Oil Crops

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The Integrated Technology and Benefit Analysis of Establishing High-yielding Rape in Yunnan

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Journal of Agriculture 2012, 2 (1): 8-11. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0486

Abstract + (6457) PDF (512KB) (1924)

Based on the definite rape varieties in the project area, according to the higherseedrate, the high cost of field management and low utilization of fertilizer and pesticide of the traditional rape in the production. After many years of accumulated experience, Agricultural Technique Extension Station, Long Yang District has a set of synthesized technology integration of high-efficiency production which includes minimum tillage and no-tillage cultivation，the ditching with machine, suitable sowing time, a one-off thinning and ascertaining quantities seedling, simplifying efficient fertilizer treatments, by unifying management to breeding strong seedlings, machinery prevent aphids ,and so on, and screened two early maturity, high quality, high yield and with stronger drought rape varieties-cloud oil hybrid 2, cloud attar 9, which were extended in the rape production areas and similar climate surrounding earlier maturity rape areas in Yunnan, and have lifted expanding of rape planting area. The project established the high-yielding sample rape area of 680 hectares, the average yield was 3478.5kg/hm2, which increased by 18.6% with compared non-demonstration zone, the average yield increased 545.1kg/hm2, the new total output was 370,500kg, the value was 185.33 million yuan，and reduced expenses of 825yuan/ hm2, rape area of 680 hectares may reduce 56.1 million yuan , by the widespread radiation and driving, the average yield increasing of rapeseed was 150-225kg/hm2, which brought very significant economic benefits and social benefits.

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Effects Analysis of Pitaya and Soybean Intercropping System

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (25): 128-132. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030138

Abstract + (3164) PDF (483KB) (385)

To provide a theoretical basis for pitaya ecological cultivation, the effects of pitaya and soybean intercropping pattern on the ecological factors and economic benefit were evaluated by red skin red meat Hylocereus undatus intercropping with‘edamame No.5’or‘Huaxia No.3’. Results indicated that pitaya and soybean intercropping pattern could improve the soil physical characteristics, the soil volume weight reduced by 5.07%-7.97%, total porosity and moisture content increased by 5.51%-8.66% and 56.40%-59.66%, respectively. Also the soil organic matter, total N, available nitrogen and rapidly available potassium respectively increased by 36.61%-42.62%, 75.67%-77.03%, 48.57%-61.92%, and 81.64%-103.12%, but the available phosphorus decreased by 31.89%-35.99%. The intercropping pattern also improved the microecological environment in pitaya orchard, the air temperature and soil temperature reduced by 2℃ and 3℃, respectively, and the relative humidity increased by 4%-6%. The pitaya and soybean intercropping pattern has certain advantages and could significantly improve the economic benefit of pitaya orchard with a benefit raise of 17.86%-24.93%.

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Two Herbicides of Peanut Fields Screening Test

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (9): 30-33. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0512

Abstract + (2606) PDF (1157KB) (1929)

By the experiments of using systemic herbicides acetochlor and quizalofop-p-ethyl to control the weeds in peanut fields. The results showed that the two herbicides were safe with peanut. The 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl 450 g/hm2 and acetochlor 1500 g/hm2 had weeding effect.

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The establishment of the simulated system of drought for soybean in laboratory

Yang Jianping,Chen Xuezhen,Wang Wenping,Li Yang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2003, 19 (3): 65-65. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.030365

Abstract + (2179) PDF (232964KB) (865)

Taking the three species of soybean widely planted in Beijing as the material, we compared the activity of NR, CAT and POD in the plant of the soybean at the osmotic stress of the five different concentration of PEG6000, analysed the content of the chlorophyll and free proline. The results indicated that all of the indexes had shown a significant difference under the treatment of the 5% of PEG6000 by the distinct analysis. The most appropriated concentration of PEG6000 in the simulation of aridity treatment in the laboratory was 15%.

