Agrometeorology

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Picking Period Prediction of ‘Wuniuzao’ in Gaochun

MIAO Yingqi, SHI Dongtou, REN Yifang

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (2): 89-94. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0074

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In order to realize the best effects of spring tea picking in Gaochun, to optimize the tea picking time, and help tea farmers and tea enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency, based on the actual situation in Gaochun, the most suitable and effective forecast model of picking period was established to carry out the relevant analysis of spring tea picking period in Gaochun, so as to apply it into the actual production. Based on the first picking date of 'Wuniuzao' in Gaochun Chunqing Tea Garden from 2012 to 2023 and the meteorological data of the same period, the accumulated temperature and gradual regression methods were applied to construct the accumulated temperature forecast model and the stepwise regression forecast model. Research showed that the product temperature forecast model had great uncertainty, results of stepwise regression forecast model was more comparable with the actual result. The average temperature in the early January, the average relative humidity and sunshine duration in the middle of January, the days that average temperature less than 4℃ in the early February were the key meteorological factors affecting the picking period of 'Wuniuzao'. The absolute error value of forecast result and the actual error were mostly within 1d. Stepwise regression forecast model has actual production guidance, and can provide the local tea farmers and local tea enterprise picking advice.

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Research on Early Warning Level of Snow Disaster in Solar Greenhouse Based on Disaster Damage

LI Changyu, ZHANG Lingzhen, ZHANG Tinghua, PENGMAO Qingcuo, LI Jun, CHEN Dongwei, LI Shubin

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (2): 95-100. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0006

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In order to satisfy the refined service requirements of modern agriculture, this study established a snow disaster warning system of solar greenhouses, which could guide farmers to take effective measures to reduce or avoid economic losses that caused by snow disasters. The extreme probability distribution model was used to analyze the maximum snow depth data of 13 counties in Hehuang Valley of Qinghai Province from 1978 to 2021, and calculated the maximum snow pressure of the solar greenhouse with 30°, 35°and 40° slope angles during the 30-year return period, and then the snow disaster critical index of the solar greenhouse was obtained. It was selected the actual snow disaster data, the snow depth data of solar greenhouse, and the loss rate caused by the snow disaster year as a factor in Hehuang Valley from 1985 to 2021 based on the previous foundation. According to the method of calculating the standardized precipitation index to the proportion of different levels disasters in the total disaster, the threshold values of different levels of snow disasters of solar greenhouse were determined, and then the snow disaster warning indicator system was established based on the solar greenhouse loss rate according to the relationship between snow depth and greenhouse loss rate. It was classified the warning levels of solar greenhouse snow disasters into three levels: mild, moderate, and severe. This new method puts forward new ideas for the division of snow disaster indicators in solar greenhouses. It is not only simple, but also has regional universality and is convenient for meteorological service business applications.

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Temporal Characteristics and Impact Differences of Major Agro-meteorological Disasters in Heilongjiang Province Under Climate Change

WANG Qiujing, MA Guozhong, ZHAI Mo, CHU Zheng, QU Huihui, JIANG Lixia

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (5): 110-118. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0485

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Based on the grain sown area, disaster data, and agro-meteorological disaster data of Heilongjiang Province from 1972 to 2020, this study employed grey correlation analysis and an integrated agro-meteorological disaster loss model to examine the temporal changes in major agro-meteorological disasters over the past five decades. The research also explored the occurrence characteristics and agricultural impacts of different levels of agro-meteorological disasters under the backdrop of climate change. The results indicated that while the total agricultural disaster area exhibited a fluctuating downward trend (P>0.05), the proportion of disaster-affected areas showed a slight upward trend (P>0.05). Among various meteorological disasters, their effects on agriculture were ranked as follows: drought > low temperature c > flood > wind - hail, with drought and low temperature having the most significant impact and causing more severe damage. In Heilongjiang Province, 85% of the years experienced agro-meteorological disasters, with 15% being classified as major or severe disasters. The most severe disaster years were 1976, 2002, and 2003, with comprehensive disaster indices of 5.8173, 5.1791, and 5.3219, respectively. The disaster-affected area was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield (P < 0.05). As the disaster-affected area increased, grain yield decreased. Specifically, for every 100×10³ hm² increase in the disaster-affected area, grain yield per unit area decreased by 26.34 kg. On average, grain yield per unit area decreased by 38.27 kg. However, there was no significant correlation between the affected area and grain yield during mild or minor disaster years. These disaster assessment results align well with historical records of agricultural disasters in Heilongjiang Province and can provide valuable scientific references for mitigating disaster risks and ensuring stable and high grain yields in agricultural production.

