勇, 陈安国, 李波, 等. 洞庭平原黑线姬鼠繁殖特征研究[J]. 兽类学报, 1994, 14(2):138-146.
[5]	王华弟. 农田黑线姬鼠发生规律与防治技术[J]. 植物保护学报, 1998, 25(2):181-186.
[6]	李容, 刘自远, 刘成福, 等. 四川省开江县黑线姬鼠种群动态及繁殖生态研究[J]. 医学动物防制, 2009, 25(5):321-323.
[7]	杨再学, 郑元利, 郭仕平, 等. 黑线姬鼠种群数量动态及预测预报模型研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(2):193-197.
[8]	杨再学, 金星, 郭永旺, 等. 贵州省不同地区黑线姬鼠种群数量动态分析[J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2015, 34(1):13-17.
[9]	赵芳, 龙贵兴, 杨再学, 等. 黔西北地区农田黑线姬鼠种群数量动态及繁殖特征变化[J]. 亚热带农业研究, 2015, 11(1):46-50.
[10]	WANG D, ANDERSON DEAN P, LI K, et al. Predicted population dynamics of an indigenous rodent, Apodemus agrarius, in an agricultural system[J]. Crop protection, 2021, 147:105683. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105683 URL
[11]	杨再学, 郑元利, 金星. 黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)的种群繁殖参数及其地理分异特征[J]. 生态学报, 2007, 27(6):2425-2434.
[12]	李恩涛, 杨再学, 周全忠, 等. 瓮安县黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数变化规律[J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2013, 32(5):393-396.
[13]	杨再学, 郭永旺, 王登, 等. 贵州地区黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征[J]. 动物学杂志, 2016, 51(6):939-948.
[14]	白智江, 杨再学, 秦治勇, 等. 余庆县黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数的年龄变化[J]. 中国植物导刊, 2016, 36(7):43-50.
[15]	杨再学, 郑元利, 胡支先, 等. 黑线姬鼠种群年龄组划分标准比较研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2002, 15(1):112-115.
[16]	杨再学, 郑元利. 应用胴体重法鉴定黑线姬鼠种群年龄[J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2003, 22(5):393-398.
[17]	杨再学. 黑线姬鼠肥满度的研究[J]. 兽类学报, 1995, 15(1):73-74.
[18]	郑元利, 杨再学. 黑线姬鼠肥满度的季节变化研究[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2003, 31(2):12-15.
[19]	杨再学, 郑元利, 金星. 黑线姬鼠胴体重长指标研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2005, 18(4):480-484.
[20]	龙贵兴, 游雪. 大方县黑线姬鼠形态特征变化分析[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2021, 27(4):92-94.
[21]	潘世昌, 张雪琼, 张朝仙, 等. 农田黑线姬鼠的发生规律及治理技术[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2003, 31(2):16-19.
[22]	李梅, 潘世昌, 杨再学. 息烽县黑线姬鼠种群繁殖特征变化研究[J]. 中国植物导刊, 2015, 35(11):49-50.
[23]	尹文书, 杨再学. 贵州息烽农田黑线姬鼠种群最适温度与降雨区间分析[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2020, 40(8):35-39.
[24]	张洁. 北京地区黑线姬鼠种群年龄和繁殖的研究[J]. 兽类学报, 1989, 9(1):41-47.
[25]	肖增祜, 姚丽文, 吕永通. 辽宁清原黑线姬鼠种群年龄研究初报[J]. 生态学杂志, 1982, 1(4):50-52.
[26]	杨再学, 郑元利, 郭永旺, 等. 黑线姬鼠不同体重种群繁殖力变化[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 24(9):348-352.
[27]	杨再学, 郑元利, 金星. 黑线姬鼠不同年龄组种群繁殖特征的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(12):339-342.
[28]	龙贵兴, 游雪, 彭忠勇. 大方县黑线姬鼠种群繁殖参数的年龄和季节变化[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2021, 27(13):37-39.

