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    Research on Meteorological Risk Forecasting Technology for Spring Corn Spot Disease in Tuquan County, Inner Mongolia
    ZHANG Ling, YANG Yuhui, ZHOU Yinuo, YANG Dongxu
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (12): 88-93.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0627
    Abstract + (26)    HTML (1)    PDF (1197KB) (1)      

    In order to clarify and grasp the meteorological conditions and risk level forecasting technology for the occurrence and development of spring maize leaf spot disease in Tuquan County, a coupled analysis was conducted using the meteorological conditions of air temperature, relative temperature, precipitation, and 2-minute wind speed in Tuquan County over the past 10 years (2014-2023) and agricultural production data such as the time, degree, and affected area of spring maize leaf spot disease occurrence in Tuquan County over the past 10 years (2014-2023) to establish a prediction model for maize leaf spot disease occurrence. The analysis showed that the overall changes in four meteorological elements in each township of Tuquan County from May to September 2014-2023 tended to be consistent; Since 2019, there had been an increase in the proportion of the area, which had remained at around 10%. Utilizing four meteorological factors to establish meteorological indicators for the occurrence and development of maize leaf spot disease, it is possible to predict the occurrence area of spring maize leaf spot disease through a predictive model based on the statistical values of perennial meteorological factors and the forecast conclusions of meteorological factors for the next year, providing a scientific prevention basis for agricultural production.
    Effects of Planting Densities on Yield and Main Agronomic Traits of New Sweet-waxy Maize Varieties
    WANG Yuhao, MENG Yunfei, HE Nannan, WEI Guiwang, WEI Aijuan, WANG Shan, FENG Yungan
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (10): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0474
    Abstract + (97)    HTML (8)    PDF (1149KB) (70)      

    The aim of this study was to provide scientific guidance for the promotion and cultivation of new sweet-waxy maize varieties. In order to explore the effects of different planting densities on the yield and main agronomic traits, in this experiment, the sweet-waxy maize varieties ‘Guitiannuo 108’ and ‘Guitiannuo 189’ were used as experimental materials, and five density levels were set as 40000, 46667, 53333, 60000 and 66667 plants/hm2, as well as two sowing dates in spring and autumn. The results showed that the yield per plant, ear length, ear diameter and stem diameter decreased with the increase of planting density; while the yield per unit area and cob tip bald length increased with the increase of planting density. Considering yield and economic benefits comprehensively, the reasonable planting density for ‘Guitiannuo 108’ and ‘Guitiannuo 189’ in Guangxi is 46667-53333 plants/hm2.
    Research Progress on Live Haploid Breeding of Maize
    ZHANG Jun, WU Juanjuan, LUO Zhexi
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (10): 7-17.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0454
    Abstract + (60)    HTML (4)    PDF (1402KB) (8)      

    This study aims to systematically summarize the application of maize live haploid technology in maize molecular breeding, with focus on exploring the selection methods, formation mechanisms, identification methods, doubling methods, and application in population improvement of maize live haploid high-frequency induction lines, providing reference and guidance for the large-scale application of live haploid breeding technology. This study used a literature review method to summarize the relevant research results and practical experience on maize haploid technology, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in practical applications. The research results indicated that maize live haploid technology played an important role in breeding excellent inbred lines and population improvement. Through high-frequency induction line breeding, a large number of excellent haploid plants had been successfully obtained; the identification and doubling methods effectively improved haploid formation and stability. The live haploid technology had shown significant doubling effects in population improvement, providing new ideas and methods for maize breeding. In summary, maize live haploid technology is an efficient and rapid breeding method with broad application prospects. In the process of corn breeding, combining live haploid technology can accelerate the pace of quality improvement and yield increase, providing strong support for the healthy development of the corn industry.
    Effect of Combining Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Spring Maize in Eastern Sichuan
    ZHANG Yuyu, WANG Xiangning, ZENG Xuejiao, GUAN Jie, ZHANG Yi, LI Bing, CAI Yan
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (8): 25-30.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0650
    Abstract + (47)    HTML (4)    PDF (1408KB) (4)      