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Study on Meteorological Suitability of Winter Wheat in Jianghan Plain Based on Optimized Sowing Date

XIA Yan, LIU Kaiwen, YE Pei, DENG Yanjun, XIAO Xiao, GENG Yifeng, WU Qixia

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (4): 102-107. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0375

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In order to optimize wheat sowing date in the Jianghan Plain, enhance the adaptability to climate change, and promote wheat yield and quality, the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteorological suitability in winter wheat were compared based on the meteorological suitability evaluation model. Results showed that, climate change could increase the temperature suitability and precipitation suitability, but reduced that of sunlight. Delaying the sowing date could appropriately improve the meteorological suitability. Among them, November 11^th was the best sowing date, next was November 21^st and November 1^st, by enhancing the temperature and precipitation suitability from the jointing to maturity stage. Compared with the traditional sowing date (October 21^st), delaying sowing for about 20 days (November 11^th) is beneficial for improving the meteorological suitability in the Jianghan Plain.

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Analysis of Evolution of Climate Factors and Wheat Regional Experimental Variety Traits in Xuzhou Region from 2004 to 2022

LIU Liwei, LIU Jing, WANG Jing, YI Yuan, ZHU Xuecheng, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Huiyun, MA Hongbo, LIU Dongtao, FENG Guohua

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (3): 76-83. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0056

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The study aimed to provide theoretical support for identifying the growth characteristics of new wheat strains in Huaibei District, Jiangsu Province, and for new varieties breeding direction and green high-efficiency and high-yield cultivation technology measures in Xuzhou and the same ecological area. Multiple agronomic character data and meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation and light during wheat growth period of 335 new wheat lines in Huaibei wheat regional experiment in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2022 were used to analyze the evolution law and their correlation in the past 20 years. The results showed that during the wheat growing period, the total precipitation increased by 2.1451 mm per year, and the total sunshine duration decreased by 5.5074 h per year. In January, February and March, the overall temperature rise was obvious, the overwintering period of wheat was gradually shortened, and the regreen jointing period was advanced. The proportion of increased wheat varieties in the test was fluctuating, but the overall trend was rising. The basic seedlings, maximum tiller, plant height, volume weight, number of ears and grain yield showed an increasing trend, the growth period was slightly shortened; the 1000-grain weight and grans per spike were basically flat, but slightly decreased. The coefficient of variation was the smallest in the growth period (2.71%). The highest number of tillers per hectare was 19.86%. The coefficient of variation of growth period, bulk weight and plant height was less than 10%, and the coefficient of variation of other traits was more than 10%. The results of comparison between the top 10 and the bottom 10 showed that wheat lines with more than 6.2 million panicle number, more than 35 grains per spike, more than 43g 1000-grain weight and more stable agronomic traits were more likely to obtain high yield. The correlation analysis results showed that the three factors of yield were positively correlated with yield, while the effective panicle number was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight and the number of grains per panicle. Cultivating new varieties with three factors of yield synergistic improvement and matching cultivation measures to cope with climate change is an important way to achieve high and stable yield of wheat in Xuzhou and the same ecological area.

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The Impact of Climate Warming on Growth, Development, and Yield of Winter Wheat in Northern Henan Province-Taking Qinyang City as an Example

ZHANG Xingang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (3): 98-106. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0264

