Abstract: The applications of the gray correlation analysis and the relation analysis on optimizing agricultural structure in the Middle Region of China were preliminarily analyzed, which include the village economy, the gross output value of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the grain output, the meat output, the elements with the bigger contribution were respectively determined, and the research series were respectively simulated and forecasted using the time series models in this paper. The present situation of agricultural structure in the Middle Region of China was: the non-agricultural industry with an increasingly important contribution, the farming-animal husbandry industrial structure, the superior industrial zones of grain crops including high quality maize, high quality wheat, high quality rice and high quality soybean, and the superior regions of high quality ox or sheep production. In this connection, according to the regional resource superiorities in the area, the high quality rice, high quality wheat, high quality maize and high quality soybean should be energetically developed, the superior ox or sheep industry should be vigorously developed, and the superior non-agricultural industry should be devoted major efforts to developing in line with local conditions.