Abstract: The paper briefly analyzed demand of modern agriculture for development of science and technology, and given the basic target, task and priority for agricultural science after reviewed main task in development of modern agriculture in China. The priority of agricultural research and development in germplasm and breeding, high effective use of natural resources , health and sustainable production system, forecast and integrated pest management, agricultural environment protection and re-establishment, manner agricultural products in different regions, production system in green house, infrastructural equipment and facility for agriculture, communication and market information serving system for agriculture, agricultural products processing, quality monitoring and products standard system, environmental friendly biological products, raw material production for other industry, new energy supply and rural community development, new material for town building has being discussed in detail.