    This study investigated the effects of combining controlled-release nitrogen (CRN) fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utilization in spring maize, and to provide scientific evidence and technical guidance for optimizing fertilization strategies to achieve high yield and efficient nitrogen utilization in spring maize cultivation in eastern Sichuan. A field experiment was conducted to assess the changes in yield, nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen utilization under seven nitrogen management treatments. The treatments included no nitrogen application (CK), conventional nitrogen application (ON) and CRN fertilizer applied at 0% (NR0), 25% (NR25), 50% (NR50), 75% (NR75) and 100% (NR100) of the conventional nitrogen rate, with a 25% reduction in total nitrogen input in eastern Sichuan. The results showed that CRN fertilizer significantly enhanced both dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in maize. At the tasseling and silking stage, with the increase of the proportion of CRN fertilizer, the rates of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation initially promoted, then reduced. After the filling stage, a CRN proportion of ≥50% was most effective for both dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, with NR50 showing the highest values. CRN fertilizer also promoted the redistribution of nitrogen from vegetative organs to grains. However, as the proportion of CRN fertilizer increased, the contribution of nitrogen from vegetative organs to grains decreased. Furthermore, CRN fertilizer improved the yield factor composition and maize yield, with NR50 showing the most significant increase. Agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of CRN fertilizer were higher than those of conventional nitrogen application. NUE of NR50, NR75 and NR100 was greater than that of ON. In conclusion, a 25% reduction in total nitrogen application, combined with 50% CRN fertilizer and 50% urea, was the optimal fertilization strategy for improving nitrogen absorption, enhancing dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, and increasing both yield and nitrogen use efficiency in spring maize in eastern Sichuan.
    Effects of Sowing Density and Harvest Time on Yield of Foodstuff Maize in Linzhi City
    LI Menghan, HU Wenping, DONG Xin, PHURBU Samdrup, ZONG Baji
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (7): 9-14.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0460
    Abstract + (70)    HTML (4)    PDF (1276KB) (21)      

    Foodstuff maize is an important part of the modern maize industry in Linzhi City, and its production and application are extremely wide. In order to find out the high yield and high efficiency planting methods, we used three sowing densities (6×104, 9×104 and 12×104 plants/hm2), and set up three harvest times (1/3 milk-line, 2/3 milk-line and milk-line disappeared stages) under the sowing density of 9×104 plants/ hm2, to compare and analyze grain yield, bio-yield and other yield traits of three different maturity maize hybrids (very early maturity, early maturity and medium maturity). The results showed that the fertility period of maize of different maturity was extended when planted in Linzhi City. The yield potential of medium-maturing variety was higher than that of very early and early-maturing varieties. Because of the limited soil fertility in Linzhi City, the planting density should not be too high, and should be controlled within 6×104 plants/hm2 in mid-low yielding lands, and should not exceed 9×104 plants/hm2 in high yielding field. Due to the local temperature influence, the grain filling rate was slow. The grain maize should be harvested at the stage of the milk-line disappearance, while the best harvesting time for silage maize was at the stage of 1/3 milk-line. In Linzhi City habitat, variety maturity had the greatest effect on the yield of foodstuff maize, sowing density should not be too high, and harvesting time differed according to specific uses.
    Effects of Different Maize and Soybean Planting Patterns on Crop Yield, Economic Benefit and Soil Nutrient
    LI Xianghua, FAN Caiying, XU Qin, HOU Jian, WANG Hui, LIU Yanyan, WANG Heng, LIU Guangya, HAN Wei
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (6): 22-28.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0762
    Abstract + (68)    HTML (3)    PDF (1206KB) (13)      

