Rice

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Present Status and Prospect of Breeding Resistant Cultivers of Brown Planthopper in Rice

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2011, 27 (24): 229-237. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1593

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Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l, BPH) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, and the utilization of resistant cultivar has been recognized as one of effective measures for BPH management. In this paper, biotypes and resistant genes of rice brown planthopper (BPH) were reviewed. Breeding status of resistance to BPH of state are introduced in detail, and suggestions were made on research about resistant breeding in the future.

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Effect on Yield of Super Rice‘Liangyou 616’: Seedling Age, Transplanting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate

Journal of Agriculture 2017, 7 (3): 1-4. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100016

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To reveal the integrative effects of seedling age, transplanting density and nitrogen application rate on yield of middle-season rice‘Liangyou 616’, and study its high-yield cultivation technique, an experiment was designed by using the 311-A optimum regression, and a mathematics (regression) model was established between yield and the factors, seedling age, transplanting density and nitrogen application rate in the filed experiment. The results indicated that the effect of the three factors on yield was as following: nitrogen application rate ＞transplanting density ＞ seedling age. With the simulation and optimization by computer, the results suggested that the optimal combination was seedling age of 30.4d, transplanting density of 204600 clump/hm2，and net N fertilizer of 168.75 kg/hm2, and the imitated highest yield was 9778.1 kg/hm2. The main agronomic measures of‘Liangyou 616’to achieving the yield of more than 8625 kg/hm2 were seedling age of 29-33 d, transplanting density of 172000-227000 clump/hm2 and net N application rate of 160.0-190.8 kg/hm2.

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Comparison of Yield Traits Between Conventional Rice and Hybrid Rice

李经勇,郑家奎,姚雄,甘兴友 and 唐永群

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (27): 5-9. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010144

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Yield improvement has been the primary goal of rice breeding, the yield potential of more and more hybrid rice varieties is not significantly higher than that of the early cultivated rice varieties, but the yield of conventional varieties has been improved constantly as new germplasm resources have been developed and applied, and the yield of some conventional rice varieties is higher than that of hybrid rice. For specification of yield difference between conventional rice and hybrid rice, and reposition conventional rice varieties, this study compared conventional rice and hybrid rice with the same genetic background, and analyzed the yield and its related traits of 12 combinations. The results showed that among the 12 comparison test groups between the conventional rice and hybrid rice, the hybrid rice varieties with significantly higher yield than the conventional ones accounted for 41.7% , conventional rice varieties with higher yield than the hybrid ones accounted for 16.6%, and the yield difference being not obvious between the two accounted for 41.7% of the total. Part of the conventional varieties had the same yield or even higher yield compared with the same type hybrid rice. The study could provide a theoretical reference for the conventional genetic breeding and its popularization and application.

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Distribution and Transportation of Cd, Cr, Pb in Rice with Contamination in Soil

Chen Huiru,Dong Yaling,Wang Qi,Liu Binmei,Wu Yuejin and Wang Yu

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (12): 236-241. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100001

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In order to ascertain the heavy metal content of organs of rice plants, distribution and accumulation of Cd, Cr, Pb in rice were studied after exogenous soluble heavy metals put in the paddy soil in 2013. The results showed that with the increase of heavy metal, heavy metal enrichment of rice plants rose, but at high concentrations of heavy metal pollution, enrichment factor decreased in rice plants. And there was no significant difference between the height of rice plant and dry matter. It was demonstrated that the migration capacity of heavy metals in rice plant in the order was: Cd>Cr>Pb, heavy metals in different organs of rice plant showed enrichment capability root>stem>leaf>grain. And the content of heavy metals of aleurone layer in rice grain was significantly greater than that in endosperm. After processing into milled rice, Cd content of brown rice can be reduced by 19%, Cr content can be reduced by 56.8%, Pb content can be reduced by 29.8%. Therefore, processing can reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution of rice and avoid certain eating risk.

