Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.9 Published:25 March 2023

  Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Quality of Rice with Mechanical Sowing in Line Under Water CHEN Shujian, CHEN Jingdu, YANG Chengqin, XU Meigang, GAO Jianbo 2023, 39 (9):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0472 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 50 ) The aim is to screen suitable rice variety for sowing in line under water. ‘Nanjing 5718' and ‘Huaidao 5' were selected as materials. Under the soil condition of returning wheat straw to field, the method of mechanical sowing in line under water was adopted, and the split plot design was used, with the nitrogen application rate as the main area and the variety as the split plot. Three nitrogen application rate treatments were set up, which were 240 kg/hm2 (N1), 270 kg/hm2 (N2) and 300 kg/hm2 (N3) respectively, to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on rice yield and quality of mechanical sowing in line under water. The results showed that the appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the yield of rice. When the nitrogen application rate of ‘Nanjing 5718' was 270 kg/hm2, the yield components were the most coordinated and the yield reached the highest; while the yield was the highest when the nitrogen application rate of ‘Huaidao 5' was 300 kg/hm2. With the increase of nitrogen application, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and protein content of rice gradually increased, while the amylose content decreased. The peak viscosity, hot slurry viscosity, breakdown value and final viscosity all showed a downward trend, and the setback value gradually increased. Proper application of nitrogen fertilizer could improve the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice, but it reduced the quality of appearance and tasting at the same time. Under the same nitrogen application rate, ‘Nanjing 5718' was better than ‘Huaidao 5' in the aspects of yield, processing quality, appearance quality and tasting quality, but its nutritional quality was lower than that of ‘Huaidao 5'. The comprehensive analysis showed that rice yield and quality of mechanical sowing in line under water could be coordinated when the nitrogen application rate was 270 kg/hm2.

  Maize Varieties (Strains) in Different Ecological Regions in Yunnan Province: Analysis of High Yield Potential, Yield Stability and Variety Adaptability QIAN Shuanghong, CAI Shikun, ZHU Hanyong, WANG Shaobin, LI Zhengrun, WANG Yingmei, LI Shaoyun 2023, 39 (9):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0253 Abstract + ( 263 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 81 ) The study aims to screen new maize varieties with high quality in different ecological regions and under different cultivation conditions in Yunnan Province. Based on the grain yield data of 9 tested maize varieties in 15 test sites in Yunnan, the high yield potential, yield stability and variety adaptability of the tested maize varieties were analyzed by AMMI model and GGE biplot analysis method, and the discriminability and representativeness of the test sites were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the effects of genotype, environment and the genotype and environment interaction on maize yield were extremely significant. Comprehensive yield, AMMI model analysis and GGE biplot results showed that G3 (Wen 17-115), G6 (Wen 15-5851) and G5 (Wen 17-5313) were ideal varieties, and E15 (Puwen town site) and E2 (Shilin site) were well-integrated test sites, which had relatively strong discriminability and representativeness. AMMI model and GGE biplot analysis had different analysis emphases, but the evaluation results of the varieties were similar. The two methods could be complementary to each other and taken as the ideal tools for comprehensive and effective evaluation of varieties and test sites.

  Endophytic Bacteria from Maize Seed with Growth-promoting Potential: Isolation, Identification and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions YANG Tai, YU Huiying, LU Liming, FU Haiyan, LI Guoliang, DAI Wenlong, LIU Chunguang, YANG Fengshan, MA Yukun 2023, 39 (9):  16-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0591 Abstract + ( 138 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1815KB )   ( 37 ) The aim of this study is to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting function from maize seeds, and to provide strain resources and technical support for the research and development of bacterial fertilizer. In this experiment, maize seeds were used as the test materials, and endophytic bacteria were isolated and purified by plate coating and three-zone marking method. Drip irrigation test was used to screen growth-promoting strains. The fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. The promoting effect of the strains was verified by pot drip irrigation test. Bacillus subtilis was isolated and identified as SYL4, which had a relatively strong growth-promoting effect. The optimal culture condition for SYL4 was: peptone 1.5%, corn flour 0.5%, CaCO3 0.25 %, inoculation volume 5%, rotation speed 200 r/min, temperature 34℃, and incubation time 48 h. Drip irrigation of maize with fermentation broth increased root length and leaf length by 12.86% and 9.4%, root weight and leaf weight by 6.52% and 6%, respectively. In this study, an endophytic bacterium SYL4 with growth-promoting potential was isolated. The optimized fermentation condition increased the activity of peroxidase (POD) in maize seedlings and effectively promoted the growth of maize seedlings.

