Effect of Sowing Date on Field Agronomic Traits and Yield of Spring-sown Soybeans

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0652

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different sowing dates on field agronomic traits and yield formation of spring-sown soybeans, 'Nandou 50', 'Zhonghuang 39', and 'Zhongdou 54' were selected as experimental materials. A field experiment with two-factor split-plot design was conducted to analyze the impacts of 12 sowing dates on growth stages, agronomic traits, and yield of the three spring-sown soybean varieties. The results demonstrated that the durations of vegetative, reproductive, and whole growth period all showed decreasing trends with the sowing date delayed, and the effect of sowing date on vegetative growth period was significantly greater than that on reproductive growth period. Plant height initially increased and then gradually decreased, while the height of the bottom pod generally exhibited a pattern of initial increase, followed by decrease, and subsequent rise. The effects of sowing date on soybean yield and its components, including the number of effective pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grains per plant, grain weight per plant, all increased first and then decreased, and the grain weight and grain number per plant contributed the most to yield, accounting for 30% and 28% respectively. Among all treatments, soybeans sown on March 21 and March 28 demonstrated optimal yield performance, with the yield of 'Nandou 50' achieving 3244.57 kg/hm² and 3087.92 kg/hm², 'Zhonghuang 39' reaching 3270.62 kg/hm² and 3330.43 kg/hm², 'Zhongdou 54' producing 3199.55 kg/hm² and 2983.79 kg/hm², respectively. Comprehensive analysis of all performance indicators revealed that the optimal sowing window for spring soybean in Sichuan hilly areas is late March, and yield would be significantly reduced when sowing date was delayed beyond April 25.

Key words: spring-sown, soybeans, sowing date, plant height, height of the bottom pod, agronomic traits, yield, growth stages

LIU Li, DU Xiaoyu, PU Chunlei, LUO Youming, FU Yong, ZENG Zhaoqiong, JIANG Jiefeng. Effect of Sowing Date on Field Agronomic Traits and Yield of Spring-sown Soybeans[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(15): 23-31.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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处理		全生育期			日均
处理		积温/℃	降雨量/mm	日照时数/h	积温/℃	降雨量/mm	日照时数/h
品种	南豆50	2882.40	481.94	654.89	24.93	4.18	5.67
	中黄39	2995.38	501.18	687.59	25.07	4.21	5.76
	中豆54	2643.63	424.31	592.03	24.67	3.98	5.53
播期	A1	2897.13	445.37	653.70	21.98	3.38	4.96
	A2	2867.30	440.77	645.67	22.50	3.45	5.07
	A3	2895.30	462.30	666.10	23.27	3.70	5.35
	A4	2850.73	453.10	654.67	23.81	3.77	5.47
	A5	2828.80	473.03	638.10	24.37	4.07	5.49
	A6	2769.23	492.93	612.87	24.64	4.39	5.45
	A7	2772.73	415.90	639.77	25.28	3.80	5.83
	A8	2818.87	422.87	638.23	25.94	3.89	5.87
	A9	2840.63	453.13	634.43	26.30	4.18	5.88
	A10	2856.23	488.97	635.57	26.60	4.55	5.92
	A11	2848.23	513.70	653.57	26.87	4.85	6.16
	A12	2840.40	567.63	665.40	27.14	5.41	6.35

处理		全生育期			日均
处理		积温/℃	降雨量/mm	日照时数/h	积温/℃	降雨量/mm	日照时数/h
品种	南豆50	2882.40	481.94	654.89	24.93	4.18	5.67
	中黄39	2995.38	501.18	687.59	25.07	4.21	5.76
	中豆54	2643.63	424.31	592.03	24.67	3.98	5.53
播期	A1	2897.13	445.37	653.70	21.98	3.38	4.96
	A2	2867.30	440.77	645.67	22.50	3.45	5.07
	A3	2895.30	462.30	666.10	23.27	3.70	5.35
	A4	2850.73	453.10	654.67	23.81	3.77	5.47
	A5	2828.80	473.03	638.10	24.37	4.07	5.49
	A6	2769.23	492.93	612.87	24.64	4.39	5.45
	A7	2772.73	415.90	639.77	25.28	3.80	5.83
	A8	2818.87	422.87	638.23	25.94	3.89	5.87
	A9	2840.63	453.13	634.43	26.30	4.18	5.88
	A10	2856.23	488.97	635.57	26.60	4.55	5.92
	A11	2848.23	513.70	653.57	26.87	4.85	6.16
	A12	2840.40	567.63	665.40	27.14	5.41	6.35