    The aim is to study the effects of different planting densities and planting ratios on biomass accumulation, nitrogen absorption, yield and economic benefits, and soil nutrient status of maize and soybean. Based on a field experiment, six treatments, including maize monoculture (M), soybean monoculture (S), maize/soybean 2:4 mode (I1) [60000 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D1), 67500 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D2)], and maize/soybean 4:6 mode (I2) [60000 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D1), 67500 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 (D2)], were designed. The results showed that maize/soybean planting pattern significantly decreased crop yield and biomass, compared to M and S, maize yield was decreased by 18.91%-25.45%, biomass was decreased by 12.62%-30.69%, soybean yield was decreased by 50.43%-56.79%, and biomass was decreased by 36.84%-46.61%. The biomass and yield of maize in I1 were lower than that of I2, while soybean showed the opposite trend. Under the same planting ratio, the maize yield of D1 was significantly higher than that of D2, while the soybean yield was not significantly different. Due to the difference of yield and input cost, the economic benefits of different planting patterns are different. Among them, the economic benefits of I1D1 were increased the most compared with M and S, which were 38.61% and 22.25%, respectively. In addition, different maize/soybean planting patterns could improve the soil chemical properties, especially the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter in maize soil. Compared with M, I1D1 significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter by 14.17% and 16.61%, respectively. Overall, the maize/soybean 2:4 planting pattern combined with 60000 maize plants/hm2+135000 soybean plants/hm2 is the optimal treatment in terms of improving crop yield and economic benefits of the system and improving soil nutrient status, etc. The research results have certain theoretical value for the application and promotion of maize/soybean combined planting pattern in Shandong Province.
    Research on Creation and Processing and Storage Method of High Folate-Maize Rich in Iron and Zinc
    LI Wenzong, XU Yifan, CHEN Jianhua, HU Chao, WANG Zhen, HUANG Yamin
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (5): 135-142.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0471
    Abstract + (38)    HTML (4)    PDF (1341KB) (55)      

    This study is dedicated to the development of iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize (Fe ≥ 40 mg/kg, Zn ≥ 40 mg/kg, folate ≥ 150 μg/100 g), to improve the utilization rate of folate, and to prolong the shelf-life of freshly-eaten iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize. Five groups of iron- and zinc-treated groups with different concentrations and one group of clear water control group were set up, and the foliar spraying of iron and zinc mixed micronutrient fertilizer was carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles to obtain iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize. Different processing techniques were adopted to treat the obtained high folate maize to analyze the changes of folate content in the iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize under different processing and storage conditions, and to screen out the optimal processing and storage methods. Foliar spraying of iron and zinc mixed micronutrient fertilizer on high folate maize during the growth period significantly increased the iron and zinc content in the kernels, achieving the effect of iron and zinc nutrient fortification. The rate of folate loss during processing of vacuum-packed fresh maize was 11.97%, and the rate of folate loss during processing of vacuum-packed instant maize was 23.36%. Combined with the loss rate of folic acid in different processes and the changes of folic acid content under different storage conditions, the best effect of vacuum-packed instant maize was achieved by storing it at 4℃ for 60 d.
    Effect of Maize and Peanut Intercropping on Crop and Soil Characteristics
    SUN Guangtao, BAO Guirong, TAI Jicheng, SA Rula, LIU Naijia, YU Miao, LI Anning
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (5): 7-12.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0290
    Abstract + (63)    HTML (5)    PDF (1289KB) (21)      