  Research Progress and Discussion on Related Issues of Heterosis Utilization of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] in China LI Suying, CUI Yanjiao, DOU Baofeng, LIU Zhengli 2023, 39 (9):  24-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0323 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 30 ) To improve the research level of foxtail millet heterosis utilization, this study reviewed the development history of the research on the utilization of foxtail millet heterosis in China, summarized its research process, and discussed the problems in the utilization of foxtail millet heterosis. The research on the utilization of foxtail millet heterosis in China was divided into four stages as initial stage, development stage, application stage and promotion stage. The existing problems in the utilization of foxtail millet heterosis were analyzed from eight aspects: inheritance and restoration of fertility, creation of parents with high outcrossing rate, herbicide resistance, reasons of weak heterosis and classification of heterotic groups, single cytoplasmic type and infection mechanism of cytoplasm-specific diseases, mechanism and prediction of heterosis, quality evaluation and deep processing of millet. Seven development trends of the utilization of foxtail millet heterosis were proposed, including taking high yield as the research focus, breeding varieties with excellent commercial quality and taste, building outstanding characteristics of millet industry, closely integrating basic and applied research, initiatively creating hybrid combination, updating application trend of hybrids and promoting the industrialization of seed production.

  Different Calcium Concentrations Under Aeroponics: Effects on Growth and Yield of Potato HU Baigeng, LI Xueyang, KONG Haiming, SUN Shasha, WANG Kexiu, HU Jianjun, HE Wei, TANG Mingxia 2023, 39 (9):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0475 Abstract + ( 140 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 51 ) The aim of this research is to explore the effect of calcium on potato physiology and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the production technology of pre-basic seed and reasonable application of calcium fertilizer. Two varieties, ‘Xisen 6' and ‘Chuanyu 50', were used as materials. A randomized block design was used to study the effects of different calcium concentrations on growth and development, physiological characteristics and yield of potato. The plant height, root length, leaf area index and stolon length of ‘Xisen 6' and ‘Chuanyu 50' under 13.5 mmol/L treatment were the highest, but the number of stolons was the least. Leaf ABA content decreased with the increase of calcium concentration, while GA3 content increased with the increase of calcium concentration. When the calcium concentration was 0.5 mmol/L, the number of tuber per plant of ‘Xisen 6' and ‘Chuanyu 50' was the highest, which was 26.56 tubers/plant and 41.27 tubers/plant, respectively. When the concentration of calcium was 4.5 mmol/L, the yield and the number of tubers weighed more than 1 g were the highest for each plant. The yield of ‘Xisen 6' and ‘Chuanyu 50' was 65.58 g/plant and 108.35 g/plant, and the number of tubers weighed more than 1 g was 19.57 tubers/plant and 28.92 tubers/plant, respectively. High calcium application could promote potato plant development, improve photosynthesis and increase the yield, while low calcium concentration could help to obtain more tubers per plant. In general, the optimal calcium concentration is 4.5 mmol/L under the experimental conditions of this study.

  Effects of Exogenous Hormone on Seed Germination of Agriophyllum squarrosum ZHANG Zhong, MA Quanlin, ZHANG Dekui, WEI Linyuan, CHEN Fang, QI Fujun 2023, 39 (9):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0662 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 35 ) In order to screen out the best exogenous hormone treatment to promote the germination of Agriophyllum squarrosum, different concentrations of gibberellin (GA3, GA4+7) and ABA synthesis inhibitor fluridone (FL) were used to conduct seed soaking experiments. The effects of soaking concentration and soaking time on the germination of Agriophyllum squarrosum were studied. The results showed that: (1) the germination of Agriophyllum squarrosum was better after being soaked by 1.6 g/L GA3, 0.4 g/L GA4+7 and 5.0 μmol/L FL, the germination rate was 93%, 82% and 100%, respectively, and the overall effect was FL>GA3>GA4+7; (2) at the optimum concentration, the germination rate of Agriophyllum squarrosum increased with the prolonging of the seed soaking in exogenous hormones within the soaking time of 0-24 h, and the germination rate was the highest at the soaking time of 24 h; (3) under the same seed soaking time, the germination rate under FL was higher than that under GA3 and GA4+7, and FL could break seed dormancy faster and promote rapid seed germination. In short, soaking seeds with exogenous hormones can not only improve the germination rate of Agriophyllum squarrosum, but also greatly shorten the germination process.

