Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Pomegranate

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0182

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of low temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant activity of different varieties of pomegranate seedlings were analyzed from physiological level, and representative evaluation indexes of low temperature effect on pomegranate were screened, which provided scientific basis for breeding research and establishment of cold tolerance evaluation system of pomegranate. Two varieties of 1-year old Kashic acid pomegranate (strong cold resistance) and Tunisian soft seed pomegranate (weak cold resistance) were used as experimental materials, and 5 temperature levels were set in the artificial climate chamber for 2, 4 and 6 days by means of artificial simulation of low temperature test method to explore the effects of low temperature treatment on leaf light response curves (P_max, AQY, LCP, LSP), leaf water saturation deficit (WSD), reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂, O₂^·-) and antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, CAT, APX) of two kinds of pomegranate seedlings. The physiological and biochemical indexes of cold resistance were screened by principal component analysis. The results showed that the maximum photosynthetic rate, surface light quantum efficiency and light saturation point of the two kinds of pomegranates decreased with the extension of low temperature stress time. With the decrease of stress temperature and the extension of low temperature stress time, the integrity of cell membrane was damaged, and the water saturation deficit, H₂O₂ content and production rate of leaves showed an increasing trend. With the decrease of stress temperature, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased first and then decreased. Principal component analysis showed that the importance of cold resistance screening index was H₂O₂=SOD>LSP>POD>LCP>P_max>O₂^·->WSD>AQY>CAT>APX. In conclusion, low temperature stress damaged the structures and functions of photosynthetic organs of the two kinds of pomegranates, reduced the photosynthetic rate and suffered oxidative damage at the same time. The antioxidant system responded to the low temperature stress to resist the damage caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to the membrane plasma peroxidation, so as to maintain the stability of the antioxidant oxidase system and reduce the membrane permeability damage. By comparison of principal component analysis, it was found that maintenance of photosynthesis or accumulation of higher antioxidant enzyme activity under low temperature stress was the reason for the stronger cold resistance of Kashi acid pomegranate than Tunis soft seed pomegranate.

Key words: pomegranate, low temperature stress, photosynthesis, antioxidase

GUAN Sihui, CHAI Yaqian, YANG Yuanling, LIU Huiying, HAO Qing, DIAO Ming. Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Pomegranate[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(3): 66-75.

Figures/Tables 10

References 33

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品种	持续天数/d	处理	最大光合速率/ [μmol/(m²·s)]	表观量子效率	光饱和点/ [μmol/(m²·s)]	光补偿点/ [μmol/(m²·s)]
喀什酸石榴	2	CK	19.666±0.334a	0.0085±0.0007a	1345.46±21.413a	34.87±2.611b
		T₁	15.383±0.303b	0.0080±0.0004ab	1237.54±28.507b	34.09±0.969b
		T₂	13.038±0.220c	0.0068±0.0005bc	1152.71±13.742c	35.71±0.457ab
		T₃	8.024±0.485d	00064±0.0002c	1144.16±15.743c	37.75±0.465ab
		T₄	5.312±0.106e	0.0056±0.0001c	1035.68±33.073d	39.95±0.948a
	4	CK	18.086±0.189a	0.0080±0.0004a	1342.75±30.481a	33.10±1.195c
		T₁	13.088±0.63b	0.0071±0.0001a	1181.88±14.903b	36.78±2.275bc
		T₂	9140±0.118c	0.0063±0.0006ab	1046.09±24.518c	42.32±2.101b
		T₃	7.305±0.367d	0.0045±0.0012b	952.22±25.499d	49.88±1.862a
		T₄	3.840±0.267e	00049±0.0001b	856.63±15.074e	55.02±1.500a
	6	CK	18369±0.107a	0.0078±0.0004a	1331.84±29.519a	31.56±2.699c
		T₁	12.789±0.899b	0.0065±0.0003b	1092.90±58.962b	42.87±2.816b
		T₂	8.786±0.459c	0.0051±0.0005c	953.49±15.343c	46.75±2.067b
		T₃	5.117±0.259d	0.0041±0.0002cd	829.89±22.026d	57.34±0687a
		T₄	3.487±0362d	0.0028±0.0004d	721.90±22.817d	61.68±0.984a
突尼斯软籽石榴	2	CK	17.960±0.165a	0.0084±0.0005a	1298.30±52.144a	31.57±1.014c
		T₁	14.147±0.433b	0.0068±0.0004ab	1230.89±48.156a	34.03±1.336c
		T₂	9260±0.719c	0.0066±0.0005ab	1189.51±15.663ab	39.77±1.040b
		T₃	6.464±0.344d	0.0060±0.0009bc	1077.76±25.559b	42.37±0.983ab
		T₄	2.745±0.483e	0.0044±0.0005c	947.98±11.884c	44.76±0.667a
	4	CK	14.353±0.376a	0.0088±0.0003a	1300.83±44.045a	30.13±0.847e
		T₁	8.174±0.41b	0.0055±0.0005b	1084.10±15.920b	41.80±0.399d
		T₂	6.616±0.299c	0.0046±0.0006b	936.18±35.550c	46.25±1.066c
		T₃	3.455±028d	0.0044±0.0002bc	867.78±31.218c	51.31±0.806b
		T₄	2.005±0.085e	0.0032±0.0003c	752.07±24.092d	57.86±0758a
	6	CK	14.272±0.424a	0.0079±0.0004a	1250.76±34.476a	27.86±0.472d
		T₁	5.400±0.184b	0.0047±0.0006b	963.22±57.922b	47.82±2.258c
		T₂	4.106±0.134c	0.0038±0.0005bc	765.87±34.635c	57.23±1.555b
		T₃	1.329±0.166d	0.0029±0.0005cd	712.95±26.892cd	665.98±2.542a
		T₄	0.594±0.199d	0.0015±0.0003d	596.02±5.683d	69.27±1.213a