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Climatic factors are the main factors affecting crop growth and development, and have a significant impact on crop growth, yield, and quality. In order to explore the characteristics of climate factor changes in northern Henan and their impact on winter wheat production, this study used agrometeorological observation data of winter wheat from 1984 to 2022 in Qinyang County, Henan Province, combined with meteorological observation data from the same period, and used methods such as linear tendency estimation, Mann Kendall test, HP filtering, and correlation analysis to study the quantitative impact of climate factor changes and climate yield during the growth period of winter wheat. The results showed that from 1984 to 2022, the temperature during the growth period of winter wheat showed a significant fluctuation and upward trend, with a climate tendency rate of 0.35℃/10a (P<0.05). There were obvious seasonal changes in temperature during the growth period, and a sudden change in temperature occurred in 1994. In the past 39 years, the accumulated temperature at ≥0℃ had increased, with a climate tendency rate of 53.5℃/10a (P>0.05), and the mutation points were in 2010 and 2021. The precipitation and sunshine hours during the growth period showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with the linear tendency rates of 13.4 mm/10a (P>0.05) and -43.0 h/10a, respectively. Affected by climate change, the duration of winter wheat growth season was significantly shortened, and the yield was greatly affected by climate factors. Within a certain temperature range, the climate yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of temperature. For every 1℃ increase in temperature, the climate yield increased by 14.53 g/m². The suitable threshold for accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ during the growth period was 2281℃. There are differences in the impact of climate factors on the climate yield of winter wheat in different growth periods. The sunshine hours from tillering to over wintering, booting to heading, booting to heading temperature, heading to flowering, and precipitation throughout the entire growth period are key factors affecting winter wheat yield. This study can provide important references for regional winter wheat response to climate change and agricultural scientific decision-making.

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Evaluation Index Design of Climatological Quality for Wuwei Premium Pear: A Case Study of Liangzhou Crown Pear

HU Lili, HU Min, GUO Yanlan, JIANG Jufang, XIE Wanyin

Journal of Agriculture 2025, 15 (1): 92-99. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0277

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Design of climate quality evaluation index for Liangzhou crown pear, the method of climate quality certification of fruit quality were discussed in this paper, which provided technical support for local high quality pear climate quality certification. Using the meteorological observation data and fruit quality observation data from selected test sites from 2016 to 2022, the meteorological factors with obvious biological significance to the fruit quality of crown pear were identified through correlation analysis. Through these sensitive meteorological factors, the entropy weight method was used to establish the relationship matrix, evaluation set and weight set, and the climate evaluation index of crown pear quality. The results showed: (1)the optimum temperature indexes of the local crown pear during its growth stage were 10-16℃ at flowering stage, 12-18℃ at fruiting stage, 15-25℃ from young fruit maturity to maturity stage, and the effective precipitation was ≥0.1 mm. (2)The main meteorological factors affecting the quality of crown pear were the meteorological factors during the ripening stage and the nutrient accumulation period. (3)The meteorological evaluation of crown pear was to remove the disastrous weather effects from the suitable climatic conditions, and the evaluation results were divided into three grades: excellent, good and general. (4)Taking the observation data of crown pear in the experimental base in 2022 as an example, the fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated, and the maturity evaluation score was 86.865, which belonged to the excellent product. The comprehensive meteorological evaluation method in this paper not only differs from the existing qualitative model in module construction, but also highlights innovation in data analysis and standard establishment, which is suitable for the quantitative evaluation of the climate quality of local crown pear.

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Meteorological Condition Analysis and Climate Quality Certification of Dendrobium officinale in Guizhou: A Case Study of Anlong County

CHEN Fang, ZUO Jin, LIU Yupeng, YANG Shiqiong, LI Huixuan, LIU Xuanming, GU Shuhong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (1): 112-118. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0035

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Based on the meteorological data of temperature, sunshine, and precipitation from the national benchmark climate station in Anlong County, Guizhou Province, and the automatic weather station in Pojiao Town, this study analyzed the impact of meteorological conditions on the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale in 2021, explored the climatic suitability zoning indicators for D. officinale in southwestern Guizhou Province, and identified the main climatic conditions and key factors that affect its quality. This was done to provide a scientific basis for D. officinale cultivation techniques and production management conditions. The research results indicated that the annual average temperature in Anlong County ranged from 14.4-16.2℃, with the hottest month averaging 20.8-23.0℃ and the coldest month averaging 6.5℃. The annual average frost-free period was 308 days, the annual average precipitation was 1184.0 mm, and the annual sunshine duration was 1571.0 hours. By integrating the main agro-meteorological disasters during various phenological stages, such as drought, hail, rainstorm, and late spring coldness, the climate quality grade for D. officinaleproduction in Anlong County was certified and comprehensively statistically analyzed. Considering the suitability of D. officinale, the weather and climate conditions of the year, and the cultivation environment, the 2021 D. officinale in Anlong County was evaluated as excellent. The implementation of climate quality certification for D. officinale enhances the added value and economic benefits of agricultural products and provides meteorological technological support, indicating promising application prospects.

