Oil Crops

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Effects of Sulfur Level on Key Enzymes Activities in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Soybean Leaves

WANG Xiaojing, LI Yongping, SONG Shuang, ZHOU Qi, WANG Xin, DONG Shoukun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (12): 113-118. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0720

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In order to explore the effects of different sulfur levels on the key enzyme activities in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in soybean leaves at seedling and flowering stages, soybean varieties ‘Laidou 2’ and ‘Hefeng 55’ were used as test materials. The data of key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism in soybean leaves at seedling and flowering stages were measured by watering nutrient solution. The GOGAT and SS enzyme activities of ‘Laidou 2’ and ‘Hefeng 55’ reached the maximum under 160 mg/L treatment. The peak value of GS enzyme activity of ‘Laidou 2’ was the strongest under 160 mg/L treatment, the peak value of ‘Hefeng 55’ in seedling stage was the highest under 260 mg/L treatment, and the peak value in flowering stage was the lowest under 20 mg/L treatment of sulfur nutrition. The SPS enzyme activity of ‘Laidou 2’ reached the maximum value under 40 mg/L treatment, while the peak value of ‘Hefeng 55’ at seedling stage was under 80 mg/L treatment with higher sulfur nutrition, and the peak value at flowering stage was under 260 mg/L treatment with the highest sulfur level. The results showed that the activities of glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamine synthetase (GS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) at flowering stage were significantly higher than those at seedling stage, and the same rule was found among varieties.

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Wild Soybean Germplasm Resources in Cold Region: Free Amino Acid Components Analysis

FAN Chao, BI Yingdong, LIU Miao, LI Wei, LIU Jianxin, YANG Guang, LIANG Wenwei, DI Shufeng, TANG Lili, LAI Yongcai

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (12): 134-141. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0027

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This study aimed to analyze the free amino acid components of wild soybean resources which were collected from various regions of Heilongjiang Province. 17 kinds of free amino acid content in 153 wild soybean resources were determined and analyzed systematically. The results indicated that the amplitude variation of methionine content was the highest among the 17 kinds of free amino acids with a variation coefficient of 0.469. The total free amino acid content was 2.069 mg/g, among which the arginine content was the highest (0.894 mg/g). Positive correlation was showed between any free amino acids and total free amino acids. There were significant positive correlations among most amino acids, while significant negative correlation could be found between aspartic acid and phenylalanine and between serine and arginine. The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components extracted from the principal component analysis reached 85.15%. The contribution rates of the first and second principal components were 26.47% and 20.55%, respectively. According to the first and second principal components, large discrepancies were discovered between the resources in the northern region and the central and southern regions, and small discrepancies were discovered between the resources in the eastern and western regions. In this study, the content variation and correlation among components of 17 kinds of free amino acids in wild soybean in cold region were analyzed, and the effects of different sources on the content and components of free amino acids were clarified, which provided important basic data for soybean breeding applications.

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Study of Different Micronutrients on Yield and Physiological Indicators of Brassica napus

ZHAO Peidong, ZHANG Wei, LIU Yingxia, ZHANG Zhenqian

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (4): 21-25. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0108

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Rapeseed is the largest self-produced plant oil source in China, which is crucial for ensuring the safety of edible oil in China. However, the self-sufficiency rate of total rapeseed production is severely insufficient, so high yield and high efficiency cultivation measures are urgently needed to increase yield. Current research was mostly focused on traditional fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with less research on micro fertilizers. This study used Brassica napus ‘Fanming 1’ as the experimental material to measure the physiological and biochemical indicators of the entire growth period and the yield traits under different micro-fertilizer conditions, and conducted correlation analysis between them. The results showed that the activities of peroxidase and catalase in leaves at 5-6 leaf stage and superoxide dismutase in flowers at flowering stage were more than 0.8, indicating that there had a high correlation, which could be used to predict the rapeseed yield. The fertilization conditions may increase the rapeseed yield when the POD and CAT activities in the leaves during the 5-6 leaf stage and the SOD activity in the flowers during the flowering stage were greater than 0.8, and the chlorophyll content in the flowers was greater than 0.9. The results of this study provided a reference for screening suitable micronutrient fertilizers and high-yield cultivation for rapeseed growth.