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Research Progress on Endophytes in Rice

Li Gongcheng,Zhang Shiying,Xiao Wei,Long Zhiyong and Zhang Naiming

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (12): 157-162. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2591

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In order to provide reference to the research of rice and endophyte, this paper expounds the kinds of rice endophytic bacteria, summarizes the interaction including azotification and growth-promoting, disease-resistant, and functional mechanism between rice and endophyte, and discusses the migration of endophyte in the rice. The author points out that the rice endophyte research are focusing on the selection and application of functional strains at present, without systematic summary of theory, interaction mechanism of rice and endophytes is still unclear, pure culture should be combined with free training method, dynamic tracking of the changing rule of the rice endophytic bacteria should be carried out, and the future research trends are prospected.

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Establishment of Rice Amylose and Protein Mutant Lines by Heavy Ion Irradiation

Cheng Weimin,Liu Binmei,Ye Yafeng,Xu Zhuopin,Wang Qi,Liu Jing,Tao Liangzhi and Wu Yuejin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2016, 32 (6): 86-90. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090131

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Agronomic trait mutant library was established by the method of heavy ion irradiation of ‘Wuyunjing7’, amylose and protein mutant materials were screened and the correlation between grain quality and agronomic traits was analyzed. The results showed that the mutation range of amylose content was 11.50%-21.70% of 202 ‘Wuyunjing7’ mutants, 23 belonged to high amylose content mutants and 29 belonged to low amylose content mutants; the mutation range of protein content was 7.91%-13.97%, 29 high protein content mutants and 24 low protein content mutants were obtained. The results of correlation analysis showed that the protein content had a significantly negative correlation with grain number of per spike, plant height, setting rate, thousand kernel weight and panicle length, the correlation coefficient was -0.540, -0.593, -0.387, -0.581 and -0.563, respectively. A significantly positive correlation was found between the amylose content and the panicle length, and the correlation coefficient was 0.294. The principal component analysis showed that the 6 agronomic traits were integrated into 3 principal components, and the accumulative contribution rate reached 89.118%. The establishment of amylose and protein mutant lines could provide materials for the study of synthesis pathway of quality characters and gene regulation and quality breeding.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount on Grain Filling Rate of Different Panicle and Grain Positions of Rice

Journal of Agriculture 2016, 6 (2): 8-21. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15070014

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In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer amount on grain filling rate of different pinnacle and grain positions, using‘nongda 3’as experimental material, under the condition of the same amount of phosphate and potash fertilizer, by changing the nitrogen fertilizer amount, the grain filling rate of different panicle and grain positions was studied. The results showed that the grain filling rate of different panicle positions was as follows: before grouting peak, whether it was the first branch or the secondary branch grains, the grain filling rate declined along with the lowering of the panicle position. After grouting peak, the filling rate of the first branch grains increased as the panicle position declined, the filling rate of the secondary branch grains was in an order of lower >middle > upper except under high fertilizer treatment (160-240 kg/hm2), which was middle > upper > lower. The grain filling rate of the same panicle position of the first and the secondary branch grains was as follows: before grouting peak, the filling rate the first branch grain was greater than that of the secondary branch grains; after grouting peak, the filling rate of the secondary branch grains was higher than that of the first branch grains. Grain filling rate of different panicle and grain positions showed an obvious unimodal curve, and the grain filling rate decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount and the decline of panicle position.

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Genetic Dissection of Flag Leave Angle and Main Panicle Yield Trais in Rice

Zhang Keqin, , Dai Weimin, , Fan Yeyang, Shen Bo, Zheng Kangle

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (9): 186-192. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20086147