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A Research on Tea Cultivating Agricultural Climatic Regionalization in Anji County Based on GIS

XU Jinping, JIANG Xiaomei, HU Bo, HU Yue, LI Yun, CHENG Yikai

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (1): 119-125. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0730

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The industry of Anji white tea as the core agricultural industry is an important starting point for rural revitalization in Anji, Zhejiang. Establishment of tea planting regionalization in Anji County will provide favorable support for planters to build an ecological tea plantation in this area. Based on meteorological observation data such as temperature and relative humidity, basic geographic data and soil data from 6 national meteorological observation stations and 49 encrypted automatic meteorological stations in Anji County and its surrounding areas, nine factors of meteorology, topography and soil were selected to carry out the fine simulation of spatial distribution, and the AHP method was used to establish the evaluation model of tea cultivation suitability zoning. Then the comprehensive regionalization of tea planting suitability was completed. The results show that the most suitable area for tea planting in Anji County is 623.09 km², which is distributed in Meixi Town, Xilong Township, Dipu Street, Changshuo Street and other areas in the north and middle of Anji County. The suitable area for tea planting is 622.46 km², which is distributed in the north and middle of the county, such as Dipu Street, Xiaofeng Town, Zhangwu Town, the west of Hanggai Town, and the north of Tianhuangping town; The dimensions of unsuitable cultivation area is 441.43 km², which is mainly distributed in the south of the county, including Zhangcun Town, Baofu Town, Shangshu Town, south of Tianhuangping town and Shanchuan town. Through the regionalization of the suitability of tea cultivation in Anji County, this paper provides a reference for the selection of geographical location for Anji white tea planting, and provides ideas for the high-quality production of tea seedlings.

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Analysis of Drought Characteristics During Growing Season of Alpine Grasslands in High-altitude Areas of Ili River Valley Based on SPEI

WUMITI·Jumatai, SHEN Wei, GUO Yanyun, YILIYAER·Yekemujiang, MEILIKAN·Kermaimaiti, YEERBULAN·Nuerdawulieti, MA Yuping

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (12): 78-84. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0258

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Using monthly temperature and precipitation data from Zhaosu County meteorological station in the Ili River Valley from 1956 to 2022, as well as data on the growth period of grasslands, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), regression analysis, Mann-Kendall test, and other methods were adopted to analyze the drought variation characteristics during the growing season (April to August) of alpine grasslands in the high-altitude areas of the Ili River Valley. The results showed that the annual average temperature in Zhaosu County from 1956 to 2022 was 3.5°C, with a significant upward trend of 0.3°C/10 years. The annual precipitation was 509.3 mm, showing significant interannual variability but no significant increasing trend. The drought frequency during the entire growth period of grasslands in Zhaosu County was 16.4%, with a probability of severe drought occurrence at 7.5%. The drought frequencies during the greening, tillering, heading, and flowering stages were 13.4%, 16.4%, 22.3%, and 22.4% respectively. The greening stage showed no significant drought trend, while the tillering, heading, and flowering stages exhibited significant drought trends. The results are expected to provide a scientific theoretical basis for monitoring, early warning, and defense against grassland drought disasters in Zhaosu County.

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Classification of Low Temperature Disaster Types of Greenhouse Cucumber in Central and Southern Hebei

ZHAO Yubing, SUN Dian, ZHANG Jie, YANG Lina, ZHANG Ziyao, SUN Donglei

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (12): 85-91. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0266

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The aim of this paper is to establish a meteorological service index system for the disaster caused by low temperature in greenhouse vegetable production in central and southern Hebei Province, in order to further improve the accuracy of agricultural meteorological service for the risk level prediction of greenhouse freezing damage. From December 2017 to February 2022, a typical energy-saving solar greenhouse was selected with ‘Jinyou No. 6’ cucumber as the test material. The low-temperature oligolighting environment was established by hanging sunshade net, and the effect of low-temperature oligolighting on the growth of cucumber seedlings in the solar greenhouse was studied by pot experiment. (1) The lowest indoor meteorological index of disaster caused by low temperature in solar greenhouse in south Hebei Province was 10℃. (2) The daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse had no significant correlation with the sunshine of the day, the minimum humidity of the day before and the sunshine of the day before, but had extremely significant or significant positive correlation with other meteorological factors; when the average temperature of the previous day, the maximum temperature, the average temperature of the previous day, the minimum temperature and the minimum temperature of the previous day were lower, the daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse dropped obviously, which was easy to cause disaster to cucumbers and other fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse. (3) Frost damage was divided into three types according to weather conditions outside the greenhouse: From December 2017 to February 2022, the number of freezing damage days of different types was 12 d, 22 d and 36 d, accounting for 17.14%, 31.43% and 51.43% of the total number of days, respectively. A regression model was established for the indoor minimum temperature of the three groups and the significant correlation between outdoor meteorological elements. The indoor meteorological index of low-temperature disaster caused by solar greenhouse in central and southern Hebei Province was defined and the types of low-temperature disaster were divided, which provided support for the prediction of the risk level of greenhouse freezing damage.