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Preliminary Screening of Soybean Varieties Suitable for Intercropping with Corn in Zibo

LIU Weixia, LU Duxu, LU Zhenyu, ZHANG Chao, ZHAI Jiqing, ZHAI Naijia, WANG Guangming

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (4): 7-13. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0073

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The aim is to promote the healthy and stable development of the corn industry, adjust and optimize the corn planting structure, enrich diversified planting patterns in Zibo City, and achieve the purpose of green, high-quality and efficient production. This study analyzed the comprehensive performance of intercropping between the same corn variety and different soybean varieties, and selected suitable soybean varieties for local intercropping cultivation preliminarily. The results showed that under the same meteorological environment, the incidence of northern leaf blight and smut of maize in intercropping mode was mild, and there was little difference in other characters. The growth period of early maturing and shade tolerant soybean varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ was 1-3 days shorter than other varieties. They had strong resistance to Riptortuspedestris, moderate and stable main stem height, node number, and bottom pod height. The grain weight per plant was 0.53-1.72 g higher than other varieties, and the yield was 88.81-214.59 kg/hm² higher than other varieties. Overall, varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ were suitable for intercropping of corn and soybean in Zibo region.

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Regularity of Aphid Occurrence and Screening of Aphid Resistant Germplasm in Brassica napus

ZHANG Yusong, ZHAO Kaiqin, LUO Yanqing, YAN Linxiang, LI Xitong, ZHANG Yunyun, FU Minglian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (10): 120-126. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0234

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In order to understand the aphid resistance of rapeseed and screen aphid resistant germplasm resources to provide parents for rapeseed breeding of aphid resistance, 18 rapeseed cultivars were identified by aphid index under the condition of natural aphid sensitivity in Luoping and Luxi of Yunnan, and the occurrence rule of aphid and its effect on yield were analyzed. The results showed that the peak period of aphids occurred between flowering and maturity, and the mild and dry climate was conducive to the growth and reproduction of aphids. The peak period in Luxi was earlier than Luoping. Correlation analysis showed that the aphid index was negatively correlated with rape yield and its components, and was significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and yield per plant. The occurrence of aphid damage would cause 4.97%-79.69% yield loss of rapeseed. 5 aphid resistant cultivars and 13 aphid sensitive cultivars were selected from 18 cultivars. ‘Yunyouza 28’ and ‘Yunyouza 18’ showed high resistance, which could be used as basic materials for rapeseed aphid resistance breeding.

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CMS with High Linolenic Acid Content in Brassica napus L.: Rapid Breeding Method and Effect

ZHANG Yaowen, DONG Yuhong, GUAN Zhoubo, WEI Shihao, LI Dianrong, LI Shaoqin, LIANG Fengzhi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 30-36. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0332

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In order to speed up the cross breeding process of Brassica napus L. with high linolenic acid content, taking the rapeseed germplasm with high linolenic acid content as experimental materials, the CMS and its corresponding maintainer lines of Brassica napus L. with high linolenic acid content were breed by using the rapid breeding method. The results showed that the breeding period was shortened from 5 to 6 years to 4 years, the linolenic acid content was increased from 11.85% to 16.96%, the oil content was increased from 45.0% to 48.8%, and the linolenic acid output per plant was increased from 0.98 g to 1.53 g. Compared with the original CMS (SHAAN6A), the oil content, the yield per plant, the linolenic acid content, the outcrossing seed coefficient and the linolenic acid yield per plant of "YM-1A" were increased by 8.45%, 4.49%, 59.43%, 12.8% and 80.65%, respectively, the coefficient of self-seed setting was decreased by 56.86%. Because the sterility, agronomy, quality and other traits had been significantly improved, YM-1A had the higher utilization value in cross breeding of Brassica napus L. with high linolenic acid content.

