Abstract: In this paper, the agro-ecosystem health under different fertilization were evaluated using principal component analysis, by taking the Huojia County, the main grain producing areas of North Plain of China as case study. A index including 17 indicators relating soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics were constructed for evaluation. The results show that the corn straw and wheat straw returning to field can significantly improve the soil's physical properties, and help to the accumulation of soil organic matter and available nutrients to provide and maintain on the whole. In addition, organic manure application can improved the soil's physical, chemical biological properties to some extent.