  A High Throughput Tomato Genomic DNA Extraction Method and Its Application in SNP Genotyping WANG Haiying, HAN Dejun, LI Xiaorui 2023, 39 (9):  45-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0005 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1842KB )   ( 26 ) With the development of plant molecular biology, there is a growing demand for DNA extraction from large-scale samples in plant molecular experiments. In the study, we aim to develop a rapid, simple and high-throughput DNA extraction method. Tomato leaves as test materials were freeze-dried and crushed in a 96-hole box. To simplify the extraction steps and achieve high-throughput DNA extraction, we used the improved SDS-DNA extraction method by “two-step sampling and one-step extraction”. The average concentration of DNA sample extracted by this method was about 138.6 ng/mL, which met the need of PCR amplification. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that most of the samples had clear and complete DNA bands without obvious degradation, but accompanied by some RNA. A total of 192 samples were detected by using 3 allele-specific quantitative PCR (AQP) markers. The results showed that the overall detection results of the 3 markers were good, and all of them could effectively distinguish different allelic loci between the samples. The effective fluorescence value of samples detected ranged from 97% to 99%, such DNA samples could satisfy molecular marker detection and genetic population genotyping. In this study, a simple, rapid and high-throughput method for DNA extraction from tomato was developed, which was also suitable for DNA extraction from other plant leaf tissues. This method could be successfully applied to AQP and other similar fluorescent molecular marker detection, and provide reference for large-scale molecular marker detection and other experimental DNA sample preparation.

  Investigation and Study on Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Main Forest Communities in Hanshan National Nature Reserve LIU Yuping, LIU Guifeng, ZHAO Eerdemutu, CHEN Mingyu, MA Jinhui, LIANG Hui 2023, 39 (9):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0303 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1152KB )   ( 26 ) Wild medicinal plant resources in Betula platyphylla community, B. dalurica community, Populus davidiana community and Tilia mongolice community were selected as research objects based on a field survey, in order to study the species composition and the medicinal parts of wild medicinal plant resources in Hanshan Natural Nature Reserve. The results showed that the total number of wild medicinal plants in the main forest communities of the Hanshan Natural Nature Reserve was 110 species, belonging to 89 genera in 37 families. Among them, there were 86 species of herbal medicinal plants, belonging to 74 genera in 28 families, and there were 24 species of woody medicinal plants, belonging to 17 genera in 14 families. There were 16 monotypic families of wild medicinal plants in the main forest communities, and 16 oligotypic families including 42 species. There were 4 medium species families including 28 species. There was only 1 largest species family, which was Compositae, with 24 species in total. The number of the monotypic genus was the largest, there were 75 genera including 75 species. Oligotypic genus had the second largest number, there were 13 genera including 28 species. There was only one medium species genus, which was Artemisia, including 7 species. According to the medicinal parts, wild medicinal plants could be divided into 9 classes: whole grasses, roots, rhizomes, leaves, fruits, flowers, barks, seeds and stems. There were more medicinal plants belonging to the classes of whole grasses and roots, accounting for 51.82% and 38.18% respectively of the total species of wild medicinal plants. The medicinal plants belonged to the classes of rhizomes, leaves, fruits, flowers, barks, seeds and stems were fewer, accounting for 12.73%, 10.91%, 9.09%, 7.27%, 6.36%, 6.36% and 4.55% respectively of the total wild medicinal plants. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.