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Variation Characteristics and Disaster Risk Analysis of Strong Wind in Ripening Period of Actinidia Arguta: A Case Study of Dandong Area

DONG Haitao, WU Huanfeng, SHAN Lulu, LI Runan, LIU Dongming

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (35): 110-118. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0249

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In order to fully understand the impact of strong wind disaster on the maturity stage of Actinidia arguta, the meteorological data of the maturity stage of Actinidia arguta at four stations in Dandong from 1991 to 2020 were used, and the maximum wind speed ≥12.0 m/s was used as the index of strong wind disaster. Considering the frequency, intensity and duration, the risk levels of mild, moderate and severe strong wind disaster were formulated. The variation law of strong wind disaster of Actinidia arguta was analyzed by the number of disasters and the ratio of stations, and the risk probability of strong wind disaster was evaluated based on information diffusion theory. The results showed that the maximum wind speed during the ripening period of Actinidia arguta in Dandong area showed a downward trend in the past 30 years, and the number of days of strong wind process showed a decreasing trend. Among them, the decrease in Zhen'an area was the smallest, and the number of years and days of strong wind was the most, which was more prone to strong wind disaster risk. The time variation characteristics of the occurrence times of different grades of strong wind disasters in the mature period of Actinidia arguta in Dandong area during 30 years were obvious. The occurrence times of three grades of strong wind disasters were mild > moderate > severe, and the occurrence probability was consistent with them, which were 66.5%, 13.4% and 10.0%, respectively. The corresponding historical recurrence periods were more than 2 years, 10 years and 10 years. At the same time, the high risk probability areas corresponding to the three grades of strong wind disasters were Fengcheng (mild), Zhen 'an (moderate) and Donggang (severe). The probability of gale disaster in each region from high to low was Zhen 'an, Fengcheng, Donggang and Kuandian, and their exceeding probabilities were 95.0%, 89.9%, 86.6% and 33.4%, respectively. The gale disaster was in the range of one to three years. The research results obtained the risk probability and return period law of different gale disasters at each site, which provided a reference for scientific response to the gale disaster in the mature period of Actinidia arguta.

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Risk and Microbial Community Characteristics of Antibiotics in Soil of Solar Greenhouse with Pig Manure Application: A Case Study of Solar Greenhouse in Yongqing County, Hebei Province

ZHAO Yunyun, HE Fen, YIN Yilei, PAN Shoujiang, JIAN Baoquan, QI Yue, ZHU Limei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (35): 82-88. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0443

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In recent years, the facility planting industry has developed rapidly. Organic fertilizers derived from livestock and poultry manure have become widely used in facility planting. Animal manure is one of the primary sources of antibiotics in the soil of facility planting. These antibiotics can be absorbed by crops and transmitted through the food chain, ultimately posing a threat to human health. The study focused on the impact of antibiotic residues in pig manure organic fertilizer on the ecological risk and biodiversity of soil antibiotics in a solar greenhouse in Yongqing County, Hebei Province, a major vegetable planting county. By measuring the types and contents of antibiotics in pig manure and greenhouse soil, the ecological risk of various antibiotics was evaluated using the risk quotient method; the characteristics of the microbial community were determined using metagenomic methods, and the impact of antibiotic residues on soil microbial diversity was explored. The results showed that: (1) seven typical veterinary antibiotics were detected in pig manure and greenhouse soil samples, namely sulfamethoxazole (SM2), norfloxacin(NOR), Ciprofloxacin(CIP), Enrofloxacin(ENR), Tetracycline(TC), Oxytetracycline(OTC) and Chloramphenicol(CTC). (2) The concentrations of enrofloxacin and aureomycin in pig manure were the highest, with RQ values of 28.26 and 1.23, both greater than 1.0, indicating a high ecological risk. The highest concentrations of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were observed in the soil of the greenhouse where pig manure was used, with RQ values ranged from 0.1 to 1.0, indicating moderate ecological risks. (3) The application of pig manure organic fertilizer had a certain impact on the microbial community structure in greenhouse soil, changing the abundance ranking of dominant microbial communities. Specially, the fourth dominant bacterial phylum in the soil treated with pig manure had changed from Archaea to Chloroflexi. Research had shown that applying pig manure led to an increase in the relative abundance of Nocardioides, bacteria capable of producing antibiotics, which reached more than twice that of the control group.

