Effect of Different Harvesting Methods with Stems on Curing Quality of Upper Leaves

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0366

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the problems of ash deposition and high operational difficulty associated with the traditional one-time stem-attached harvesting and curing of upper tobacco leaves, a study was conducted to optimize stem-attached curing technology and improve the curing quality of upper leaves. Using the upper leaves of ‘Zhongchuan 208’ as the experimental material, four treatments were designed: conventional leaf by leaf harvesting and curing (CK), one-time stem-attached harvesting and curing (T1), segmented stem-attached harvesting and curing with the upper three leaves and lower three leaves (T2), and segmented stem-attached harvesting and curing with the upper two leaves and lower four leaves (T3). Economic traits, appearance quality, neutral aroma substances, Amadori compounds, and sensory quality were determined, and a comprehensive evaluation was performed using correlation analysis and Mantel tests. The results showed: (1) The stem-attached curing treatments all exhibited higher proportions of top grade tobacco, average price, yield value, and neutral aroma substance content than CK. Among them, T2 achieved the best performance, with a top grade tobacco proportion of 80.70%, an average price of 30.17 yuan/kg, and a yield value of 20576.25 yuan/hm². (2) T2 also had the highest content of Amadori compounds (27189 μg/g) and demonstrated superior sensory quality with well-coordinated aroma. (3) Mantel test analysis indicated that 2,6-nonadienal, oxidized isophorone, and solanone were the key aroma indicators affecting the quality of cured tobacco. (4) Correlation analysis between aroma substances and sensory quality showed that increasing the contents of five compounds of 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-furandione, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, β-damascenone, geranylacetone, and megastigmatrienone，and decreasing the contents of three compounds of β-cyclocitral, megastigmatrienone 1, and phenylethanol, could improve the aroma quality and overall quality of cured tobacco. In conclusion, the segmented stem-attached harvesting and curing method of upper three leaves plus lower three leaves simultaneously improved both the appearance and internal quality of upper tobacco leaves, making it the optimal harvesting and curing strategy. Future research should conduct multi location trials across different varieties and ecological regions to explore the synergistic effects of stem attached curing with agronomic measures and further improve the technical parameter system.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, upper leaves, curing method, quality, neutral aroma components, sensory quality, correlation analysis

YANG Xin, ZHANG Mingjin, LI Bin, ZHANG Yonghui, XIE Qiang, WANG Jian’an. Effect of Different Harvesting Methods with Stems on Curing Quality of Upper Leaves[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(7): 210-218.

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

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处理编号	处理方法
CK	逐叶不带茎采收（逐叶采收）
T1	上部叶一次性带茎采烤（半斩茎）
T2	上部叶分为上3片和下3片带茎砍烤（均分段带茎）
T3	上部叶分为上2片和下4片分开带茎采烤（偏分段带茎）

处理编号	处理方法
CK	逐叶不带茎采收（逐叶采收）
T1	上部叶一次性带茎采烤（半斩茎）
T2	上部叶分为上3片和下3片带茎砍烤（均分段带茎）
T3	上部叶分为上2片和下4片分开带茎采烤（偏分段带茎）

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)	均价/(元/kg)	产值/(元/hm²)	上等烟比例/%	中上等烟比例/%
CK	709.35	27.82	19737.00	59.81	91.83
T1	690.75	29.23	20188.35	74.65	93.51
T2	681.90	30.17	20576.25	80.70	94.81
T3	677.85	29.59	20055.75	76.14	93.76

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)	均价/(元/kg)	产值/(元/hm²)	上等烟比例/%	中上等烟比例/%
CK	709.35	27.82	19737.00	59.81	91.83
T1	690.75	29.23	20188.35	74.65	93.51
T2	681.90	30.17	20576.25	80.70	94.81
T3	677.85	29.59	20055.75	76.14	93.76

处理	颜色	成熟度	叶片结构	身份	油分	色度	总分
CK	7.5	7.4	7.2	7.4	7.5	7.5	74.18
T1	7.5	7.4	7.6	7.5	7.4	7.6	74.88
T2	7.8	7.9	7.7	7.8	7.6	7.8	77.90
T3	7.7	7.6	7.7	7.6	7.5	7.6	76.35