品种	处理	生育期（月-日）				生育阶段/d			全生育期/d	生殖生长/ 营养生长
品种	处理	播种期	出苗期	始花期	成熟期	播种-出苗	营养生长	生殖生长	全生育期/d	生殖生长/ 营养生长
南豆50	A1	3-14	3-26	5-19	7-23	12	54	65	131	1.20
	A2	3-21	4-4	5-26	7-28	14	52	63	129	1.21
	A3	3-28	4-11	5-31	8-2	14	50	63	127	1.26
	A4	4-4	4-15	6-3	8-4	11	49	62	122	1.27
	A5	4-11	4-22	6-3	8-5	11	42	63	116	1.50
	A6	4-18	4-27	6-11	8-10	9	45	60	114	1.33
	A7	4-25	5-3	6-15	8-13	8	43	59	110	1.37
	A8	5-2	5-9	6-19	8-15	7	41	57	105	1.39
	A9	5-9	5-17	6-25	8-19	8	39	55	102	1.41
	A10	5-16	5-23	7-3	8-25	7	41	53	101	1.29
	A11	5-23	5-29	7-6	8-30	6	38	55	99	1.45
	A12	5-30	6-3	7-11	9-5	4	38	56	98	1.47
中黄39	A1	3-14	3-26	5-17	8-1	12	52	76	140	1.46
	A2	3-21	4-4	5-21	8-3	14	47	74	135	1.57
	A3	3-28	4-11	5-25	8-5	14	44	72	130	1.64
	A4	4-4	4-15	5-29	8-7	11	44	70	125	1.59
	A5	4-11	4-21	6-1	8-11	10	41	71	122	1.73
	A6	4-18	4-27	6-10	8-13	9	44	64	117	1.45
	A7	4-25	5-3	6-13	8-16	8	41	64	113	1.56
	A8	5-2	5-9	6-17	8-20	7	39	64	110	1.64
	A9	5-9	5-16	6-22	8-25	7	37	64	108	1.73
	A10	5-16	5-23	6-27	8-30	7	35	64	106	1.83
	A11	5-23	5-29	7-2	9-4	6	34	64	104	1.88
	A12	5-30	6-4	7-6	9-7	5	32	63	100	1.97
中豆54	A1	3-14	3-27	5-14	7-13	13	48	60	121	1.25
	A2	3-21	4-5	5-19	7-17	15	44	59	118	1.34
	A3	3-28	4-12	5-21	7-19	15	39	59	113	1.51
	A4	4-4	4-16	5-21	7-23	12	35	63	110	1.80
	A5	4-11	4-22	5-30	7-25	11	38	56	105	1.47
	A6	4-18	4-28	6-4	7-30	10	37	56	103	1.51
	A7	4-25	5-3	6-9	8-4	8	37	56	101	1.51
	A8	5-2	5-10	6-13	8-8	8	34	56	98	1.65
	A9	5-9	5-16	6-18	8-12	7	33	55	95	1.67
	A10	5-16	5-23	6-23	8-17	7	31	55	93	1.77
	A11	5-23	5-30	6-26	8-20	7	27	55	89	2.04
	A12	5-30	6-4	6-30	8-23	5	26	54	85	2.08