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Effect of Different Top-dressing Times on Photosynthetic Physiological Properties and Yield of Peanut

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (7): 6-10. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0410

Abstract + (2114) PDF (967KB) (2463)

In order to show the inference of fertilizer stages on photosynthesis and yield about peanut planting , Qinghua5 was used to test the best stage to fertilizer . Under field conditions , we explore the change of LAI, SPAD, Photosynthetic rate, Yield components based on fertilizer stages. The results suggested that fertilizer on Flower-peg forming stage can improve LAI significantly and the days of LAI>3 is more than 30; the SPAD of available leaves can maintain higher level, the photosynthetic rate of available leave can improve significantly, the pod numbers of single plant increase 3.5, pod weight increase 9.7%, that reduce to the improvement of 9.33% of economic yield. Fertilizer on Flower-peg forming stage can be a technology on increasing the yield of peanut on planting.

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Efficacy of Oxadiazon?Acetochlor 42% EC in Controlling Annual Weeds in Peanut Fields

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (2): 15-18. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0150

Abstract + (2112) PDF (1157KB) (1978)

Oxadiazon?acetochlor 42% EC was sprayed on soil with pre-emerge peanut to study its control effect, optimum dosage, control techniques on annual weeds and safety to peanut by field trails. The results showed that oxadiazon?acetochlor 42% EC had excellent control effect on annual weeds and no injuries of peanut seedling in peanut fields. The stem control effect of annual weeds reached 91.7%-93.2% after 20 days and 85.7%-87.7% after 40 days at the optimum dosage of 810-1080 g a.i. and water 600 L per hectare. The fresh weight effect of this treatment was 82.1%-84.4% after 40 days.

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Optimization of SSR – PCR Reaction System of Peanut

Zhang Fa, Wan Yongshan, Liu Fengzhen

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (4): 37-41. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20085645

Abstract + (2021) PDF (492437KB) (1088)

FengHua 3 was used in this study to optimize the several factors applied in SSR technique system. dNTP was found to have distinct effect to amplification, and annealing temperature specific to primer pair was also checked. Optimized SSR system for peanut was established : 25 mM MgCl2 1.5 μl, 2.5 mM dNTP 1.6 μl, 5 U/μl Taq 0.17 μl, 100 ng/μl template DNA 0.4 μl, 2.5 mΜ primers 5 μl were added to the PCR mixture. Optimized annealing temperature was 54℃.

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Fertile Culture Technical Research in New Variety of Yuanza 9102

Luo Zhongwei, Zhen Zhigao, Duan Ying, Wang Xiaolin, Zhao Xiaohuan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (7): 173-173. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0507173

Abstract + (1988) PDF (441463KB) (683)

Design 5 all sorts of plant density and 4 competence of applying fertilizer, carrying on fertile culture technical research to the new variety of the peanut of Yuanza 9102 . The showed that different density, applying fertilizer level to yield and LAI of Yuanza 9102 influence differently. Density of sowing on it Yuanza 9102 suitable as 18000 plant/ha, applying fertilizer suitable as 187.5kg/hm2 of Linsuanerqingan .

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The analysis of efficient planting pattern and benefit of flue-cured tobacco barley and peanut riped three times in one year

Xu Dafang , Li Zhang , Wang Hang, Wang Conglong, Ma Jingmin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (2): 81-81. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.050281

Abstract + (1981) PDF (992148KB) (681)

The main technical measures and planting notice that the flue-cured tobacco, barley and peanut riped three times in one year were studied, the benefit of which was also analyzed. It was showed that the net income that the tobacco grower earned could exceed 29,250 yuan/hm2 at this pattern, which increased 11250yuan/hm2 when compared with the pattern that only planting tobacco, and it also had obvious economic benefit and social effect.

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The Research Discussed on Effect Increasing Yield of Soybean with Different Ridges Cultivation

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (6): 8-11. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0352

Abstract + (1968) PDF (984KB) (1702)

To explore the impact of soybean yield on different orientation of the ridge ,the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, the content of chlorophyll the yield and its characters of soybean with different ridges cultivation were tested, the result showed that: The size of leaf area index were in 7.0 above，in the podding period southwest to northeast ridges the highest was 6.52, dry matter accumulation was highest 18.38 g of northeast to southwest ridges in flowering period, and 30.98g of southwest to northeast ridges in podding period, the content of chlorophyll change still performance highest for the northeast to southwest ,the highest hectares yield were 2746.0 kilograms of Northeast to southwest ridges , Compared with other ridges average yield increased 22.51 kilograms.