指标	性别	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验
体重/g	雌鼠	149	5.16~44.59	25.36±7.15	28.20	t=1.77<t_0.05
体重/g	雄鼠	166	5.78~42.70	26.75±6.74	25.18	t=1.77<t_0.05
胴体重/g	雌鼠	35	3.45~37.33	18.82±6.73	35.74	t=1.51<t_0.05
胴体重/g	雄鼠	48	9.61~29.32	20.79±4.44	21.38	t=1.51<t_0.05
体长/mm	雌鼠	149	55.00~115.00	88.09±10.55	11.98	t=1.18<t_0.05
体长/mm	雄鼠	166	52.00~110.00	89.51±10.80	12.06	t=1.18<t_0.05
尾长/mm	雌鼠	149	42.00~96.00	77.42±8.13	10.50	t=0.62<t_0.05
尾长/mm	雄鼠	166	43.00~98.00	76.83±8.71	11.34	t=0.62<t_0.05
后足长/mm	雌鼠	149	12.00~23.00	18.56±1.83	9.83	t=1.59<t_0.05
后足长/mm	雄鼠	166	11.00~23.00	18.91±2.05	10.83	t=1.59<t_0.05
耳长/mm	雌鼠	149	6.00~15.00	10.36±1.76	16.96	t=0.12<t_0.05
耳长/mm	雄鼠	166	5.00~16.00	10.34±1.89	18.32	t=0.12<t_0.05

指标	性别	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验
体重/g	雌鼠	149	5.16~44.59	25.36±7.15	28.20	t=1.77<t_0.05
体重/g	雄鼠	166	5.78~42.70	26.75±6.74	25.18	t=1.77<t_0.05
胴体重/g	雌鼠	35	3.45~37.33	18.82±6.73	35.74	t=1.51<t_0.05
胴体重/g	雄鼠	48	9.61~29.32	20.79±4.44	21.38	t=1.51<t_0.05
体长/mm	雌鼠	149	55.00~115.00	88.09±10.55	11.98	t=1.18<t_0.05
体长/mm	雄鼠	166	52.00~110.00	89.51±10.80	12.06	t=1.18<t_0.05
尾长/mm	雌鼠	149	42.00~96.00	77.42±8.13	10.50	t=0.62<t_0.05
尾长/mm	雄鼠	166	43.00~98.00	76.83±8.71	11.34	t=0.62<t_0.05
后足长/mm	雌鼠	149	12.00~23.00	18.56±1.83	9.83	t=1.59<t_0.05
后足长/mm	雄鼠	166	11.00~23.00	18.91±2.05	10.83	t=1.59<t_0.05
耳长/mm	雌鼠	149	6.00~15.00	10.36±1.76	16.96	t=0.12<t_0.05
耳长/mm	雄鼠	166	5.00~16.00	10.34±1.89	18.32	t=0.12<t_0.05

形态指标	年龄组	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验	F检验
体重/g	Ⅰ	21	5.16~15.97	12.15±3.60 eE	29.65	-	F=737.38 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	16.02~18.38	20.23±1.84 dD	9.07	t=9.94>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	23.01~29.00	25.80±1.80 cC	6.97	t=20.89>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	29.01~36.89	32.50±2.28 bB	7.01	t=22.13>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	19	37.14~44.59	40.01±2.46 aA	6.15	t=12.16>t_0.01
胴体重/g	Ⅰ	2	3.45~10.48	6.97±3.52 eE	50.47	-	F=66.62 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	25	9.61~18.38	14.69±2.25 dD	15.29	t=3.06>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	28	16.67~24.63	19.99±2.00 cC	10.00	t=9.03>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	24	19.85~35.22	24.80±3.31 bB	13.33	t=6.23>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	4	26.34~37.33	30.16±4.27 aA	14.16	t=2.39>t_0.05
体长/mm	Ⅰ	21	52.00~86.00	68.14±9.45 eE	13.87	-	F=130.17 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	70.00~102.00	82.09±6.47 dD	7.88	t=6.38>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	77.00~103.00	88.80±5.74 cC	6.46	t=7.42>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	82.00~113.00	97.22±7.12 bB	7.32	t=8.84>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	19	94.00~115.00	103.84±4.51 aA	4.34	t=5.10>t_0.01
尾长/mm	Ⅰ	21	42.00~78.00	61.86±9.73 dD	15.73	-	F=51.67 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	65.00~90.00	73.23±4.98 cC	6.80	t=5.18>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	56.00~98.00	78.27±6.68 bB	8.54	t=6.00>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	57.00~97.00	81.09±6.53 bB	8.06	t=2.95>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	19	70.00~96.00	85.89±7.06 aA	8.21	t=2.71>t_0.05
后足长/mm	Ⅰ	21	11.00~20.00	16.52±2.32 cC	14.05	-	F=11.62 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	12.00~21.00	18.30±1.65 bB	9.01	t=3.30>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	15.00~23.00	19.08±1.86 abAB	9.72	t=3.05>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	14.00~23.00	19.06±1.87 abAB	9.81	t=0.07<t_0.05
	Ⅴ	19	17.00~23.00	19.68±1.42 aA	7.19	t=1.62<t_0.05
耳长/mm	Ⅰ	21	5.00~13.00	8.95±2.01 cD	22.47	_-	F=14.57 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	6.00~15.00	9.58±1.67 cCD	17.46	t=1.32<t_0.05
	Ⅲ	114	6.00~16.00	10.55±1.78 bBC	16.89	t=3.86>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	6.00~15.00	10.74±1.36 bB	12.66	t=0.85<t_0.05
	Ⅴ	19	9.00~16.00	11.84±1.90 aA	15.62	t=3.07>t_0.01