  Evaluation of Synergistic Control Level for Water Resources, Sediment and Pollution in Small Watershed: A Case Study of the Ying River Source Area WANG Guozhong, LI Zhongyuan, ZHANG Jiyu, YANG Dan, LUO Qingyuan, LU Yuanzhang 2023, 39 (9):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0488 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 28 ) To master the coordination situation of the collaborative governance of water resources, sediment and pollution in small watershed, the index system was constructed from subsystems of water management, sediment and soil erosion control, and non-point source pollution prevention and control with the small watershed in Ying River source area as the example, and the coupling coordination degree model was adopted to study the synergistic effect of the three subsystems in 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018. The results showed that there was significant difference of the effect of each index from the three subsystems on the coupling system; and there was a coupling relationship of mutual influence and restriction among the three subsystems, which made the comprehensive evaluation index of the coupled system show a changing trend of ‘declining- rising- slowly declining—rising'. The variation trend of coupling degree and coupling coordination degree were basically the same, except the decrease in 2009 and 2015, it basically showed a slowly rising trend. The coupling degree was lower than 0.8 in 2006 and 2009, but above 0.8 in other years, indicating that the coupling level of the three subsystems was relatively high, which made the coordination degree of the coupling system rise slowly from intermediate to advanced and then to high quality, which was conducive to the in-depth development of ecological clean governance in the watershed. Therefore, it would be beneficial to increasing the synergistic control level of water resources, sediment and pollution in this area by relying on scientific and technological progress, vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, improving land use structure, reducing man-made soil and water loss, and increasing the rate of water quality and sewage treatment.

  Antibiotic Removal Mechanism in Constructed Wetland: A Review CHEN Gaolin, MAI Yongxin, ZHANG Dongqing, LV Mengyu, LI Xia 2023, 39 (9):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0283 Abstract + ( 144 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 45 ) With the discharge of medical wastewater and domestic sewage, antibiotics have been frequently detected in the aquatic environment and accumulated in human body through the transmission and accumulation of food chain, posing severe threat to human health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used as green alternatives to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. However, to date, the mechanism of applying CWs to remove antibiotics has not been comprehensively elucidated. In order to clarify the removal behavior of antibiotics in different types of CWs, this study investigates the role of key components, including wetland substrates, microbial organisms and macrophytes, in antibiotic removal in CWs. The key mechanisms involved in antibiotic removal are summarized, including soil substrate adsorption, plant root system uptake and stem translocation, and microbial biodegradation in root system. This study also assesses the factors affecting antibiotic removal in CWs, such as the physiochemical properties of antibiotics, the types of soil substrates, enzyme type, pH, redox conditions, microbial species and activities. In addition, an in-depth discussion about the strategies for enhancing antibiotic removal in CWs ecosystem is carried out, in order to shed a light into further exploration of feasible, innovative, and efficient solutions for antibiotic removal in CWs.

  Soil Quality Evaluation of Oasis Cotton Fields in Shaya County of Xinjiang WU Chupeng, SHENG Jiandong, HU Yutong, CHENG Zhihui, YANG Pengfei 2023, 39 (9):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0301 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 41 ) By evaluating the soil quality of cotton fields in Shaya County and exploring the relationship between soil salinization and soil quality, the study aims to promote sustainable production in cotton fields. We took the main cotton planting areas of 4 townships in Shaya County as the research objects, and measured six physical and chemical indexes, including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, total salt and bulk density. Then, we calculated the soil integrated fertility index (IFI) and used the M-SQR evaluation method to determine the soil quality rating of cotton fields. The results showed that the nutrient contents of cotton fields were moderate and the soil bulk density was relatively large in Shaya County; up to 30% of the sample sites had different degrees of soil salinization. The soil salinity was negatively correlated with most soil nutrient indicators. According to the scoring results, the soil integrated fertility index of cotton fields could be divided into five levels. Compared with the IFI rating, the number of samples above grade III decreased by 31.37% in the SQR rating, while the number of low-grade soil quality sampling points increased by 16. The soil quality of saline-alkali patch, sand patch and reed patch were grade Ⅴ in this research, and the soil quality of the central cotton area was better than that of the southern and northern cotton areas. In conclusion, the M-SQR evaluation model has certain reliability, and soil salinization could inhibit the accumulation of soil nutrients and is a limiting factor of soil quality. The evaluation results of each sampling point have regional differences in spatial distribution. This study could provide a good way for the improvement of soil salinization and serve the management of soil quality in cotton fields in the region.