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High rice yield was contributed by ideal rice architecture greatly, and flag leave angle was one of the most important components of the ideal rice architecture, which effects rice yield gaining. With the advance of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), finding and using quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning flag leave angle and other yield traits would contribute to high yield gaining drastically. A linkage map consisting of 256 DNA markers were constructed by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the indica-indica rice cross Zhenshan 97B×Milyang 46. QTL conditioning flag leave angle (FLA) and other four grain yield traits were determined at the one-locus level. Seventeen QTL were detected to have significant additive effects for these traits. General contributions to the phenotypic variance were between 3.46%~25.64%. QTL conditioning the all five traits were detected on chromosome 1,of which two were for FLA; each QTL were detected on chromosome 2、3、9、10and 11,respectively; three QTL for FLA、total number of spikelets per panicle (TNSP) and number of filled grain per panicle (NFGP) respectively were detected on chromosome 5; one QTL for NFGP and two QTL for grain weight per panicle (GWP) were detected on chromosome 6.Correlation analysis revealed that flag leave angle increased grain yield by increasing spikelet fertility.

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Identification Evaluation of Waxy Rice Strainswith Early Maturity

Journal of Agriculture 2016, 6 (2): 1-7. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15070003

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In order to learn characteristics and the role of rice waxy lines in hybrid rice breeding, agronomic traits, grain quality, resistance and restoring force has been identified on waxy rice with early maturity in Fuzhou early season. The result indicated that ‘WX4’, ‘WX8’ and ‘WX9’ had better comprehensive performance on agronomic traits,grain quality, resistance and restoring force, and they could be used as restorer lines. By studying on key character of hybrids which obtained by waxy rice strains crossed with three waxy rice CMS-Lines, the combinations of waxy lines with ‘JianongWXA1’had better yield performance.Among these combinations, JianongWXA1/WX3 and JianongWXA1/WX4 accord with the standard of rice breeding in fujian early season on duration from seeding to heading and waxy endosperm quality, although their yield has lower than CK,but not significant. By combine the comprehensive characters of restorer lines and their hybrids,it was considered that restorer line ‘WX4’ has better performance.It has good value in conventional and hybrid rice breeding after being evaluated. ‘WX4’ was named ‘Fu Nuo Hui 1 Hao’.

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Vector Construction of Cis-acting Regulatory DNA Elements of Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi63

Liang Huabing,Wang Xiaowan,Hu Xiaolan,Zhao Feng,Zhang Chengguo,Han Shuhui,Yao Fucheng and Xu Xin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (30): 220-224. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060135

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Rice blast resistance gene Pi63 has fine field resistance to the rice blast disease and its resistance levels are closely correlated with its gene expression levels. However, the mechanism of the expression of Pi63 has not been investigated. In this study, cis-acting regulatory DNA elements in promoter region of Pi63 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. 4 constructs containing different elements were obtained using plant binary vector pCAMBIA1391Z. The positive clones were verified by colony PCR and restriction enzyme digestion and further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the 4 deletant vectors were successfully constructed, which laid the foundation for further research on the effect of different cis-acting regulatory DNA element on the resistance of Pi63 and the expression pattern of Pi63.

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Study on Cold-Resistance Rice Seedling Nurturing Using Biochemical Calefacient

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (8): 5-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0396

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In cold regions like Heilongjiang province of China, low temperature is generally a limit to the growth of rice seedling. This paper reports the effects of the biochemical calefacien (a kind of microbial community) application combined with rice straw on rice seedbed temperature, seedling quality, rice growing seasons and yield characteristics after transplanting in such a region. The conducted field experiments included two parts of the seedbed and the paddy field. Four treatments, i.e., 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 kg/100 m2 application rates of the biochemical calefacien, were designed with three replicates. The results show that the application of the biochemical calefacient can significantly elevate the temperature of the rice seedbed, improve the seedling quality, promote the rice maturity and increase the rice yield and profit. The best application rate is 5.0 kg/100 m2 with the greatest increases of 8.8% for yield and of 2110 yuan/hm2 for profit.