    In order to study the influence of maize-peanut intercropping on crop and soil characteristics, this paper sets up the root separation test of corn and peanut potted plants to study the influence of maize and peanut intercropping on crop agronomic traits, physiological activities, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and soil rapid nutrients. The results showed that maize-peanut intercropping affected the morphological and physiological indexes of crops. Plant height and relative chlorophyll content of peanut were increased by 71.4% and 11.3%, but root length, root weight and leaf weight were not significantly affected. Plant height, leaf fresh weight and root length of maize were increased by 43.9%, 122% and 45.6%, respectively. But there was no significant effect on the relative content of chlorophyll. Maize-peanut intercropping improved plant stress resistance, increased SOD and POD activities of peanut leaves by 66.7% and 129%, and decreased MDA content of peanut roots by 19.8%, respectively. The activities of SOD in leaves and roots of maize were increased by 39.9% and 17.0%, respectively, while MDA content in roots decreased by 61%. Maize-peanut intercropping changed soil available nutrient content, decreased peanut soil available N by 79.5%, but increased soil available P by 11.5%, and had no effect on soil available K content. It had no effect on maize soil available N and K, but decreased soil available P by 9.4%. Maize-peanut intercropping affected soil biological characteristics and increased soil enzyme activities, especially the alkaline phosphates activity. The soil alkaline phosphates activity in peanut and maize fields increased by 122% and 330%, respectively. The Maize-peanut intercropping could improve soil microenvironment and physiological activities of leaves and roots in seedling stage.
    Effects of Coupling of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize
    CHEN Zhaohui, WEI Tingbang
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (4): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0520
    Abstract + (90)    HTML (3)    PDF (1236KB) (36)      

    The aim was to explore the regulation mechanism of different coupling ratio of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, chlorophyll value, dry matter accumulation characteristic and yield of maize. In this research, using the corn variety of ‘Yuyu 22’ as research material, a split plot design field experiment was carried out in dryland areas of Gansu Province in 2022. Three irrigation application amount treatments of 3150 m3/hm2 (W1), 3825 m3/hm2 (W2) and 4500 m3/hm2 (W3) were set as the main plot, and three nitrogen application amount treatments of 0 (N0), 272 kg/hm2 (N1) and 320 kg/hm2 (N2) were set as the split plot. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll value, dry matter accumulation characteristic and yield at the growth period of maize were determined. The results showed that under a reduction of 15% in irrigation amount during growth, compared with the W2N0 and W2N2 treatments, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll value under the W2N1 treatment were increased by 30.91%, 13.53% and 39.78%, 26.46% and 32.33%, 9.21%, respectively. The maximum growth rate of dry matter in W2N1 treatment was 7.5 and 3.7 days later than that in W2N0 and W2N2 treatments, respectively. The Vmax of W2N1 treatment was 11.25% and 4.24% higher than that of W2N0 and W2N2 treatment, respectively. Compared with W2N0 and W2N2 treatments, the biological yield and grain yield of maize with the W2N1 treatment were increased by 29.97%, 5.15% and 48.61%, 10.78%, respectively. The conclusion showed that the treatment with application coupling of irrigation and nitrogen (i.e. reduction of 15% irrigation amount during growth with 3825 m3/hm2 and reduction of 15% N application amount with 272 kg/hm2 at growth stage) could be considered as the best cultivation pattern management, which could provide technical guidance for further exploring for water-saving and fertilizer-saving and high yield and efficient cultivation of agriculture in the dryland areas.
    Analysis of Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Planting Maize in Yanyuan of Sichuan
    YOU Yu, LIN Xianfeng, JIANG Yun, ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Yunmei, TANG Dongmei, YU Hongjie, XIONG Zhongwei
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (2): 17-22.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0400
    Abstract + (47)    HTML (6)    PDF (1249KB) (22)      