  Characteristics and Remediation of Secondary Salinization in Facility Soil CHEN Linan, LIU Xiuchun, ZHOU Yanqi, ZHU Hong 2023, 39 (9):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0277 Abstract + ( 192 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 41 ) Secondary salinization in facility soil has become one of the main obstacles to the healthy development of facility agriculture. This article reviewed soil physical and chemical characters and types of salt ions of secondary salinization, and the research progress of remediation by summarizing domestic and foreign literature. A new prospect for the green chemical remediation of the secondary salinization in facility soil was discussed by analyzing the characteristics and remediation effect of three green chemical soil remediation agents: chitosan, glycinebetaine and poly-γ-glutamic acid.

  The Responses of Nitrogen Loss from Paddy Field to Simulated Rainfall and Restored Materials MIAO Huan, QIAO Yunfa, LI Qing, MIAO Shujie 2023, 39 (9):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0336 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1144KB )   ( 29 ) To explore effective measures to reduce the nitrogen loss from paddy field, the study was carried out to reveal the response of nitrogen loss from paddy field with different restored materials under heavy rain condition. Based on pot experiment and artificial rainfall simulation, the experiment set up two rainfall intensities (4 and 80 mm/h) and three surface water depths (2, 5 and 8 cm). Straw and biochar were used as restored materials to study the effects of rainfall intensity and restoration measures on nitrogen loss in paddy field with time and at different rice growth stages. The results showed that under the same amount of rainfall condition, after the simulated 4 mm/h rainfall, the concentration of NH4+-N in the surface water with straw and biochar addition was 15.1% and 59.4% lower than that of control treatment (NPK), respectively. However, the concentration of NO3--N in the straw and biochar added surface water was slightly higher than that of the control treatment. After a short-time heavy rainfall (80 mm/h), the concentration of NH4+-N in surface water was decreased by 55.4% and 63.9% by straw and biochar addition, respectively, and the concentration of NO3--N was decreased by 38.7% and 48.1%, respectively. Under the two rainfall intensities, the concentrations of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the surface water were the highest on the first day after rainfall, then began to decrease, and the lowest level was observed on the fifth day. In general, the concentration of NO3--N in the surface water of paddy field was lower than that of NH4+-N, but both of them showed gradual decrease trends with time. The concentrations of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the surface water were decreased with water layer increase after rainstorm. These results indicate that the addition of straw and biochar could effectively retain nitrogen nutrient in paddy soil and reduce the risk of nutrient loss. In comparison, biochar addition is better than straw addition. If the drainage time is delayed after rainfall, the nitrogen loss in the paddy field could be effectively reduced, and one week after fertilization is a critical period to control the nitrogen loss from paddy soil.