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Application Effect Evaluation of PE Mulch with Different Thickness on Spring Peanut

ZHANG Xiangsong, FANG Xiaoyan, YU Tianyi, LI Rong, WU Fukun, JIANG Feng, WANG Xianjie

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (3): 58-62. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0094

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To investigate the application effect of PE mulch with different thicknesses on spring peanuts, the soil temperature, moisture, residual film recovery and growth of spring peanut with four different thicknesses of PE mulch (0.004, 0.008, 0.010, 0.015 mm) were studied, and the non-mulching treatment was used as the control. The result showed that the average temperatures of the soil 10 cm under the mulch were increased by 1.41-2.58℃, and the accumulated temperature of peanut during the growth period was increased effectively. Compared with the non-mulching treatment, the peanut yield increased by 8.78%-9.92% with the 0.004-0.01 mm mulch treatments, while the peanut yield with the 0.015 mm mulch treatment decreased by 6.20%. The total pod number covered with 0.004-0.01 mm plastic film were about 120 per hole, which were significantly higher than those of the non-mulching treatment and 0.015 mm mulch treatment. Compared with 0.004 mm mulch treatment, the proportion of effective needles of 0.008, 0.01, and 0.015 mm mulch treatments decreased by 9.97%, 11.51% and 25.49%, while the full fruit rate increased from 46.38% to 65.52%. Standard mulch has a certain impact on peanut needles, and measures such as increasing the hole diameter of the membrane rupture and improving the quality of soil covering the seed row on the film can be taken to promote peanut needles. Application of standard mulch improves the recyclability of waste mulch. Peanuts are harvested by excavating strip-laying harvesters, and more than 90% of the mulch film can be carried away from the field by peanut straw. Then the mulch removal kneading machine can be used to separate the mulch from peanut straw and realize the recycling and utilization of mulch and peanut straw.

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Effect of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Flax

YANG Zhiwei, QIAN Aiping, ZHANG Wei, CAO Xiuxia

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (8): 1-5. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0291

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To explore the effect of planting density on lodging resistance and yield of flax, ‘Ningya No. 21’ was selected as the material, which was planted in a large area of irrigated land in the southern mountainous area of Ningnan. Lodging resistance and yield composition under different planting densities were studied by setting four planting densities, including 30×10⁵, 45×10⁵, 60×10⁵and 75×10⁵plants/hm². The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the stem bending resistance, stem thickness, stem wall thickness, lignin content, effective fruit number and yield per plant decreased gradually, and the yield increased first and then decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the stem bending resistance was extremely correlated with stem diameter, stem wall thickness and crown weight, the lignin content and lodging rate were significantly negatively correlated. Considering the increase of yield and efficiency, good lodging resistance and relatively stable yield, it is recommended that the planting density of ‘Ningya No. 21’ in irrigated land in the southern mountainous area of Ningnan is 45×10⁵ plants/hm².

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Research Progress on Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Sesame Stem Spot Blight

XIAO Hongyong, WANG Lihong, YIN Changfa, HUANG Jianhua, CHEN Hongfan, LAN Bo, YANG Yingqing

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (8): 119-125. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0294

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The pathogen and symptoms of sesame stem spot blight were described, and the epidemic regularity of sesame stem spot blight was introduced from the aspects of occurrence condition, transmission route, epidemic time and the relationship between climatic conditions and the disease. The agricultural control measures of sesame stem spot blight were introduced from the aspects of selecting resistant varieties, strengthening field management and rational crop rotation. The main fungicide control measures were introduced from seed treatment, soil disinfection, fungicide inhibition and pesticide control. It is suggested that the comprehensive prevention and control model of sesame stem spot blight should be based on the selection of agricultural control measures, i.e. disease-resistant varieties, scientific management and rational crop rotation, and opportunely take chemical control measures, i.e. soil disinfection, seed treatment and fungicide spraying, which can not only control the development of the disease but also meet the demand of people for green food.