    To analyze the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in corn planting in Yanyuan, promote scientific fertilization to increase efficiency, and promote the protection and quality improvement of cultivated land, we set up treatments of no fertilizer, no nitrogen, no phosphorus, no potassium and NPK full fertilizer to carry out the utilization rate analysis of NPK fertilizer for corn. The results indicated that stem diameter, ear height, number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight of NPK fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other treatments, except that plant height was lower than that of no potassium; the grain yield and stem and leaf yield were also the highest, which were 12.07 t/hm2 and 13.55 t/hm2, respectively. The order from high to low was full fertilizer zone (T5) > potassium-free zone (T4) > phosphorus free zone (T3) > nitrogen free zone (T2) > fertilizer free zone (T1). The yield to investment ratio of NPK fertilizer area was the lowest (4.73), but the economic benefit was the highest. The utilization rates of N, P and K in the experimental field were from high to low as K > N > P, and the utilization rates were 56.61%, 43.14% and 9.55%, respectively. Therefore, the composite fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be selected for corn production in Yanyuan, and the content of potassium and nitrogen should be higher than that of phosphorus. At the same time, we should increase the application of organic fertilizer and plant green fertilizer to improve the ecological environment and improve the quality of crops.
    Effects of Planting Density on Growth and Yield of Machine Harvested Maize Variety ‘Ludan 608’
    LIU Chunxiao, WANG Liming, DONG Rui, LIU Tieshan
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (2): 23-27.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0428
    Abstract + (56)    HTML (4)    PDF (1286KB) (32)      

    In order to analyze the agronomic traits, yield and yield composition of machine-harvested maize under different density treatments, machine-harvested maize ‘Ludan 608’ was used as the material. Five planting densities of 60000 plants /hm2 (D1), 69000 plants /hm2 (D2), 75000 plants /hm2 (D3), 82500 plants /hm2 (D4) and 90000 plants /hm2 (D5) were set to analyze their agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that plant height, ear height, lodging rate and bare plant rate increased with the increase of planting density, while double ear rate decreased. The highest maize yield was 11231.31 kg/hm2 with the planting density of 82500 plants /hm2. The LAI increased with the increase in planting density. The accumulation of dry matter in maize at both individual and population levels showed an ‘S-shaped’ growth curve of ‘slow-fast-slow’. The dry matter amount of single plant decreased with the increase in planting density. In the range of D1-D4, dry matter amount of population increased with the increase of planting density. And it began to decrease when planting density was more than D4.
    Regulation Mechanism of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize
    CHEN Hailong, CHEN Zhaohui, WEI Tingbang
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (2): 7-16.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0463
    Abstract + (51)    HTML (15)    PDF (1281KB) (32)      

    The study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of maize during the growth period. In this research, the cultivar ‘Woyu No.3’ was applied as research material. A split plot field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area of Gansu Province. Four nitrogen fertilizer applications, i.e. without N application (N0, CK), traditional N fertilizer application (N1), 15% N fertilizer reduction (N2) and 30% N fertilizer reduction (N3), were set as the main plot, and three organic fertilizer applications, namely 3.5×103 (O1), 3.0×103 (O2) and 2.5×103 (O3) kg/hm2, were used as the split plot. Photosynthetic, chlorophyll relative content, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield were determined. The result showed that, under the level of same nitrogen application in growth stages of maize, compared with the N2O1 and N2O3 treatments, the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under the N2O2 treatments were increased by 17.91%, 10.59% and 19.13%, 18.46% and 20.13%, 26.62%. Compared with the N2O1 and N2O3 treatments, the chlorophyll value and Vmax and biological yield under the N2O2 treatments were increased by 18.73%, 9.77% and 13.79%, 17.84% and 7.14%, 6.78%. Compared with the N2O1 and N2O3 treatments, the grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency under the N2O2 treatments were increased by 18.77%, 20.14% and 15.68%, 8.02%. In summary, in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area with resource shortage, the reduction of N fertilizer by 15 % (306 kg/hm2, N2) combined with organic fertilizer (3000.00 kg/hm2, O2) could replace part of N fertilizer, which had high nutrient supply potential and the best effect on maize yield stability.
    Field Efficacy Tests of Spodoptera frugiperda on Mountainous Corn Plants in Dehong of Yunnan Province
    LI Xuemei, DING Jiasheng, ZHANG Bisheng, YUE Yuanbao, ZHANG Peihua, YIN Xin, ZHANG Xiaomei, CHEN Yixiang, WANG Genquan
    Journal of Agriculture    2025, 15 (1): 13-18.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0282
    Abstract + (93)    HTML (1)    PDF (1369KB) (73)      

