Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】on account of evolution of the relationship between Chinese agricultural economic development and environment, this paper Carries out an EKC research to find evidence of an inverse U-shaped relationship between economic growth and fertilizer use. 【METHOD】By using nonlinear regression method, this paper analyzes fertilizer, population and agricultural output value (AOV) data from 1952 to 2007 year in China.【RESULTS】The result shows that, there is not only an inverse U-shaped relationship between per capita fertilizer use and per capita AOV in China, but also total fertilizer use. Moreover, there is a turning point between per capita fertilizer use and per capita AOV in most provinces of China. That means, there is a downward tendency of Chinese fertilizer use in all. The fertilizer use in some provinces, however, will increase for period of time.【CONCLUSION】On the whole, The tendency towards growth of fertilizer use has, basically, been arrested. The basic reason is the change of people’s consuming behavior and agricultural mode of production.