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Preliminary Study on Agricultural Climate Resources during the Early Rice Growth Season in Zhejiang Province

ZHOU Hongyuan, ZHANG Libo, ZHANG Yonghui, ZHEN Guoning, HUANG Luxin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (35): 99-109. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0153

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To enhance the utilization rate of climatic resources during the growth season of early rice in Zhejiang Province and to achieve sustained and increased yields, daily average temperature, precipitation, and sunlight data from 66 national meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province spanning from 1971 to 2022 were analyzed in this study. Utilizing methods such as linear trend analysis and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of heat, precipitation, and light resources during the early rice growing period and growing season over the past 52 years were examined. The results indicate that the average temperature during the early rice growing period and growing season exhibits a distribution pattern characterized by higher values in the southwest and lower values in the northeast. The climate tendency rate fluctuates with increase of 0.34℃/10a and 0.38℃/10a for average temperature for heat accumulation, with a significant increase point observed in 2002. The annual accumulated temperature above10℃ for early rice ranges between 2719.1 to 3286.4℃·d, also displaying a southwest-high/northeast-low gradient with an increasing climate trend of 75.8°C·d/10a; notably, northeastern regions exhibit a faster increase compared to southwestern areas, leading to a reduction in spatial disparities regarding thermal resources. Interannual variability is significant for precipitation resources; their spatial distribution decreases progressively from southwest to northeast with marked differences observed across regions. The climate trends for precipitation during both the early rice growing period and overall growth season show slow increases at rates of approximately 12.2mm/10a and 14.1mm/10a respectively; these trends follow a staircase-like distribution where northeastern areas are wetter than southwestern ones. Light resource availability demonstrates considerable interannual fluctuations as well, and sunshine resources also exhibit large interannual variations with average sunshine hours being 698.9h and 771.9h, respectively, both showing declines at rates of -11.2h/10a and -8.9h/10a.The research findings provide meteorological evidence and support for enhancing the utilization of climate resources, mitigating meteorological disasters, and implementing scientifically informed varietal distribution, and help to achieve a sustained increase in early rice production in the Zhejiang region.

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Risk Assessment of Gale Disaster on Corn in Heilongjiang Province

LIU Henan, ZHANG Hongling, XU Yongqing, ZHU Hongrui

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (34): 118-124. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0857

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In order to study the impact of gale disasters on corn crops in high latitudes, based on the theory of natural disaster risk and combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, this paper analyzed the risk factors of gale disasters in Heilongjiang Province, the environmental sensitivity of disaster, the exposure of disaster bearing bodies and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction, and carried out a comprehensive risk assessment. The research shows that the high incidence areas of corn gale disasters are concentrated in the southeast of Songnen Plain and the west of Sanjiang Plain. These areas have flat terrain, no large-scale vegetation coverage, high wind risk coefficient, large corn planting area and medium disaster prevention and mitigation ability. It is suggested that maize lodging damage could be prevented and controlled by giving priority to the selection of lodging-resistant varieties, sowing in warm and suitable climate, regularly reinforcing maize plants during planting, and taking measures such as mulching protection. The results provide a theoretical basis for the relevant departments to adjust the agricultural structure and formulate disaster prevention and mitigation countermeasures and measures.