形态指标	年龄组	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验	F检验
体重/g	Ⅰ	21	5.16~15.97	12.15±3.60 eE	29.65	-	F=737.38 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	16.02~18.38	20.23±1.84 dD	9.07	t=9.94>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	23.01~29.00	25.80±1.80 cC	6.97	t=20.89>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	29.01~36.89	32.50±2.28 bB	7.01	t=22.13>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	19	37.14~44.59	40.01±2.46 aA	6.15	t=12.16>t_0.01
胴体重/g	Ⅰ	2	3.45~10.48	6.97±3.52 eE	50.47	-	F=66.62 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	25	9.61~18.38	14.69±2.25 dD	15.29	t=3.06>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	28	16.67~24.63	19.99±2.00 cC	10.00	t=9.03>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	24	19.85~35.22	24.80±3.31 bB	13.33	t=6.23>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	4	26.34~37.33	30.16±4.27 aA	14.16	t=2.39>t_0.05
体长/mm	Ⅰ	21	52.00~86.00	68.14±9.45 eE	13.87	-	F=130.17 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	70.00~102.00	82.09±6.47 dD	7.88	t=6.38>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	77.00~103.00	88.80±5.74 cC	6.46	t=7.42>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	82.00~113.00	97.22±7.12 bB	7.32	t=8.84>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	19	94.00~115.00	103.84±4.51 aA	4.34	t=5.10>t_0.01
尾长/mm	Ⅰ	21	42.00~78.00	61.86±9.73 dD	15.73	-	F=51.67 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	65.00~90.00	73.23±4.98 cC	6.80	t=5.18>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	56.00~98.00	78.27±6.68 bB	8.54	t=6.00>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	57.00~97.00	81.09±6.53 bB	8.06	t=2.95>t_0.01
	Ⅴ	19	70.00~96.00	85.89±7.06 aA	8.21	t=2.71>t_0.05
后足长/mm	Ⅰ	21	11.00~20.00	16.52±2.32 cC	14.05	-	F=11.62 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	12.00~21.00	18.30±1.65 bB	9.01	t=3.30>t_0.01
	Ⅲ	114	15.00~23.00	19.08±1.86 abAB	9.72	t=3.05>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	14.00~23.00	19.06±1.87 abAB	9.81	t=0.07<t_0.05
	Ⅴ	19	17.00~23.00	19.68±1.42 aA	7.19	t=1.62<t_0.05
耳长/mm	Ⅰ	21	5.00~13.00	8.95±2.01 cD	22.47	_-	F=14.57 P=0.000<0.01
	Ⅱ	79	6.00~15.00	9.58±1.67 cCD	17.46	t=1.32<t_0.05
	Ⅲ	114	6.00~16.00	10.55±1.78 bBC	16.89	t=3.86>t_0.01
	Ⅳ	82	6.00~15.00	10.74±1.36 bB	12.66	t=0.85<t_0.05
	Ⅴ	19	9.00~16.00	11.84±1.90 aA	15.62	t=3.07>t_0.01

形态指标	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	F检验
体重/g	27.12 aA	27.85 aA	27.55 aA	23.51 aA	F=8.18, P=0.000<0.01
胴体重/g	17.98 cA	21.95 abA	22.87 aA	18.77 bcA	F=3.40, P=0.022<0.05
体长/mm	90.56 aA	89.90 aA	90.11 aA	86.11 bA	F=3.69, P=0.012<0.05
尾长/mm	77.83 aA	78.07 aA	77.83 aA	75.56 aA	F=1.84, P=0.139>0.05
后足长/mm	19.27 aA	17.97 aA	18.97 aAB	18.68 bB	F=6.68, P=0.000<0.01
耳长/mm	10.09 bB	11.09 aA	11.03 aA	9.90 bB	F=8.85, P=0.000<0.01