品种	持续天数/d	处理	最大光合速率/ [μmol/(m²·s)]	表观量子效率	光饱和点/ [μmol/(m²·s)]	光补偿点/ [μmol/(m²·s)]
喀什酸石榴	2	CK	19.666±0.334a	0.0085±0.0007a	1345.46±21.413a	34.87±2.611b
		T₁	15.383±0.303b	0.0080±0.0004ab	1237.54±28.507b	34.09±0.969b
		T₂	13.038±0.220c	0.0068±0.0005bc	1152.71±13.742c	35.71±0.457ab
		T₃	8.024±0.485d	00064±0.0002c	1144.16±15.743c	37.75±0.465ab
		T₄	5.312±0.106e	0.0056±0.0001c	1035.68±33.073d	39.95±0.948a
	4	CK	18.086±0.189a	0.0080±0.0004a	1342.75±30.481a	33.10±1.195c
		T₁	13.088±0.63b	0.0071±0.0001a	1181.88±14.903b	36.78±2.275bc
		T₂	9140±0.118c	0.0063±0.0006ab	1046.09±24.518c	42.32±2.101b
		T₃	7.305±0.367d	0.0045±0.0012b	952.22±25.499d	49.88±1.862a
		T₄	3.840±0.267e	00049±0.0001b	856.63±15.074e	55.02±1.500a
	6	CK	18369±0.107a	0.0078±0.0004a	1331.84±29.519a	31.56±2.699c
		T₁	12.789±0.899b	0.0065±0.0003b	1092.90±58.962b	42.87±2.816b
		T₂	8.786±0.459c	0.0051±0.0005c	953.49±15.343c	46.75±2.067b
		T₃	5.117±0.259d	0.0041±0.0002cd	829.89±22.026d	57.34±0687a
		T₄	3.487±0362d	0.0028±0.0004d	721.90±22.817d	61.68±0.984a
突尼斯软籽石榴	2	CK	17.960±0.165a	0.0084±0.0005a	1298.30±52.144a	31.57±1.014c
		T₁	14.147±0.433b	0.0068±0.0004ab	1230.89±48.156a	34.03±1.336c
		T₂	9260±0.719c	0.0066±0.0005ab	1189.51±15.663ab	39.77±1.040b
		T₃	6.464±0.344d	0.0060±0.0009bc	1077.76±25.559b	42.37±0.983ab
		T₄	2.745±0.483e	0.0044±0.0005c	947.98±11.884c	44.76±0.667a
	4	CK	14.353±0.376a	0.0088±0.0003a	1300.83±44.045a	30.13±0.847e
		T₁	8.174±0.41b	0.0055±0.0005b	1084.10±15.920b	41.80±0.399d
		T₂	6.616±0.299c	0.0046±0.0006b	936.18±35.550c	46.25±1.066c
		T₃	3.455±028d	0.0044±0.0002bc	867.78±31.218c	51.31±0.806b
		T₄	2.005±0.085e	0.0032±0.0003c	752.07±24.092d	57.86±0758a
	6	CK	14.272±0.424a	0.0079±0.0004a	1250.76±34.476a	27.86±0.472d
		T₁	5.400±0.184b	0.0047±0.0006b	963.22±57.922b	47.82±2.258c
		T₂	4.106±0.134c	0.0038±0.0005bc	765.87±34.635c	57.23±1.555b
		T₃	1.329±0.166d	0.0029±0.0005cd	712.95±26.892cd	665.98±2.542a
		T₄	0.594±0.199d	0.0015±0.0003d	596.02±5.683d	69.27±1.213a

指标	主成分Y₁	主成分Y₂
最大光合速率	-0.949	0.272
表观量子效率	-0.837	0.119
光饱和点	-0.979	-0.035
光补偿点	0.952	0.119
过氧化氢含量	0.983	-0.173
超氧阴离子速率	0.938	-0.268
水分饱和亏	0.934	0.292
POD活性	0.976	-0.200
SOD活性	-0.983	0.058
CAT活性	0.723	0.219
APX活性	0.554	0.816
特征值	8.934	1.048
贡献率/%	81.220	9.528
累计贡献率/%	81.220	90.748

指标	主成分Y₁	主成分Y₂
最大光合速率	-0.949	0.272
表观量子效率	-0.837	0.119
光饱和点	-0.979	-0.035
光补偿点	0.952	0.119
过氧化氢含量	0.983	-0.173
超氧阴离子速率	0.938	-0.268
水分饱和亏	0.934	0.292
POD活性	0.976	-0.200
SOD活性	-0.983	0.058
CAT活性	0.723	0.219
APX活性	0.554	0.816
特征值	8.934	1.048
贡献率/%	81.220	9.528
累计贡献率/%	81.220	90.748