Effects of Acidic Substances on pH of Slightly Alkaline Soil and Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0104

Abstract

Abstract:

To solve the problem of low potassium content in tobacco leaves caused by high soil pH and rich calcium ion content in slightly alkaline soil, the pot and field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different dosage and combination of oxalic acid, citric acid and sulfur powder on soil pH value, available potassium, available calcium content, chemical indexes and yield of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that: (1) all acidic substances and their combinations could reduce soil pH within a certain range. In terms of improving soil available potassium content and tobacco yield and quality, citric acid and ztric acid + sulfur had significant effects. It had been preliminarily established as an acidic substance suitable for improving slightly alkaline soil. (2) After the application of acidic substances, it could effectively reduce the pH and exchangeable calcium ion content of rhizosphere soil, and improve the content of available potassium in soil. The T₄ (citric acid 4 g/plant + sulphur powder 11 g/plant) and T₂ (citric acid 15 g/plant) had better treatment effects. (3) After the application of acid substances, the yield of tobacco leaves was significantly increased, ranked as followed: T₄>T₃>T₅>T₂>T₁>T₀, and there were significant difference between T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₀, with an increase of 65-260 kg/hm² compared to T₀. (4) After the application of acid substances, the internal quality of tobacco leaves was effectively improved. The comprehensive index of chemical composition was 0.66-0.87, which was 8.19%-60.78% higher than that without the application of acidic substances. (5) Compared with not applying acidic substances, the potassium content of middle and upper leaves increased by 24.3% and 20.3% respectively. Citric acid 4 g/plant + sulfur powder 11 g/plant and citric acid 15 g/plant were suitable formulas for improving slightly alkaline soil. They can effectively reduce soil pH and exchangeable calcium content, increase tobacco yield and potassium content, and improve the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, slightly alkaline soil, soil pH, potassium content in tobacco leave, acidic substances, soil improvement, tobacco yield

YU Yaoying, ZHANG Lei, LIU Yong, HUANG Xiaoqin, HE Jixian, WANG Dong, ZHANG Qili, GU Huizhan. Effects of Acidic Substances on pH of Slightly Alkaline Soil and Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(4): 10-18.

Figures/Tables 10

References 26

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试验名称	土壤类型	pH	全钾/(g/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)
盆栽试验	石灰性紫色土	7.44	13.2	46.7	4.1	75.5	0.69	28
大田试验	石灰性紫色土	7.48	12.8	110.2	3.9	69.3	0.67	28

试验名称	土壤类型	pH	全钾/(g/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)
盆栽试验	石灰性紫色土	7.44	13.2	46.7	4.1	75.5	0.69	28
大田试验	石灰性紫色土	7.48	12.8	110.2	3.9	69.3	0.67	28

隶属度	抛物线型							S型
隶属度	总糖	还原糖	总氮	烟碱	氮碱比	糖碱比	氯	钾	钾氯比
x₁	10.0	11.5	1.1	1.2	0.55	2.0	0.2	0.8	0.8
x₂	20.0	19.0	2.0	2.1	0.95	8.5	0.3
x₃	28.0	20.0	2.3	2.4	1.05	9.5	0.8
x₄	35.0	27.0	3.4	3.5	1.45	15.0	1.2	2.5	8.0
权重	10.00	9.55	9.98	12.27	10.82	12.79	12.23	10.57	11.78

隶属度	抛物线型							S型
隶属度	总糖	还原糖	总氮	烟碱	氮碱比	糖碱比	氯	钾	钾氯比
x₁	10.0	11.5	1.1	1.2	0.55	2.0	0.2	0.8	0.8
x₂	20.0	19.0	2.0	2.1	0.95	8.5	0.3
x₃	28.0	20.0	2.3	2.4	1.05	9.5	0.8
x₄	35.0	27.0	3.4	3.5	1.45	15.0	1.2	2.5	8.0
权重	10.00	9.55	9.98	12.27	10.82	12.79	12.23	10.57	11.78

处理	叶片干重/(g/株)				叶片总干重较 CK增加/%
处理	上部	中部	下部	合计	叶片总干重较 CK增加/%
CK	41.33	33.33	16.67	91.33fghi
C₁	40.50	34.66	17.67	92.83fgh	1.65
C₂	42.00	34.33	18.00	94.33efgh	3.29
C₃	31.83	35.67	26.33	93.83efgh	2.74
C₄	35.33	38.67	24.67	98.67bcdefg	8.03
C₅	45.33	35.67	25.33	106.33ab	16.43
C₆	44.83	44.33	19.67	108.83a	19.16
C₇	43.67	34.00	20.00	97.67cdefgh	6.94
C₈	43.33	39.67	21.67	104.67abc	14.60
C₉	38.67	35.33	21.22	95.22defgh	4.26
C₁₀	42.00	34.33	21.77	98.10cdefgh	7.41
C₁₁	30.67	31.33	20.67	82.67j	-9.49
C₁₂	34.00	35.33	21.00	90.33hi	-1.09
C₁₃	37.67	32.33	23.33	93.33fgh	2.19
C₁₄	41.33	39.67	21.33	102.33abcd	12.05
C₁₅	43.33	34.00	24.33	101.67abcde	11.32
C₁₆	35.00	36.33	19.27	90.60ghi	-0.80
C₁₇	40.67	38.67	19.77	99.10bcdef	8.51
C₁₈	34.33	30.67	19.96	84.96ij	-6.98