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Prediction of Sunflower Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Grades in Hetao Irrigation Area

LIU Wei, WANG Huimin, KONG Deyin, SU Yuanhong, BAO Jiajing, KONG Mingchuan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (8): 140-147. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0333

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Based on the data of the occurrence, the beginning and the occurrence degree of the central diseased plants of sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the sunflower from 2000 to 2021, as well as the meteorological data of the same period, the correlation between the occurrence period and degree of sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower and meteorological conditions was analyzed, and the corresponding forecasting equations were established. The results showed that temperature and humidity were the key factors affecting the occurrence of sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Precipitation, mean wind speed and sunshine hours also had important effects on the occurrence time and degree of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Through stepwise regression, three prediction models were established, all of which passed the significance test of 0.01 level. The fitting effect of historical data is good, the trial report effect is good, and it can be put into actual operation.

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Effects of Peanut and Green Fertilizer Rotation on Soil Water Content and Soil Fertility

YU Shuhui, ZHU Guoliang, MU Xiaoling, DONG Hao, SHI Guifang, ZHENG Zheng, ZHANG Weijian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (8): 74-79. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0340

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To explore the effects of green fertilizer planting on spring peanut nutrient content, soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops on bare land in winter and spring, and to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable rotation mode in spring peanut and other idle winter fields in Shandong, four rotation modes of spring peanut—winter idle field, summer peanut—winter wheat, spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa were set up under the field experiment conditions. The results showed that planting the green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could promote the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of later crops, and the increase degree of Orychophragmus violaceus was higher than that of vicia villosa. Planting green fertilizer crops of Orychophragmus violaceus and vicia villosa could improve soil moisture content and soil fertility of later crops. In 0-20 cm soil layer, soil moisture content of spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus and spring peanut—vicia villosa in 2021 increased by 4.70% and 6.14%, respectively, compared with spring peanut—winter idle field. Similar trends were also observed in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers, and a similar pattern was observed in 2022 compared with 2021. Compared with spring peanut—winter idle field, the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in spring peanut—Orychophragmus violaceus treatment increased by 5.71%, 8.98%, 7.22% and 7.72% on average, while the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in spring peanut—vicia villosa treatment increased by 4.54% and 14.91% on average. In conclusion, green fertilizer can be planted on bare land in winter and spring during spring peanut planting to promote the increase of nutrient accumulation of later crops and improve soil fertility.

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Research on Lodging Resistant Characteristics of Brassica napus L. Variety ‘Qinyou 1618’

ZHANG Zhongxin, WANG Xuefang, ZHANG Yaowen, GUAN Zhoubo, DONG Yuhong, ZHENG Lei, YANG Li

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (6): 48-52. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0459

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The aim was to provide theoretical reference for better creating and breeding new germplasm and new varieties of rapeseed with lodging resistance. Taking ‘Qinyou 1618’ and ‘Qinyou 7’ (CK) as the test materials, the strong lodging-resistant characteristics of ‘Qinyou 1618’ were comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of stem characters, plant architectures and root traits. The results showed that the lignin content (20.35%), crude cellulose content (28.19%), and average bending resistance (95.99 N/mm²) of the main stems of ‘Qinyou 1618’ at maturity stage were all extremely significantly higher than those of CK, and the puncture strength (83.1 N/cm²) was significantly higher than that of CK. In particular, the middle and upper parts (60-80 cm) of the main stems had obvious advantages in bending resistance. Meanwhile, ‘Qinyou 1618’ had a more reasonable plant architecture and a more developed root system: suitable plant height (168.5 cm, 11. 6 cm lower than that of CK), lower first-branch height (64.2 cm, 9.9 cm lower than that of CK), higher number of branches (7.2 branches), high rate of stem solidity, longer main inflorescences, higher number of pods; and the root diameters differed significantly from that of CK at the final flowering stage. ‘Qinyou 1618’ has an excellent performance in all of the above-mentioned aspects of lodging resistance, and it is an important direction for breeding new rapeseed varieties with lodging resistance by a comprehensive consideration of stem characters, plant architectures, root traits and other indicators rather than by a single indicator.

