Abstract: Rapeseed is the most important edible vegetable oil crop in China. In this paper, the quality and yield characters of new rapeseed cultivars/lines tested in national winter rapeseed regional trials from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed. The results showed that the turnaround of quality and yield characters of rapeseed cultivars were took place in 2002 and hereafter the ratio of double-low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) rapeseed cultivars was above 80% and the yield was gradually increased and now almost reached the yield levels of double-high (high erucic acid and high glucosinolate) rapeseed cultivars. The yield increasing of double-low rapeseed cultivars was mainly duo to increasing of 1000-grains weight and of silique numbers per plant. Furthermore, the oil content was enhanced significantly especially in recent 3 years. These meant the quality and yield of double-low rapeseed cultivars were improved harmoniously in double-lowering of rapeseed cultivar in China. However it is still the main objectives of rapeseed breeding to increase yield and oil content of double-low rapeseed cultivars.