Fruit Quality Analysis of Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Laiyang’ at Different Tree Ages

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0226

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of tree age on the fruit quality of Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Laiyang’, fruit samples from trees with eight different ages from 5 to over 400 years old were selected. Quality indicators including organic acids, soluble sugars and antioxidant capacity were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the single fruit weight from trees with 300 a and 400 a- was significantly higher than those from 5, 50, 75 and 100 a. The fruits from the tree with 400 a- exhibited the highest soluble solids content and solid-acid ratio. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the peel were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those in the pulp, and the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids in pear peel and pulp were significantly different among some tree ages. In both the peel and pulp, malic acid was the highest organic acid. The contents of malic acid, quinic acid, and citric acid in the peel initially increased and then decreased with tree age, with malic acid content in the trees with 100-400 a- being higher than those in 25-75 a and significantly higher than those in 5 a. The contents of quinic acid and citric acid in the trees with 50-400 a-were higher or significantly higher than those in 5 and 25 a. The main soluble sugars in both peel and pulp were fructose, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose, with fructose content in the tree with 400 a- being significantly higher than other tree ages. The ferric ion reducing ability of the peel fluctuated and increased with tree age, peaking in the tree with 400 a-, while the ABTS radical scavenging ability showed significant differences among some tree ages, with the highest in the tree with 300 a. The ferric ion reducing ability and ABTS radical scavenging ability of the pulp increased with tree age, reaching their peaks in the trees with 100 a and 400 a-, respectively. This study clarified the key influence of tree age on the quality formation of Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Laiyang’, and provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of ancient tree resources and the protection of excellent germplasm resources.

Key words: Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Laiyang’, fruit, quality, tree age, organic acids, soluble sugars, antioxidant capacity

WU Dandan, WU Xiaoxing, LIN Menghua, LIANG Ying, GU Hongsheng. Fruit Quality Analysis of Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Laiyang’ at Different Tree Ages[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(22): 156-164.

Figures/Tables 5

References 36

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树龄	单果重/g	果形指数	硬度/(kg/cm²)	总酸/(g/kg)	可溶性固形物/%	固酸比	石细胞/%	维生素C/(mg/100 g)
5 a	393.80±13.30d	0.88±0.04a	3.15±0.16a	1.22±0.20a	13.57±0.48abc	113.61±16.51ab	0.03±0.01cd	5.63±1.27ab
25 a	465.74±24.07abc	0.89±0.03a	3.34±0.28a	1.48±0.14a	13.87±0.82ab	93.84±5.06b	0.04±0.01cd	4.61±1.40b
50 a	431.12±16.10cd	0.89±0.02a	3.38±0.12a	1.24±0.09a	12.20±0.65c	98.66±2.62ab	0.06±0.01a	4.82±0.62b
75 a	434.93±19.48cd	0.92±0.01a	3.33±0.12a	1.28±0.20a	13.13±0.83bc	104.31±9.61ab	0.04±0.01cd	7.26±0.66a
100 a	435.37±12.87cd	0.92±0.02a	3.42±0.10a	1.18±0.03a	12.67±0.57bc	107.29±2.65ab	0.06±0.01ab	6.17±0.86ab
200 a	440.08±6.67bc	0.89±0.01a	3.43±0.11a	1.32±0.12a	12.97±0.12bc	98.82±8.53ab	0.02±0.01d	5.71±0.10ab
300 a	501.29±27.10a	0.91±0.03a	3.52±0.22a	1.23±0.13a	13.93±0.57ab	114.36±7.03ab	0.04±0.00cd	4.28±0.94b
400 a-	482.68±10.12ab	0.90±0.03a	3.42±0.14a	1.24±0.16a	14.60±0.59a	119.35±10.56a	0.04±0.00bc	5.09±0.90b

树龄	单果重/g	果形指数	硬度/(kg/cm²)	总酸/(g/kg)	可溶性固形物/%	固酸比	石细胞/%	维生素C/(mg/100 g)
5 a	393.80±13.30d	0.88±0.04a	3.15±0.16a	1.22±0.20a	13.57±0.48abc	113.61±16.51ab	0.03±0.01cd	5.63±1.27ab
25 a	465.74±24.07abc	0.89±0.03a	3.34±0.28a	1.48±0.14a	13.87±0.82ab	93.84±5.06b	0.04±0.01cd	4.61±1.40b
50 a	431.12±16.10cd	0.89±0.02a	3.38±0.12a	1.24±0.09a	12.20±0.65c	98.66±2.62ab	0.06±0.01a	4.82±0.62b
75 a	434.93±19.48cd	0.92±0.01a	3.33±0.12a	1.28±0.20a	13.13±0.83bc	104.31±9.61ab	0.04±0.01cd	7.26±0.66a
100 a	435.37±12.87cd	0.92±0.02a	3.42±0.10a	1.18±0.03a	12.67±0.57bc	107.29±2.65ab	0.06±0.01ab	6.17±0.86ab
200 a	440.08±6.67bc	0.89±0.01a	3.43±0.11a	1.32±0.12a	12.97±0.12bc	98.82±8.53ab	0.02±0.01d	5.71±0.10ab
300 a	501.29±27.10a	0.91±0.03a	3.52±0.22a	1.23±0.13a	13.93±0.57ab	114.36±7.03ab	0.04±0.00cd	4.28±0.94b
400 a-	482.68±10.12ab	0.90±0.03a	3.42±0.14a	1.24±0.16a	14.60±0.59a	119.35±10.56a	0.04±0.00bc	5.09±0.90b