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Field Evaluation of Clubroot-Resistant Rape Varieties in Disease Area of Southwest Yunnan

ZHAO Kaiqin, ZHANG Lifan, ZHANG Yunyun, LIU Yu, LUO Jiajie, YANG Zhaochun, LUO Yanqing

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (2): 16-22. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0061

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In this study, we clarified the field resistance, main agronomic traits and yield performance of ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’, to screen out excellent disease-resistant varieties in the clubroot disease areas. Field experiments were carried out in three rape clubroot disease areas of Tengchong City, Lianghe County and Linxiang County in southwest Yunnan Province. And the varieties developed by our group and local main varieties were used as controls. The results of field experiments showed that the two clubroot-resistant varieties of ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ could mature normally and overwinter safely at the three test sites, with a growth period of 176-199 d, and the performance of each growth period was uniform. ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ showed high resistance to clubroot disease in Tengchong and Lianghe, and disease resistance in Linxiang. The agronomic traits of ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ were good in the three test sites. Compared with the seven control varieties in three test sites, the yield of ‘Huashuang 5R’ was reduced by 2.71% compared with ‘Yunyouza No.12’ in Lianghe; and the yield of ‘Huashuang 5R’ compared with ‘Yunyouza No.12’ and ‘Za 1256’ in Tengchong, ‘Yunyouza 15’ and ‘Huayou No.8’ in Lianghe, ‘Yunyouza No.12’ and ‘Deyou No.1’ in Linxiang was increased by 7.49% to 56.83%; the yield of ‘Huayouza 62R’ was 5.76% lower than that of ‘Yunyouza No.12’ in Lianghe, and was 4.61% lower than ‘Deyou No.1’ in Linxiang; and the yield of ‘Huayouza 62R’ compared with ‘Yunyouza No.12’ and ‘Za 1256’ in Tengchong, ‘Yunyouza 15’ and ‘Huayou No.8’ in Lianghe, ‘Yunyouza No.12’ in Linxiang was increased by 4.12% to 51.90%. ‘Huashuang 5R’ and ‘Huayouza 62R’ showed strong resistance to clubroot disease in the three test sites, with growth period of 176-199 d, and the agronomic traits and yields were normal compared to controls, and could be used as main cultivars in southwest Yunnan Province where clubroot disease was serious.

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Impact of Two New Fertilizers on Effect of Soybean Fertilizer & Planting Density and Soil Enzyme Activity

YUAN Wenxia, BI Yingdong, FAN Chao, LI Wei, LIU Miao, LIU Jianxin, YANG Guang, DI Shufeng, LIANG Wenwei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (5): 53-61. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0129

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In this study, the effects of two new fertilizers and their matching application methods on soybean density and soil enzyme activity were researched. ‘ZLD 120’ was used as the experimental material, the split-plot trial was performed with 6 fertilization treatments (blank fertilization, normal fertilization, low concentration ammonium thiosulfate, high concentration ammonium thiosulfate, 0.5 normal fertilizer+Master Copper, 0.3 normal fertilizer+Master Copper, respectively recorded as T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅, T₆) as main zones and 3 planting density levels (15×10⁴ plants/ hm², 20×10⁴ plants/ hm² and 25×10⁴ plants/ hm²) as sub zones. The results showed that under the same fertilization treatment, the soybean yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting density, and reached the maximum at M₂. With the increase of planting density, the main stem diameter and chlorophyll content gradually decreased, and the plant height and leaf area index gradually increased. Under the same planting density, the yield, leaf area index, soil alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activity increased, but the plant height, main stem diameter and soil urease activity of soybean reduced in ammonium thiosulfate treatment. Compared with T₁ and T₂, the chlorophyll content was higher in T₃. The chlorophyll content increased in T₁ compared with T₄. Soybean yield under the Copper Master treatment was significant higher in T₄ and T₅ than that in T₁ and T₂ under M₃ density, but the overall yield was low compared with other densities at this time. The plant height, main stem diameter, leaf area index and soil enzyme activity trend of soybean under Copper Master treatment were lower than that of T₁ and T₂ on the whole, but the chlorophyll content showed contrary result. To sum up, ammonium thiosulfate treatment under 20× 10⁴ plants/ hm² was the best cultivation pattern, and the maximum yield was 3200.00 kg/ hm² under M₂T₄. We should explore the application of Copper Master on soybeans for the future research.