    To establish a solid theoretical foundation for the efficient management of insect pests in corn crops, practical plant protection strategies that reduce the amount of pesticides should be explored. A study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda on maize in the mountainous area of Mengga Town, Mangshi City, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Two types of pesticides, 5% emamectin benzoate and 15% indoxacarb, were tested on Spodoptera frugiperda in corn fields using plant protection drones and knapsack electric sprayers. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae can cause damage in the whole growth period of maize, and the infestation rate, damage index, number of insects per 100 plants, and the proportion of different insect ages in different growth stages of maize are significant different, and Spodoptera frugiperda is the most harmful in the big bell stage of maize. Two different methods of applying 5% emamectin benzoate and 15% indoxacarb had a significant impact on the incidence of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize fields. The damage rate and index of maize also showed a significant decrease between 3 to 14 days after application. There was no significant difference in the relative control efficacy of the same pesticide against Spodoptera frugiperda under two different methods. Still, the use of plant protection drones pesticide application had the advantages of labor-saving, time-saving, and pesticide-saving. Spodoptera frugiperda control had a positive effect on increasing the production of maize in the yield, and the experimental treatments results showed a significant increase in yield of the test variety 'Yunrui 62', with 25.28% to 28.93% production increase compared to the control treatment. In total, it is recommended to use UAVs equipped with anti-spray technology to protect plants during large-scale Spodoptera frugiperda control. Additionally, it's important to conduct thorough investigations and implement field management practices to prevent corn insect infestations, which are crucial for achieving high and stable crop yields. It's important to focus on integrating, demonstrating, and promoting the use of this technology in the future.
    Drought Resistance Evaluation of Different Maize Varieties During Germination and Seedling Stage Under PEG Simulated Drought Stress
    XU Yilin, XU Dongdong, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Yikang, LI Xianhua
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (1): 13-18.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0015
    Abstract + (68)    HTML (0)    PDF (1281KB) (16)      

    In order to study the changes of germination index and physiological index of maize under PEG simulated drought stress, 20% PEG-6000 was set up for drought treatment. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, radicle length, chlorophyll value (SPAD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of maize at germination stage were measured, and the drought resistance of different varieties was evaluated by membership function method. The results showed that compared with CK, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and radicle length of each maize variety decreased under drought stress, the chlorophyll value and SOD activity decreased, and the MDA content increased. The average value of the membership function of ‘Xinnong 008’ was greater than 0.7, which was a strong drought-resistant variety. The average value of membership function of ‘Zhongyu No.9’, ‘Zhongyu No.1’ and ‘Woyu No.3’ was less than 0.4, which belonged to weak drought-resistant varieties.
    Separation Characteristics of Maize Plant Traits
    SHI Qingling, ZHANG Jingwen, ZHANG Xinyue, HUO Bing, DONG Yongbin
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2025, 41 (1): 8-12.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0143
    Abstract + (57)    HTML (1)    PDF (1143KB) (46)      

    In order to study the separation characteristics of plant traits in maize, ten maize inbred lines from different sources were selected for cross-mating, and two 8-parent hybrid F1 segregated populations A and B were obtained. The phenotype of five plant traits of the segregated populations was identified, and the correlation analysis and path analysis between plant traits were carried out. The results showed that the variation coefficient of plant height in two segregating populations was large, and the coefficient of variation was 10.34% and 10.54%. Correlation analysis showed that the plant height showed extremely significant positive correlation with ear height, tassel length and average length of internode above ear, and tassel length showed extremely significant positive correlation with average length of internode above ear in two segregated populations. But the correlation between other plant traits of the two populations was not completely consistent. The path analysis showed that the ear height, tassel length and average length of internode above ear had significant positive direct effect on plant height. The tassel length had a large positive indirect effect on plant height through the average length of internode above ear. This study analyzed the relationship between plant traits, which could provide reference for genetic improvement of plant traits in maize.
    Study on Yield and Economic Benefits of Fresh Maize-Sweet Potato-Soybean Intercropping
    HAN Li, ZHANG Fangkui, LI Qiuzhuo, SHI Chan, ZENG Xiuli, ZHANG Xingduan
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (36): 17-23.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0273
    Abstract + (46)    HTML (2)    PDF (1139KB) (7)      