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Ancestral Analysis of Soybean Cultivars Released in Guangxi

Liang Jiang, Feng Lanshu, Chen Yuan, Wei Qingyuan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2006, 22 (12): 139-139. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0612139

Abstract + (1960)

The auther made an analysis of genetic relationship of the ancestors with their derivative cultivars released in Guangxi, and calculated their coancestry coefficients in this paper. The results showed that the total 12 soybean cultivars and 5 breeding lines released in Guangxi during 1981~2005 can be traced back to 25 ancestors. Among them, 8 were landraces, 14 unknown strains from other provinces, and 3 exotic introductions, one cultivar can be traced back to 2.9 ancestors average. Many ancestors only derived a cultivar, but a few ancestors have derived more than two cultivars. For example, Jingxi Soybean derived 7 cultivars, Beijing Soybean 6, PingGuo Soybean 3 and so on. Single cross are key breeding models in Guangxi, there are 16 from this model among the total 17 strains.

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Gene Flow Risk of Soybean（Glycine max）in China

Huangfu Chaohe, Yang Dianlin, Wang Zhiyong, Zhang Yongsheng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (12): 139-141. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2008-0802

Abstract + (1943) PDF (337451KB) (917)

As more transgenic cultivars become available, the contamination of conventional cultivars and wild relatives with transgenes and the unintended gene flow through natural crossing will become increasingly probable. Transgenic soybean accounted for 51% of the transgenic crops area planted worldwide in 2007. The geographical distribution of wild soybeans in China is very wide while great amount of transgenic soybean was imported, which could cause contamination by gene flow from the transgenic soybean to this wild relatives. As far as the ecological risk of the transgenic soybean in China is concerned, the authors reviewed the probability of gene flow between transgenic soybean and wild soybeans, and the possible post-hybridization effect was discussed as well. In conclusion, some future directions in this research field were proposed for optimization management of transgenic crops in China.

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Study on Extraction and Bioactivity Assay of Pathotoxin Produced by Phytophthora sojae

Zhang Shuzhen, Xu Pengfei Wu Xiaoxia, Zhao Xiaowu, Zhang Dayong, Jiang Zhenfeng, Li Wenbin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (3): 252-252. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0503252

Abstract + (1935)

In this paper, the extraction and bioactivity assay of pathotoxin produced by Phytophthora sojae (Pmg.) were systematically researched. The main results were as follows: The best extraction way of the pathotoxin produced by Pmg was to use the weak polarity organic solvent, especially ether. The rude crystalline of the pathotoxin was gotten by continuous extraction by ether; The bio-activity of the rude pathotoxin was determined by the seedlings with cutting roots, and the symptom of seedlings with cutting roots treated with the concentration of the dilute factor of 100 appeared the same as those with the hypocotyl inoculation. This also proved that the pathotoxin was a kind of Non- Host Specitiy Toxin.

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Correlation Study Between Agronomic Traits and Yield of Oil-sunflower on Summer Sowing

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (9): 22-25. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0557

Abstract + (1917) PDF (1039KB) (1574)

In order to clear the correlation between traits of Oil-sunflower and yield，and to providetheoretical support for breeding fifteen hybids were studied by Correlation Analysis and Path Analysis on summer sowing oil-sun flower in South of Shanxi. It was demonstrated that plant height, stem diameter, the number of single disc seed, and single disc weigh with yield showed a significant or extremely significant correlation, while fall percentage with yield showed a significant negative correlation. The path analysis showed that the number of single disc seed and single disc weigh influenced yield directly, stem diameter influenced yield indirectly, plant height and fall percentage influenced yield synthetically. Further analysis showed that with the increase of plant height and the number of single disc seed yield first increased then decreased. When the number of single disc seed was 1352-1428, plant height was 172.1-176.8 cm, yield reached the biggest. With the increase of stem diameter and single disc weigh yield increased continuously, With the increase of fall percentage, yield decreased continuously. The results can be used to breed oil-sun flower hybids.

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Maintenance approachs of complete male sterility in Brassica napus L.

Wang Rui , Li Jiana

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (1): 43-43. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.040143

Abstract + (1900) PDF (150420KB) (729)

Complete male sterility of Brassica napus L plays an important role in heterosis utilization.This paper summarizes various maintenance approachs of complete male sterility in Brassica napus L. It also points out a prospect of development foreground and study direction of this research field.