  Fine Regionalization of Climatic Suitability for Sorghum Planting in Shanxi Province Based on GIS HAN Xiaoying, ZHANG Lei, YANG Sanwei, LU Yanzhen, LI Wenting 2023, 39 (9):  92-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0281 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2284KB )   ( 70 ) Climatic conditions and growth cycle are crucial for sorghum planting. To optimize the layout of sorghum planting in Shanxi Province, it is important to fully and rationally use the climatic resources. In this work, we analyzed and modeled the daily meteorological data to establish the sorghum climate regionalization based on the climatic suitability grade, in which the data were collected from 109 meteorological monitoring stations in Shanxi Province ranging from 1979 to 2020. Specifically, we adopted the related climatic indices as the experimental indices for the sorghum climate regionalization, which included the average temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃, and the annual frost-free period data during the sorghum growth period. GIS method was utilized to calculate the climatic elements of the sorghum planting and correct the climatic indices of regionalization based on the geographical relationships. The experimental results indicated that the most suitable areas for sorghum planting in Shanxi Province located in most counties (districts) on the west side of Lvliang Mountain and most other basins in Shanxi Province, which accounted for 41% of the total area. The sub-suitable areas were mainly distributed in low plains or low mountain areas of Shanxi Province, which accounted for 42% of the total area. Unsuitable areas were mainly distributed in high-altitude and cold areas in Shanxi Province, which accounted for 17% of the total area. This work demonstrated the significance of climatic conditions and the growth cycle for sorghum planting in Shanxi Province. It could provide a scientific basis for sorghum planting and production in all counties (districts) in Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Exogenous Potassium on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Plants Under Salt Stress: A Review PING Wenchao, XU Jing, CAO Pingping, ZHANG Zhongbo, WANG Yumei, WANG Anlu, JIANG Jianxun 2023, 39 (9):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0098 Abstract + ( 175 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1116KB )   ( 48 ) Potassium ion is involved in many physiological metabolic processes of plants, and can alleviate the salt stress of plants to varying degrees and promote plant growth and development. In order to fully understand the effects of exogenous potassium on plant growth under salt stress, this study summarized the effects of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism, the physiological role of potassium in plants, and the effect of exogenous potassium on the physiological characteristics of plant growth under salt stress. The study also analyzed the effects of potassium on growth and development, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, osmotic substances, antioxidant enzyme activities, water status, and ion distribution in plants under salt stress. Considering the lack of research on the molecular mechanism of potassium ion in alleviating salt stress in plants and its application, we suggested that future studies should focus on the two following aspects: (1) to identify the regulation and expression of potassium ion transport mechanism, signal transduction, and related genes in plants under salt stress; (2) to carry out long-term fertilizer positioning experiment and develop new potassium fertilizers that can improve salt tolerance in plants. In summary, the study can provide a solution for plant salt tolerance enhancement and saline soil improvement by using potassium in the future.

  Information Mining of SNP Sites in the Leaf Transcriptome of Sunflower Drought-resistant Inbred Lines WEN Yujie, ZHAO Yajie, ZHU Kongyan, ZHAO Rong, WANG Meng, QIAO Yimin, BAO Haizhu, GAO Julin 2023, 39 (9):  106-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0335 Abstract + ( 163 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 4077KB )   ( 28 ) In order to explore the transcriptome SNP markers in response to drought stress in sunflower, with the sunflower drought resistant inbred line 17062 as the experimental material, RNA-seq technology combined with bioinformatics analysis method was used to statistically analyze SNP markers. The results showed that in SNP type analysis, the conversion rate accounted for 62.82%, and the inversion rate accounted for 37.17%. In the conversion, the frequency of C/T was the highest, which was 31.51%. In the distribution of functional elements, the number of SNP distributed in exons was 178744.3, which was significantly more than that of other functional elements. The sequence annotation of SNP sites found that 76678 SNP genes had GO annotation and 4379 had KEGG annotation. The repeated SNP gene sequences in the Top30 GO annotation ranking (Top30) differential genes (DEGs) were screened, and 1542 genes were obtained, of which 650 gene sequences had GO annotation. These differential genes are involved in multiple biological functions and important metabolic pathways, which are of great significance for the development of SNP markers in sunflower transcriptome, the identification of drought resistant germplasm resources, and the selection of drought resistant “three-line” hybrids.

  A High-yield Nattokinase Strain: ARTP Mutation Breeding and Medium Optimization PAN Dongmei, ZHANG Xinqing, YANG Chuanlun, TIAN Jiewei, WANG Hongxia, YANG Dandan, GUO Nannan, YU Shuaishuai, HAN Lixia, MA Chunfeng, BU Liqun, CAI Qianqian, GUO Zhongrui 2023, 39 (9):  115-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0358 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1905KB )   ( 28 ) The aim of this paper is to improve the fermentation level of nattokinase and expand its application as a new fibrinolytic drug. A wild strain P producing nattokinase was mutagenized by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). A high-yield nattokinase mutant P501 with stable genetic performance was selected and the activity of nattokinase was 1.02 times higher than that of the wild strain. The fermentation medium for nattokinase production was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface experiment. The optimal fermentation medium was as follows: glucose 30 g/L, corn flour 40 g/L, soybean meal 30 g/L, Na2HPO4 3 g/L, K2HPO4 0.3 g/L, MgSO4 0.6 g/L, CaCl2 0.63 g/L, serine 0.07 g/L and soybean oil 0.61 g/L. After verification experiment, the activity of nattokinase reached 9691 Fu/mL, which was 6.68 times higher than that of basic fermentation medium.

