Effect of Top Grafting on Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Branches and Roots

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0950

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of top grafting on the physiological characteristics of walnut branches and roots, 10-year-old seeding rootstock+ ‘Xiangling’ walnut was used to be top grafted with ‘Qingxiang’, with short cutting as the control. Physiological characteristics of annual branches and roots were compared and analyzed after 3 years of survival. The results showed that: (1) the vessel density, average length of annual branches after top grafting was 76.82 N/mm², and 39.85 cm respectively, and the contents of N and K in leaves were 27.20 and 7.17 g/kg, which were significantly higher than those in regeneration treatments (P<0.05), indicating that top grafting improved the efficiency of nutrient transport and crown recovery. (2) The diameter of vessel of roots in 20-40 cm soil layer under regeneration treatment was 86.55 μm; the average density of vessel of roots in 0-20 cm soil layer reached 149.33 N/mm², which were significantly higher than those in top grafting treatments (P<0.05), indicating that top grafting with ‘Qingxiang’ changed the root structure to some extent. (3)The ratio of phloem thickness to branch radius in 0-20 cm soil layer after top grafting was 0.39, and the average length, diameter and the perimeter thickness of roots were 10.64 cm, 2.36 mm and 70.09 μm, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in regeneration treatments, indicating that the photosynthetic products tended to be distributed to roots in 0-20 cm soil layer after top grafting with ‘Qingxiang’. (4) After top grafting with ‘Qingxiang’, the cambium thickness of annual branches and roots in 20-40 cm soil layer reached 36.26 and 76.42 μm respectively, which were significantly higher than those in regeneration treatments. It means that it may have a strong thickening growth potential. So, ‘Xiangling’ walnut top grafted with ‘Qingxiang’ changed the annual branches and root transport structure, improved the nutrient transport efficiency, and then promoted the growth of crown and surface roots.

Key words: walnut, top grafting, leaf nutrients, conductive tissue, vessel

XU Yongjie, XU Yawen, WANG Daiquan, WANG Qizhu, FU Yanan, FANG Lijun, HUANG Faxin. Effect of Top Grafting on Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Branches and Roots[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(13): 55-59.

Figures/Tables 7

References 26

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处理	长度/cm	横截面半径/mm	周皮厚度/μm	皮层厚度/μm	韧皮部厚度/μm	木质部厚度/μm	形成层厚度/μm	髓部半径/μm
高接	39.85±4.89a	3.33±0.32b	62.27±14.09a	254.30±31.24a	287.33±12.82b	654.50±38.70b	36.26±2.91a	468.85±306.73a
更新	8.80±1.01b	4.17±0.07a	67.55±26.07a	316.79±89.53a	389.11±10.17a	1325.63±234.20a	13.22±3.22b	478.41±177.01a

处理	长度/cm	横截面半径/mm	周皮厚度/μm	皮层厚度/μm	韧皮部厚度/μm	木质部厚度/μm	形成层厚度/μm	髓部半径/μm
高接	39.85±4.89a	3.33±0.32b	62.27±14.09a	254.30±31.24a	287.33±12.82b	654.50±38.70b	36.26±2.91a	468.85±306.73a
更新	8.80±1.01b	4.17±0.07a	67.55±26.07a	316.79±89.53a	389.11±10.17a	1325.63±234.20a	13.22±3.22b	478.41±177.01a

处理	导管直径/μm	导管密度/(N/mm²)	木质部厚度/枝条半径	韧皮部厚度/枝条半径	木质部厚度/韧皮部厚度
高接	57.31±1.57a	76.82±13.91a	0.10±0.02b	0.09±0.01a	1.34±0.06b
更新	55.85±1.13a	16.60±3.39b	0.16±0.03a	0.09±0.01a	1.70±0.27a

处理	导管直径/μm	导管密度/(N/mm²)	木质部厚度/枝条半径	韧皮部厚度/枝条半径	木质部厚度/韧皮部厚度
高接	57.31±1.57a	76.82±13.91a	0.10±0.02b	0.09±0.01a	1.34±0.06b
更新	55.85±1.13a	16.60±3.39b	0.16±0.03a	0.09±0.01a	1.70±0.27a

处理	N	P	K
高接	27.20±0.37a	2.61±0.08a	7.17±0.07a
更新	25.22±0.45b	2.45±0.14a	7.00±0.05b