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Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Characters of New Strains of Flax

GUO Na, MA Jianfu, GUO Yingjie, LI Airong, LIU Dong, ZHANG Lili, HU Yang, LI Feng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (4): 14-19. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0226

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The paper aims to understand the diversity of flax germplasm resources, make full use of its beneficial genes and improve flax breeding efficiency. The main agronomic characters of 12 flax materials introduced from 8 domestic breeding units were analyzed and evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the variation coefficient of agronomic characters ranged from 18.4% to 63.13%, and the difference between the tested materials was obvious. Correlation and grey correlation analysis showed that branch number and plant height were the most important factors affecting the yield. The main agronomic characters were grouped into three main components by principal component analysis, which were branch number factor, process length factor and single fruit number factor. Path analysis showed that increasing the number of branches and grain weight per plant could effectively increase the yield. When the Euclidean distance was 4.02, the 12 test materials were divided into three groups by cluster analysis, and main characteristics of the third group were the highest plant height and process length, the largest number of branching stems, the highest grain weight per plant and yield, and the best comprehensive performance.

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Effects of Zinc on the Active Oxygen Metabolism, Senescence and Yield of Peanut

LI Haidong, JI Congcong, XU Yiping, KANG Tao, CHEN Jiansheng, ZHANG Yanyan, ZHANG Ling, LI Wenjin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (4): 20-25. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0117

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To explore the regulatory mechanism of zinc fertilizer on active oxygen metabolism and senescence of peanut leaves, through field and indoor experiments, the effects of zinc fertilizer (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) application on senescence related parameters and yield of peanut during growth were studied. The results showed that with the increase of zinc application, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, nitrate reductase activity, catalase activity and yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the photorespiration rate, Mehler reaction and malondialdehyde content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Proper application of zinc fertilizer can not only promote the removal of active oxygen, but also inhibit the production of active oxygen. Zinc fertilizer regulates peanut senescence through production and elimination of active oxygen.

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Effect on the Number of Adult Plants and Yield of Brassica napus: Sowing Rate Under Direct Seeding

DAI Xianglai, ZHAO Jixian, HU Quan, ZHOU Weihua

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (3): 54-61. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0017

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The aims of this study were to study the changes of yield and plant traits of conventional rape and hybrid rape under different seeding amounts, and determine the optimum sowing amount of conventional rapeseed and hybrid rapeseed. Using 6 rape varieties as materials, 7 treatments were set up with different sowing amount. The relationships between seeding amount and the number of adult plants, yield and plant character were analyzed. The results showed that, seeding amount had significant effect on the number and yield of adult plants, the number of adult rapeseed plants increased with the increase of sowing amount, and the yield increased first and then decreased. The yield of conventional and hybrid rapeseed was the highest under B₂ treatment (3.0 kg/hm²), which was 2569.51 kg/hm² and 2874.86 kg/hm²respectively. The yields of the two were similar in B₆ treatment, with an average yield of 2418.25 kg/hm². There was a significant positive correlation between conventional rapeseed yield and number per pod (0.6871^**), and there was a highly significant positive correlation between the yield of hybrid rapeseed and the length of the main inflorescence (0.6275^**). Rapeseed quality was mainly determined by variety characteristics, and had nothing to do with sowing quantity. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimum sowing amount for high yield of direct sowing rape was 3.00 kg/hm².