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Study on Disaster Risk Characteristics of Rainstorm in Mature Period of Actinidia arguta in Dandong Based on Information Diffusion Theory

DONG Haitao, LIU Dongming, LI Runan, FANG Yihe

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (34): 125-133. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0233

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In order to fully understand the impact of rainstorm disaster on the maturity stage of Actinidia arguta, the meteorological data of the maturity stage of A. arguta at four stations in Dandong from 1991 to 2020 were used. The rainstorm with continuous 2 d or more than 2 d (daily precipitation ≥0.1 mm, and at least 1 d precipitation ≥50 mm) was used as the index of rainstorm disaster. Considering the frequency, intensity and duration, the grades of mild, moderate and severe rainstorm disasters were formulated. The variation law of rainstorm disaster of A. arguta was analyzed by the number of disasters and the ratio of stations. The risk probability of rainstorm disaster was evaluated based on information diffusion theory. The results showed that the number of days of rainstorm process in the mature period of A. arguta in the study area increased in 30 a, and the increase in Kuandian area was the largest, with an average increase of 0.4 d per 10 a, and the occurrence of rainstorm disaster might be higher. During the 30 years, the occurrence frequency of different grades of rainstorm in the mature period of A. arguta in the study area was mild> moderate> severe, and the risk probability of rainstorm disaster was consistent with it, which was 27.9%, 11.5% and 7.2%, respectively. At the same time, the high risk probability areas corresponding to the three grades of rainstorm disaster were Zhen’an, Donggang and Zhen’an. In summary, although the probability of rainstorm disaster risk in Kuandian area is not as high as that in Zhen’an and Donggang, the precipitation is higher than that in the two areas, indicating that Kuandian area is more prone to high-level rainstorm weather processes. The risk of rainstorm disaster in the mature stage of A. arguta in Dandong area is high, with wide range and heavy degree. The research results obtained the risk probability and return period law of different grades of rainstorm disasters at each station, which provided a reference for scientific response to rainstorm disasters in the mature stage of A. arguta.

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Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Drought in Apple Growing Season in Hebei Province During 1981-2020

JIA Guimei, LI Chunqiang, WANG Rongrong, ZHANG Yanju

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (11): 64-71. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0242

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The apple planting area and output of Hebei Province are the top in the country, and the temporal and spatial variation trends and characteristics of extreme drought in Hebei Province are analyzed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific irrigation in apple producing areas, and promote the development of local characteristic agriculture and the effective utilization of water resources. Based on the data of 142 ground weather stations in Hebei Province, this paper used surface wetness index and wavelet analysis to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province in the past 40 years (1981-2020), including the frequency, total number of occurrences and cyclical changes of extreme drought. The results showed that: (1) in terms of time changes, the frequency of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province had averaged 0.7-3.5 times per year in the past 40 years. The occurrence of extreme drought in each growing period of apple growing season in descending order was as follows: initial growth period (germination-flowering stage), late growth stage, fruit coloration stage, young fruit stage, and fruit expansion period. Between the decades, the 1980s were the highest, the 2000s were the lowest, and the 2010s showed a recovery trend. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the total number of droughts in the apple growing season showed the characteristics of less in the northeast and more in the northwest and central and southern regions, and the number of extreme droughts in the southern region was higher than that in the northern region during each phenological period during the year, but the high-value areas of extreme drought occurrence in the fruit expansion period and the late growth period were concentrated in the northwest Hebei region. The variation period of extreme drought in the province was 4-8 a, 7-11 a, 16-20 a. The frequency of extreme drought showed a recovery trend in the young fruit stage and late growth stage of apples in the 2010s, which should attract attention in the production practice.

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Micro-Climatic Effect of Silver-Black Mulch Films and Their Application in Strawberry Cultivation

WEI Shasha, LI Qingbin, LIN Hongwei, FAN Kaifeng, QIN Benben, TANG Yining, CHEN Lei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 116-122. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0372