    In order to explore a new intercropping model that suitable for the flatland and shallow hill in Chongqing and similar ecological areas, increase the yield and economic benefits of crops, and provide reference for research on crop intercropping models, an intercropping experiment with fresh maize, sweet potato, and soybean was conducted. In this experiment, three different row ratios of maize-sweet potato-soybean intercropping models were used, with one fresh waxy maize variety, three fresh sweet potato varieties, and one fresh soybean variety as materials. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the yield components of fresh waxy maize in different row ratio intercropping models, but there was a significant difference in the average fresh ear weight per plant and yield. There were no significant differences in the number of branches, effective pod number per plant, and fresh pod yield of fresh soybean in different row ratio intercropping models. In the intercropping system, sweet potatoes in different row ratio intercropping were affected by the shading of maize, resulting in varying degrees of reduction in storage root yield. The different row ratio intercropping models had inconsistent effects on the number of storage root per plant and commodity rate of different sweet potato varieties. Increasing the intercropping planting density of fresh sweet potato and waxy maize properly is beneficial for achieving high yields. Using the row ratio model of 2:2:3, and intercropping fresh waxy maize and fresh soybean with sweet potato variety ‘Pushu32’ can achieve the highest total economic benefits.
    Risk Assessment of Combined Stress of High Temperature and Drought on Summer Maize in Henan Province
    LI Haoning, REN Liwei
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (36): 9-16.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0640
    Abstract + (59)    HTML (0)    PDF (2127KB) (21)      

    In this paper, the risk assessment system for high temperature and drought combined stress of summer maize in Henan Province was constructed, and the weight distribution of drought comprehensive risk and high temperature comprehensive risk was calculated by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The paper also comprehensively evaluated the risk distribution from four aspects: the risk of disaster causing factors, the exposure of carriers, the vulnerability of disaster pregnant environment, and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction. The results show that the areas with high comprehensive risk of drought are mainly concentrated in the north of Henan Province, and the areas with high comprehensive risk of high temperature are mainly concentrated in the south of Henan Province. The comprehensive assessment system for drought and high temperature combined stress disasters of summer maize in Henan Province was constructed, and the weights of drought risk and high temperature risk were 0.4938 and 0.5062 respectively. The risk distribution of combined high temperature and drought stress was not closely related to latitude, but was also influenced by various factors such as natural conditions. Most parts of the province are in low-risk areas, and the high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in western Henan and a small part of the southwest. The evaluation results provide theoretical support for disaster prevention and reduction and ensuring the production of corn in Henan Province.
    Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizers and Applying Mineral Biochar on Corn Yields and Soil Properties in Yellow River Beach
    BAI Xueyuan, SU He, ZONG Li, YAN Dong, WANG Xiaofeng, NA Na
    Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (12): 14-18.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0250
    Abstract + (73)    HTML (3)    PDF (1217KB) (27)      

