Abstract:

In order to accurately evaluate the high yield, stable yield and adaptability of soybean varieties, and screen excellent soybean varieties, based on the 2023 soybean regional trial data in Henan Province, grey correlation analysis was conducted on the yield and related agronomic traits of the tested soybean varieties, and GGE biplot analysis was performed on the yield. The results showed that the variety with the highest yield was ‘Luodou No.5’. In terms of yield variability, the coefficient of variation of ‘Cundou No.301’ was the largest (24.47%), indicating that its yield stability was relatively poor, and ‘Jianong No.8’ (13.59%) showed better yield stability. The results of regional test showed that the average yield of Yuanyang was the highest and Nanyang was the lowest. In terms of main agronomic traits, the coefficient of variation of effective branches was the highest (43.17%), reflecting the great difference among varieties, and the coefficient of variation of main stem nodes was the lowest (6.11%), indicating that the trait was relatively stable among varieties. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the order of the correlation degree of yield and major agronomic traits was: number of main stem nodes> grain weight per plant> grain number per plant> plant height> 100-seed weight> effective pod number> bottom pod height> branches per plant. This result suggested that in the breeding process, attention should be paid to the improvement of key traits such as number of main stem node, grain weight per plant, grain number per plant and plant height, so as to improve the overall yield of soybean. The GGE biplot analysis showed that the top three varieties in terms of comprehensive high and stable yield were ‘Luodou No.5’, ‘Zhoudou No.61’, and ‘Zhengdou No.618’, among which ‘Luodou No.5’ had the best comprehensive performance. Changge had the best comprehensive differentiation and representativeness, and was an ideal pilot for screening high-yield and stable-yield varieties. In this study, the yield characteristics of soybean varieties, the correlation between agronomic traits and yield, and the adaptability of varieties in different environments were comprehensively evaluated by grey correlation degree and GGE biplot analysis method. The results provide reference for the breeding and promotion of new soybean varieties with high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability.

Key words: soybeans, varieties, grey correlation analysis, GGE biplot