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Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed

ZHAO Kaiqin, ZHANG Yusong, YAN Linxiang, LI Genze, LI Qinggang, LUO Yanqing

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (1): 22-28. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0027

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To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on the growth and yield of Brassica napus L, ‘Yunyouza 28’ was used as materials to measure the growth period, agronomic traits, dry weight and yield under different treatments. 3 density gradients (D₁: 150000 plants/hm2, D₂: 285000 plants/hm2, D₃: 420000 plants/hm²) and 4 nitrogen application levels (N₁: 0 kg/hm², N₂: 75 kg/hm², N₃: 150 kg/hm², N₄: 225 kg/hm²) were set for the study. The results showed that under the same planting density, the whole growth period was extended with the increase of nitrogen application, the root neck diameter, leaf area, and total and green leaf numbers increased at the beginning and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application under D₁ density at flowering stage. Dry matter weight and yield both increased firstly, reached the maximum value under D₁N₂ and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application under each density. Under the same nitrogen application, the whole growth period was shortened with the increase of planting density. The root neck diameter, total leaf numbers, green leaf numbers and leaf area decreased with the increase of planting density at bolting and flowering stage. The dry matter weight and yield decreased with the increase of planting density in various periods. Planting density and nitrogen fertilizer had little influence on early growth and development, mainly from bolting and flowering stage. Planting density had greater effects on the yield and dry matter weight than nitrogen application, which affected the yield through the number of effective pods per plant. With the interaction of density and nitrogen fertilizer, D1₁N₂ treatment (density of 150000 plants/hm², nitrogen application amount of 75 kg/hm²) was the best, which had the highest plant height, the highest total number of leaves and green leaves, root neck diameter and leaf area, and the highest yield per plant and per unit area.

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A Model for Forecasting the Blooming Period of Oilseed Rape in High Altitude Area of Zhaosu

WUMITI·Jumatai, BAI Jinfeng, MA Yuping, WU Nan, MAHEBA·Baheti

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (1): 73-77. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1035

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In this study, gray correlation analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify the most correlated phenological period and significantly correlated meteorological factors for the blooming period of oilseed rape in Zhaosu county, respectively. A regression model was developed using data on phenology and meteorological factors from 1990 to 2019 in Zhaosu county to predict the blooming period in 2020 to 2022. In addition, the mean square error and relative error were used to evaluate the fitting results of the model. Finally, the prediction results of the model were evaluated using the mean fitting accuracy. The results showed that the relative errors of the regression model based on phenological period of oilseed rape in Zhaosu county and the regression model based on meteorological factors in Zhaosu county were 0.72% and 2.59%, respectively, the mean squared errors were 2.6 and 6.0, respectively, and the average fitting accuracy of the prediction results were 98.9% and 91.7%, respectively. A comparison of the two models revealed that the regression model of oilseed rape blooming period in Zhaosu county based on the phenological period was more accurate in model prediction.

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Corn-soybean Intercropping Silage: Exploration of Suitable Harvesting Period and Correlation Analysis of Soybean Agronomic Traits

AN Jiangang, ZHANG Xiao, LIANG Jianqiu, YANG Wenying, ZENG Zhaoqiong, YU Xiaobo, WANG Jia, FENG Jun, ZHANG Mingrong, WU Haiying

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (36): 40-47. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0967

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In order to guide the production of mixed silage of corn and soybean intercropping and select suitable soybean varieties, 17 soybean varieties were tested with corn variety ‘Zheng hong 6’ by observing the changes in yield and moisture content of mixed silage during a certain symbiotic period to determine the appropriate harvest time. Grey correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between 8 indicators of soybean and hay yield, as well as to comprehensively evaluate the performance of soybean varieties. It was found that when the symbiotic period between corn and soybean was 103 days, the mixed hay yield of all corn-soybean combinations reached its peak and the moisture content decreased to below 70%. The top 3 traits that were highly correlated with soybean hay yield were plant height (0.761), reproductive growth period (0.752), and full growth period (0.734), and the top 3 varieties in comprehensive evaluation were ‘Nan chun dou 50’ (0.820), ‘Qi huang 34’ (0.807), and ‘Hua chun 6’ (0.741). For the purpose of mixed silage production, it is advisable to choose tall and late-maturing soybean varieties, especially those with a longer reproductive growth period. The highest hay yield can be obtained by harvesting the mixed silage at a symbiotic period of 103 days in this region.

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