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Based on the daily meteorological data, such as precipitation, rain days and sunshine duration during the flowering and fruiting stages (from November to April) of strawberry in greenhouse of Cixi City from 2012 to 2021, both occurrence frequency and intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days in Northern Zhejiang Province were analyzed. Meanwhile, a comparative experiment was conducted regarding the application effects between silver-black mulch films (the upper layer adopts a silver mulch film while the lower layer adopts a black one) and black mulch film onto strawberry greenhouse. According to the findings, the probability of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 17.7% during the flowering and fruiting stages of greenhouse strawberry in Cixi City from 2012 to 2020, with their occurrence frequency of a slightly declining trend, and their linear trend coefficient was -0.005; the average intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 6.3, with their occurrence intensity of an increasing trend, and their linear trend coefficient was 0.0264. The most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days took place in November while the least took place in April. November saw the most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days that lasted for over 7 days, followed by January. In the low-temperature winter and spring, both kinds of mulching modes could effectively raise and maintain the shallow soil temperature at or above 10℃; the shallow soil temperature of the silver-black-film-treated group was lower than that of the black-film-treated group, and the average temperature of the former group was 0.4℃ lower than that of the latter group; the total solar radiation of the silver-black-film-treated group was 9.1 w/m² higher in average than that of the black-film-treated group. In the early producing stage (from December to February), the average yield of strawberries treated with silver and black films was 3629.4 kg/hm² while the average yield of strawberries treated with black film was 2951.1 kg/hm², thus realizing an increase of 20%. Silver-black-film treatment exerted certain promoting effect on the SPAD value of strawberry leaf, the soluble solid and the transverse fruit diameter. Therefore, in the production, covering silver-black mulch films can improve the micro-climatic environment in the greenhouse and achieve the role of increasing production and income of strawberries.

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Effects of Iron Chlorine e6 and Plastic Film Mulching on Comprehensive Greenhouse Effect in Vegetable Field

HU Naijuan, CHEN Qian, PENG Hao, QIN Ruyi, DENG Sheng, SUN Hongwu

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 123-128. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0098

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To explore the comprehensive greenhouse effect of iron chlorine e6 and different types of plastic film mulching, this study conducted a field experiment, setting up three treatments: water + plastic mulching (CK), iron chlorine e6 + plastic film mulching (T1), and iron chlorine e6 + biodegradable film mulching (T2). Static chamber gas chromatography was used to analyze CH₄, N₂O, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) in a vegetable field. The results showed that compared to CK, T2 significantly reduced CH₄ absorption by 59.4% and N₂O emissions by 25.6%. CH₄ emission was significantly positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, while N₂O emission was significantly positively correlated with NO₃^--N and negatively correlated with DOC. Compared with T1, T2 significantly increased broccoli yield by 22.9%, significantly reduced GWP by 37.8%, and GHGI significantly decreased by 40.0% and 50.0% under T2 treatment, respectively, compared to CK and T1. In summary, it could be seen that the combination of iron chlorine e6 and biodegradable plastic film has an increase in production and emission reduction effect, and thus, can be recommended as a low-carbon technology model.

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Spatiotemporal Change Characteristics and Risk Zoning of Wheat Dry Hot Wind in Bazhou of Xinjiang

HUO Jin, YU Huiqiao, ZHANG Shiming, HUANG Jiujun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (32): 135-142. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0068

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It is of great significance to grasp the occurrence and development law of wheat dry hot wind disaster and take targeted defensive measures to ensure food security. According to the meteorological industry standard of wheat dry-hot wind, using the daily meteorological observation data of 9 national meteorological stations and 114 regional automatic stations in agricultural areas in Bazhou from May to June from 1981 to 2023, the data of wheat development period and geographical basic information of agricultural meteorological observation stations, combined with ArcGIS10.8 technical mapping, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of wheat dry-hot wind days and processes in Bazhou were analyzed, and the risk zoning and evaluation were carried out. The results showed that the number of dry hot wind days and weather process showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing slowly, and then increasing obviously after decreasing slowly. The trend tendency rate was 2.2 d/10a and 1.2 meta/10 a, respectively in recent 43 years. In the 1980s, the decrease was more obvious, in the 1990s and 2010s, it showed an increasing trend, and after 2011, it increased significantly, which had the characteristics of time stages, and 2017 and 2022 were the years of high dry hot wind. From the proportion of three different degrees of dry-hot wind, the number of days and processes of light dry-hot wind are the most, and the trend of light process is significant; the number and process of medium and heavy dry-hot wind days did not change significantly. The number of dry hot wind days and the number of dry hot wind weather processes are similar in spatial distribution, that is, the desert oasis area in the southeast margin of the Taklimakan Desert is frequent and high occurrence area, the Bosten Lake waters and Yanqi Basin are less occurrence area, and other areas are secondary occurrence area, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of ‘more in the southeast and less in the northeast’ with obvious regionalism. The risk zoning results are divided into four levels of dry hot wind risk areas: heavy, heavier, moderate and mild (no), which can provide reference for disaster prevention in different risk planting areas.

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