品种	处理	生育期（月-日）				生育阶段/d			全生育期/d	生殖生长/ 营养生长
品种	处理	播种期	出苗期	始花期	成熟期	播种-出苗	营养生长	生殖生长	全生育期/d	生殖生长/ 营养生长
南豆50	A1	3-14	3-26	5-19	7-23	12	54	65	131	1.20
	A2	3-21	4-4	5-26	7-28	14	52	63	129	1.21
	A3	3-28	4-11	5-31	8-2	14	50	63	127	1.26
	A4	4-4	4-15	6-3	8-4	11	49	62	122	1.27
	A5	4-11	4-22	6-3	8-5	11	42	63	116	1.50
	A6	4-18	4-27	6-11	8-10	9	45	60	114	1.33
	A7	4-25	5-3	6-15	8-13	8	43	59	110	1.37
	A8	5-2	5-9	6-19	8-15	7	41	57	105	1.39
	A9	5-9	5-17	6-25	8-19	8	39	55	102	1.41
	A10	5-16	5-23	7-3	8-25	7	41	53	101	1.29
	A11	5-23	5-29	7-6	8-30	6	38	55	99	1.45
	A12	5-30	6-3	7-11	9-5	4	38	56	98	1.47
中黄39	A1	3-14	3-26	5-17	8-1	12	52	76	140	1.46
	A2	3-21	4-4	5-21	8-3	14	47	74	135	1.57
	A3	3-28	4-11	5-25	8-5	14	44	72	130	1.64
	A4	4-4	4-15	5-29	8-7	11	44	70	125	1.59
	A5	4-11	4-21	6-1	8-11	10	41	71	122	1.73
	A6	4-18	4-27	6-10	8-13	9	44	64	117	1.45
	A7	4-25	5-3	6-13	8-16	8	41	64	113	1.56
	A8	5-2	5-9	6-17	8-20	7	39	64	110	1.64
	A9	5-9	5-16	6-22	8-25	7	37	64	108	1.73
	A10	5-16	5-23	6-27	8-30	7	35	64	106	1.83
	A11	5-23	5-29	7-2	9-4	6	34	64	104	1.88
	A12	5-30	6-4	7-6	9-7	5	32	63	100	1.97
中豆54	A1	3-14	3-27	5-14	7-13	13	48	60	121	1.25
	A2	3-21	4-5	5-19	7-17	15	44	59	118	1.34
	A3	3-28	4-12	5-21	7-19	15	39	59	113	1.51
	A4	4-4	4-16	5-21	7-23	12	35	63	110	1.80
	A5	4-11	4-22	5-30	7-25	11	38	56	105	1.47
	A6	4-18	4-28	6-4	7-30	10	37	56	103	1.51
	A7	4-25	5-3	6-9	8-4	8	37	56	101	1.51
	A8	5-2	5-10	6-13	8-8	8	34	56	98	1.65
	A9	5-9	5-16	6-18	8-12	7	33	55	95	1.67
	A10	5-16	5-23	6-23	8-17	7	31	55	93	1.77
	A11	5-23	5-30	6-26	8-20	7	27	55	89	2.04
	A12	5-30	6-4	6-30	8-23	5	26	54	85	2.08