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Study on the Soil Nutrients Limiting-factors of the Rice Spike Develop Abnormality in the Jianghuai Hilly Land

Wu Zhipeng, Ma Youhua, Song Falong, Sun Xiulun, Dai Housheng, Wang Shuwen, Zou Shunli

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (7): 288-293. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20086044

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In order to find the soil nutrients limiting-factors of the Rice spike develop abnormality in Jianghuai Hilly Land ,the soil nutrients limiting factors in those areas were studied with a systematic approach technique on soil nutrient status through laboratory analysis,absorption study, pot experiment and using sorghum as indicator plant in Feidong,Changfeng and Yingshang in Anhui province.The result displayed that the main soil nutrients limiting-factors of Feidong soil were Zn, N, P, K, Zn, N, K, P of Changfeng soil and N, K, P, Zn of Yingshang soil.The reason comprehensive function of the Rice spike develop abnormality in the Jianghuai Hilly Land were these nutrient elements.

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The Current Situation and Prospect on the Rice Production in Heilongjiang Province

Zuo Yuanzhi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (1): 335-335. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0501335

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Heilongjiang Province is high cold rice region in north China, the gifted favorable natural resources is very much suitable for developing rice production. But because of the historical reason, Cultivated area wandered up and down in 137,000~245,500 hectares from 1955 to 1983, The yield per hectare was 2535~4482 kilograms, belong to a low yield rice area in our country, with little cultivated area, not high and changing a bigger yield per unit area. After popularizing the technology of drought grows seedlings and plant rarely in 1984, great change and development took place in cultivation technique, the per unit area yield was relatively low yet, 4744.77 kilograms / hectare from1985 to 1994. For this reason, “the comprehensive technical research and demonstration of high yield on large area” was carried out in 1995. The result showed that the cultivated area was 390,000 hectares on average every year, account for 29% of the whole province area 135.62 million hectare on average during the same period, the yield per unit hectare 7893 kilograms on average, had increased by 37.3% than the past 5 years average output 5748.57 kilograms / hectare and 32.9% than the average yield in whole province at the same time. In this paper, it was also indicated the future development prospect and a further shift way in yield potential in Heilongjiang province.

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Variety Screening and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of Ratoon Rice in Hunan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2016, 32 (15): 1-5. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110028

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The objective was to screen for suitable varieties of ratoon rice and studied the high yield cultivation techniques in Hunan. The sowing time, harvest time, growth period and the tiller number per,the average number of each clump of the ratoon rice were recorded and calculated , the growth period, ratooning ability, yield and quality of 7 different rice variety were compared to select the suitable varieties as ratoon rice .Then taking the best one as the study material , the influence were studied of the fertilizing time, the way of harvest and stubble height on the tillering, height and the production of ratoon rice. To explored the control plans of plant disease and insect pest, and make demonstration experiment on Hunan. The results showed that, as a ratoon rice, ‘Y Liangyou 9918’ had the advantages of short growth period, strong regeneration ability, high yield, good quality and taste, which the best fertilizer application time was about 7 days before harvest of the first-season rice ; it was better to keep the stubble height between 25cm to 27cm by mechanics-harvesting; when the control of the plant disease and the insect pest, it should adopt to the “a mix of three spray” method, so the production of ratoon rice could be 3000-4500 kg/hm2. The high yield cultivation techniques of ratoon rice was constructed in Hunan, it could decrease the cost of production, and further improve the yield of the ratoon rice. So it had practical significance of popularization and application.

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Ammonium Molybdate Method for Detecting the Activities of Rice Catalase

PENG Jian , , , , ,

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (16): 61-64. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2009-0352

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Abstract:To detect the activities of rice catalase ,ammonium molydate method is accurate, convenient and efficient .The reliability of the method was verified by using flag leaf of Neiliangyou 6 and Xiushui 09 and comparing the accuracy and the precision with ultraviolet absorption method.The first,the average of two method have no significent difference .The second, the Coefficient of Variation of ultraviolet absorption method respectively is 0.78% and 0.58%,and the Coefficient of Variation of ammonium molydate method respectively is 0.35% and 0.42％.

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Different Kinds of Fertilizer Afferect the Yield and Grain Quality in the SRI

He Yangdong, Ma Jun, Wei Wanrong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (6): 177-177. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0406177

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