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Effect of intercropping patterns on dry matter accumulation and yield components of maize and soybean

Gao Yang,Zu-Gui Liu,Jin-Ping Chen,He-Zhou Wang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (2): 214-221. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2008-1013

Abstract + (1891) PDF (852899KB) (816)

Intercropping of maize and soybean is widely practiced in the northern China. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of intercropping patterns on dry matter accumulation and yield components of maize and soybean. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in dry matter of single maize for different planting patterns during earlier growing stage (before 79 DAS). During later growing period, there was very significant difference between biomass per plant of 1:3 intercropping (treatment I1) and sole maize, and significant difference between dry matter per plant of 2:3 intercropping (treatment I2) and sole maize. There was also significant difference between dry matter of individual plant of 1:3 intercropping and 2:3 intercropping. There was no significant difference in dry matter of single soybean for different planting patterns during whole growing season. Dry matter accumulation of single maize and soybean was fitted with Logistic equation for the intercropping and monocultures, correlation reached very significant level (P<0.01). Dry matter accumulations in the intercropped maize organs were higher than that of the sole maize because of edge effect. There was little difference in soybean organs for different planting patterns. Comparing with the sole maize, the intercropped maize had higher translocation rate of dry matter. Translocation rate of dry matter of the sole soybean was slightly higher than that of the intercropped soybean. When compared to the maize and soybean in the monoculture, the intercropping (I1 and I2 treatments) increased total yield by 6% and 320%, respectively.

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Purification and toxicity characterization of Ricin from Ricinus communis beans

Zeng You-wei, Peng Yong-hong, Song Guang-quan　Xu jie, liang guan-sheng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (4): 23-23. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.040423

Abstract + (1889) PDF (751416KB) (855)

Ricin was purified from Ricinus communis beans to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography, and followed by molecular sieve chromatography. The purified preparation showed two protein bands with relative molecular weights of 32 kDa and 34kDa when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel eloctrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the purified Ricin was pI6.1 and pI6.7 determined by isoelectric focusing (IEF). There were five peaks when Ricin was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under non-denaturing conditions, indicating this Ricin consisted of five different multimers. Purified Ricin revealed high toxicity to mouse, but had no any toxicity to Prodenia litura Fabricius larvae.

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Research Progress and Prospect on Sugarbeet Genetic Engineering

Sun Yaqing, Shao Jinwang, Zhang Shaoying

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2007, 23 (4): 27-27. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.070427

Abstract + (1878) PDF (173080KB) (620)

Study on sugarbeet genetic engineering is one of the hot topics on sugarbeet, some progress have been achieved during the past few years, which aimed to obtain new variety (or line ) with new character by molecular biological means and gene transferring technique. In this paper, we summarized the achievements mainly according to the following aspects: the application, research methods and security estimate. Its limitation and possible future directions for sugarbeet genetic engineering research were analyzed.

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Influence of Grafting Between Different Peanut Styles on the Growth of Plant Seedling

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Journal of Agriculture 2012, 2 (10): 5-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2012-xb0230

Abstract + (1875) PDF (1122KB) (1307)

Abstract: This study aimed to survey the influence of grafting on peanut seedling, in which qinghua5 and Qinghua6 representing Virginia type and Spanish type were used as materials. The results indicated that grafting between the same type and two different types both influenced the growth of peanut seedlings. Seedling obtained from grafting between the same type displays a slow growth, less dry matter accumulations, and worse agronomic characters. With the growth of seedlings, the agronomic characters tend to be normal, the chlorophyll content increases, while the root activity declines. Graft which took qinghua5 as the scion and qinghua6 as rootstock is benefit for the growth of peanut seedling, while graft used qinghua6 as the scion prohibits seedling growth.

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Advances in the Research of Peanut Cultivation in Northern China

Yang Hai-tang Wang Wei Ma Dong-bo

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (4): 169-169. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0404169

Abstract + (1865) PDF (521837KB) (852)

New culitivars contribute around 20% to 30% of peanut production, and cultivation techniques around 70%. Peanut is one of few crops with upper flower and underground fruit, and the cultivated environment is very important to its production. Therefore, the research of peanut cultivation has made a great progress with the change of planting systems and the market demands. The main progresses in peanut cultivation of Northern China in recent 50 years are reviewed in the paper, and it aims to provide references for future peanut production and cultivation researches.

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