  Effects of Different Chemicals on Nitrogenase Activity of Monochamus alternatus Hope JIN Mingxia, WANG Yang, XIE Gu'ai, WANG Zhanyin, XIONG Caiyun, LIU Xiaohua, TU Yegou, WAN Jing, YAN Yuanying 2023, 39 (9):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0296 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 23 ) At present, Monochamus alternatus is a challenge in the prevention and control of forestry pests at home and abroad. Based on the fact that Monochamus alternatus is a wood-feeding insect and has its own nitrogen-fixing ability, the nitrogen fixation ability of Monochamus alternatus can be destroyed by screened chemicals, resulting in the death of Monochamus alternatus due to the lack of nitrogen nutrition. This is a new way of pest control. The authors used acetylene reduction method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, to determine the difference of nitrogenase activity between intestinal nitrogenase bacteria of Monochamus alternatus and insects at different growth stages (adults, larvae and eggs) under different chemical treatments. The results showed that the treatment of abamectin and NH4Cl had great influence on nitrogenase activity of Monochamus alternatus adults. The nitrogenase activity under both the two chemical treatments was only 0.1 IU/g and 0.08 IU/g, respectively. Compared with that of the control, the nitrogenase activity was decreased by 1.82 IU/g and 1.85 IU/g, respectively. Strain EH had the strongest nitrogen fixation activity, but its nitrogen fixation activity was only 1.2 nmol/(mL·h) under NH4Cl treatment, 50.9 nmol/(mL·h) less than the normal nitrogen fixation activity. In theory, NH4Cl can be used to control Monochamus alternatus in forests.

  Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) in Spodoptera litura Adults: Nested PCR Detection PU Xiaoming, DENG Haibin, LU Zheng, ZHANG Jingxin, SUN Dayuan, SHEN Huifang, LIU Pingping, LIN Birun, YANG Qiyun 2023, 39 (9):  128-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0351 Abstract + ( 153 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1553KB )   ( 37 ) The aim of this study is to establish a rapid and reliable method for molecular detecting of SpltNPV in Spodoptera litura adults, in order to overcome the defect of the conventional PCR technology. In this paper, the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene of Spodoptera litura was used as the detection object. Nested PCR primers were designed based on the egt gene sequences, including a pair of outer primers egt-F/R and a pair of inner primers egt1-F/R. And the reliability of nested PCR detection was studied on Spodoptera litura adults. The results showed that the nested PCR method had strong specificity for SpltNPV DNA amplification, and the minimum limit for amplification detection of primer egt-F/R was 10-7 μg/μL. The results also indicated that two rounds of conventional PCR amplification could not detect the SpltNPV by the primers of egt-F/R, and the nested PCR method could effectively amplify the target fragment of gene egt. In addition, the sensitivity of the nested PCR method was 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the two rounds of the conventional PCR detection method. Therefore, the nested PCR method for detecting SpltNPV was established for Spodoptera litura adults in this study. Moreover, the method can provide technical support for the epidemiological study on the infection and transmission of the virus in Spodoptera litura adults.