    Concerning the issue of soil quality decline caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and to provide scientific fertilization reference for corn cultivation and soil improvement in this region, this study explored the effects of reducing chemical fertilizers with applying mineral biochar on soil properties and corn yields in the Yellow River floodplain area. In order to study their effects on corn yield and soil properties, different chemical fertilizer reduction combined with mineral biochar treatments were set in this study, including conventional fertilization (F1, applying diammonium phosphate 300 kg/hm2), reducing 12.5% fertilizer with 75 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F2), reducing 25% fertilizer with 150 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F3), reducing 37.5% fertilizer with 300 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F4), and reducing 50% fertilizer with 600 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F5). The results indicated that the application of mineral biochar in the 0-20 cm soil layer enhanced nitrogen uptake by crops, effectively stabilized soil potassium levels, and increased soil phosphorus content. Compared to F1, the combined application of fertilizer and mineral biochar could significantly improve the corn yields by 1.48%-12.61%. Especially, when the application rates were 262.5 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 75.0 kg/hm2 of mineral biochar, corn yields and economic benefits reached their maximum. These findings demonstrated that replacing chemical fertilizer with mineral biochar could improve soil properties and ensure corn yields.
    Heterosis Analysis of Lodging Resistance Related Traits and Lodging Resistance Evaluation Based on Principal Component Analysis in Maize
    WEI Feng, WEI Xiaoyi, SUN Pei, LIU Junheng, SHI Dakun, LI Fangjie, WANG Ruiping, LIU Hongyu, SONG Binbin
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (35): 6-13.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0081
    Abstract + (66)    HTML (5)    PDF (1307KB) (22)      

    The aim was to evaluate lodging resistance of germplasm in maize, and then breed maize hybrids with strong lodging resistance. In this study, four maize hybrids which were currently promoted in production were used as materials. Through measuring the lodging resistance related traits, mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of related traits were calculated. The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences in crushing strength, pushing strength and stem strength among different varieties, 'Shuoyu 172' had higher crushing strength and stem strength, and 'Shuoyu 173' had higher pushing strength. Compared with different lodging resistant related traits, mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of 5th internode length, stem diameter, plant height, ear height, and tassel branch number of 3rd, 4th and 5th internode were relatively higher, indicating that the heterosis of these traits was relatively strong. Compared with the different materials, the parents of 'Shuoyu 172', 'Zheng 58' and 'H7235', and the parents of 'Shuoyu 173', 'Z33-1' and 'H7875S', had strong heterosis in crushing strength, stalk strength, tassel branch number, tassel main axis length and angle of ear. The stem diameter plant height, ear height, ear leaf length and width of 3rd, 4th and 5th internode between the parents of 'Baojing 186', 'Z33-1' and 'H7875A', and the parents of 'Zhengdan 958', 'Zheng 58' and 'Chang 7-2' had strong heterosis. Principal component analysis were used to evaluated lodging resistance of different varieties, the results showed that the lodging resistance of 'Shuoyu 172' was the strongest (Y: 1.401), followed by 'Shuoyu 173'. This study indicated that both of 'Shuoyu 172' and 'Shuoyu 173' had strong lodging resistance.
    Risk Assessment of Gale Disaster on Corn in Heilongjiang Province
    LIU Henan, ZHANG Hongling, XU Yongqing, ZHU Hongrui
    Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin    2024, 40 (34): 118-124.   DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0857
    Abstract + (60)    HTML (1)    PDF (5534KB) (69)      

    In order to study the impact of gale disasters on corn crops in high latitudes, based on the theory of natural disaster risk and combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, this paper analyzed the risk factors of gale disasters in Heilongjiang Province, the environmental sensitivity of disaster, the exposure of disaster bearing bodies and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction, and carried out a comprehensive risk assessment. The research shows that the high incidence areas of corn gale disasters are concentrated in the southeast of Songnen Plain and the west of Sanjiang Plain. These areas have flat terrain, no large-scale vegetation coverage, high wind risk coefficient, large corn planting area and medium disaster prevention and mitigation ability. It is suggested that maize lodging damage could be prevented and controlled by giving priority to the selection of lodging-resistant varieties, sowing in warm and suitable climate, regularly reinforcing maize plants during planting, and taking measures such as mulching protection. The results provide a theoretical basis for the relevant departments to adjust the agricultural structure and formulate disaster prevention and mitigation countermeasures and measures.