Abstract: With the deepening of rural reformatory and fast development of socialist market economy in China, agriculture is seriously conditioned by resource, environment, market and so on. To develop the rural economy faces the new task. The emergence and development of Chinese efficient eco-agriculture not only scientifically treated the relationship among human, agriculture, environment and resource, but also realized the synchronized and sustainable development of rural economy, ecology and society. The emergence and development of Chinese efficient eco-agriculture were reviewed, and the successful model and existed problems in the development of efficient eco-agriculture were expatiated. At last, the development direction of Chinese efficient eco-agriculture was prospected.