品种	处理	单株有效荚数/个	百粒重/g	单株粒数/粒	单株粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
南豆50	A1	34.47±0.61 ab	31.10±1.42 a	53.67±1.15 c	15.58±0.30 ab	3040.86±145.47 b
	A2	36.20±0.40 ab	29.45±1.49 a	56.63±1.93 bc	16.21±0.59 a	3244.57±133.99 a
	A3	37.28±2.19 a	27.31±0.92 b	61.90±1.70 a	14.30±0.91 bc	3087.92±190.41 ab
	A4	32.97±0.55 abc	25.79±1.48 b	59.37±0.32 ab	13.07±0.44 cd	2800.73±125.87 c
	A5	32.62±0.38 abc	22.38±0.19 c	45.03±1.89 de	9.08±0.78 f	2174.39±142.98 e
	A6	32.52±1.12 abc	21.58±0.62 cd	55.87±1.19 bc	11.40±0.70 e	2531.37±13.01 d
	A7	32.27±1.14 abc	21.36±3.93 cd	54.67±1.36 c	11.62±2.83 de	2522.68±31.34 d
	A8	31.70±6.94 bcd	20.57±0.88 de	45.53±1.76 de	8.83±0.83 fg	2129.53±51.52 e
	A9	31.73±0.46 bcd	19.02±0.30 e	46.97±1.15 d	8.70±0.30 fg	1886.73±79.43 f
	A10	28.82±13.15 cd	21.28±1.19 cd	43.50±1.54 de	8.84±1.12 fg	1842.59±97.73 f
	A11	27.80±6.80 cd	20.15±1.13 de	42.83±0.91 e	7.29±2.04 g	1518.09±47.38 g
	A12	26.33±1.1 0d	19.42±0.43 e	22.73±0.50 f	5.34±2.09 h	938.41±43.89 h
中黄39	A1	35.13±3.19 a	31.40±0.38 ab	48.20±2.08 cd	15.30±0.44 a	3025.51±141.71 c
	A2	36.53±0.81 a	32.44±0.39 a	53.13±2.90 ab	16.50±0.27 a	3270.62±142.08 ab
	A3	34.37±0.68 a	30.43±0.32 bc	56.77±1.01 a	16.12±0.78 a	3330.43±70.10 a
	A4	31.67±0.31 ab	29.37±1.21 cd	51.63±2.20 bc	12.88±0.65 b	3102.99±238.22 bc
	A5	28.67±0.61 bc	27.36±0.87 efg	47.37±3.29 d	11.21±1.14 c	2535.54±66.24 d
	A6	27.57±0.71 bc	29.34±0.73 cd	50.97±3.11 bcd	11.30±0.96 bc	2556.47±175.40 d
	A7	28.13±4.50 bc	28.31±0.10 def	50.27±6.00 bcd	11.23±0.77 c	2287.59±120.68 e
	A8	27.73±1.10 bc	26.58±6.18 fgh	35.90±1.47 e	10.48±0.17 c	2122.14±173.22 e
	A9	26.08±3.33 c	28.92±3.88 cde	19.50±1.23 f	6.05±0.94 d	1300.05±34.68 f
	A10	27.80±6.22 bc	28.42±0.31 de	18.23±1.79 f	4.21±1.07 e	886.99±24.04 g
	A11	19.18±0.91 d	25.92±0.17 gh	11.00±1.70 g	3.71±1.38 e	861.05±77.20 g
	A12	16.60±1.71 d	25.06±0.14 h	11.57±1.62 g	3.14±0.33 e	590.31±44.49 h
中豆54	A1	32.30±0.10 b	25.63±0.27 d	49.50±0.95 bc	12.91±0.58 bc	2911.11±23.87 bc
	A2	34.60±1.60 ab	26.65±1.03 bcd	55.77±2.18 a	15.13±0.30 a	3199.55±109.97 a
	A3	38.30±0.90 a	27.36±0.77 bc	55.30±2.50 a	15.47±0.32 a	2983.79±76.24 bc
	A4	31.60±2.23 bc	31.04±0.55 a	45.13±4.93 de	11.69±1.54 c	2547.32±12.36 e
	A5	32.20±0.53 bc	30.07±0.67 a	48.67±3.31 bcd	14.11±0.75 ab	3072.54±9.61 ab
	A6	32.33±1.81 b	27.37±0.45 bc	51.97±1.65 ab	12.77±0.16 bc	2836.4±28.24 cd
	A7	24.97±0.85 de	26.97±0.52 bcd	45.90±1.95 cd	12.51±0.68 bc	2727.35±123.85 d
	A8	32.49±1.58 b	26.30±0.21 cd	41.43±3.30 ef	9.99±0.55 d	2172.5±154.58 f
	A9	30.33±6.38 bcd	28.22±0.16 b	38.83±2.37 f	9.21±0.27 de	1786.74±41.90 g
	A10	29.33±0.31 bcd	25.28±1.16 d	33.97±2.92 g	8.13±0.72 ef	1589.39±166.67 h
	A11	26.73±0.70 cd	22.51±0.67 e	31.00±1.80 g	7.09±0.11 f	1326.13±39.96 i
	A12	21.13±0.42 e	22.23±0.68 e	21.33±1.53 h	4.71±0.18 g	990.17±42.26 j
F值
品种		129.74^**	224.95^**	205.92^**	9.09^**	30.58^**
播期		170.134^*	45.42^**	251.58^**	128.35^**	480.03 ^**
品种x播期		14.3	13.57^**	20.43^**	6.67^**	17.83^**