  Prefabricated Heterogeneous Composite Wall Solar Greenhouse: Test and Analysis of Winter Application Effect LI Yong, WANG Wenjing, QIE Lijuan, KANG Ligai, LIU Weibin, LI Mo 2023, 39 (9):  134-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0333 Abstract + ( 115 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1618KB )   ( 30 ) In order to solve the problems of traditional solar greenhouses such as poor resistance to natural disasters and low soil utilization efficiency, a new type of prefabricated heterogeneous composite wall solar greenhouse is proposed. The greenhouse is composed of a bone structure forming a load-bearing structure, and the wall is composed of a heat storage layer and an insulation layer, with a thickness of only 30 cm, which realizes the efficient use of land resources. This study mainly tested and analyzed the winter application effect of the greenhouse, and arranged 31 temperatures, 1 solar irradiance and 1 outdoor wind speed measurement point in the greenhouse and outdoor respectively. The results showed that under continuous cloudy days, the daily minimum air temperature range in the greenhouse was 6.5-8.9℃, the daily minimum temperature range of soil was 15.3-18.2℃, and the minimum temperature range of the internal surface of the greenhouse wall was 6.5-9.6℃, which were all maintained within the suitable growth temperature range of tomatoes. At the same time, the indoor temperature of the greenhouse was analyzed continuously for one month, and there was no temperature lower than the minimum tolerance temperature of tomatoes. The designed greenhouse has good thermal insulation and heat storage properties under the unfavorable condition of continuous cloudy days, which can realize the overwintering production of tomatoes. This study can provide a certain theoretical basis for the construction and development of prefabricated solar greenhouses and the selection of new composite wall materials.

  Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Wind Disaster Risk of Facility Agriculture in Hubei Province YANG Qingqing, LIU Kequn, LIU Kaiwen, SUN Chen, XIAO Weiyu 2023, 39 (9):  143-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0322 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 33 ) To calculate the probability of disasters caused by different hazard winds to facility agriculture in Hubei Province, and analyze the change characteristics of disaster-causing winds, based on the meteorological datasets of each city in Hubei from 1991 to 2020, this study defined the indexes of mild, moderate, severe, and extra-heavy grade of wind disasters by double-condition constraints. The results showed that the greater the wind speed, the larger the disaster probability of facility agriculture was. The days of hazard winds were evenly distributed over the four seasons, and the days in spring and summer were greater than that in autumn and winter. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) analysis results showed that there were quasi-periodic changes of about 2-3 years, 6 years and 15 years in the disaster-causing wind force of facility agriculture in Hubei and the disaster-causing wind force remained stable until 2008. Since then, it showed a significant upward trend, and the number of disaster-causing wind days might increase in the future. The overall wind disaster risk in facility greenhouses was high in the central of the province and low in the east and west. The risk of wind disaster in Xiangyang was the greatest. In summary, the following cities, including Xiaogan, Enshi, Wuhan, Yichang, Huanggang, Shiyan, and Xianning, are at mild to moderate risk of wind disasters, which are suitable for the development of facility agriculture.

  Effects of Micro-ecology Preparation Improving Soil on the Vegetative Growth and Fruit Quality of Twig Blight Diseased Bayberry REN Haiying, ZHENG Jingmeng, SHI Wei, WU Haodi, WANG Kangqiang, YU Mingquan, WANG Zhenshuo, WANG Qi 2023, 39 (9):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0292 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1107KB )   ( 35 ) Bayberry twig blight has been a major disease endangering the bayberry industry in recent years. In order to study the effect of micro-ecology preparation on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of twig blight diseased bayberry, anti-continuous cropping microbial agent, soil conditioner, bio-organic fertilizer and different combinations were selected for experiments, and conventional management was the control. The results showed that all the treatments significantly promoted shoot length, shoot diameter, leaf length and leaf width, and significantly reduced the titratable acid content of fruits. Compared with those of the control, the twig length, shoot thickness, leaf length, soluble solids and total sugar of anti-continuous cropping microbial agent treatment were the highest, which increased by 122.92%, 19.80%, 18.94%, 9.98% and 19.04%, respectively; the leaf width of bio-organic fertilizer treatment was the highest, increased by 15.99%; the content of titratable acid of soil conditioner treatment was the lowest, decreased by 51.16%. In summary, the vegetative growth and fruit quality of the single application of anti-continuous cropping microbial agent were the best among all the treatments. The anti-continuous cropping microbial agent could be promoted to improve the quality of the vegetative growth and fruit quality of bayberry influenced by twig blight.

  Environmental Impact Assessment of Biogas Plant Under the Vision of “Peaking Carbon Emissions and Achieving Carbon Neutrality” GONG Weizheng, WANG Jingjing, LIU Weiwei, LI Quanlin, YANG Zhiliang 2023, 39 (9):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0274 Abstract + ( 139 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1118KB )   ( 31 ) The strategic goal of “peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality” shows China's responsibility as a major country to address global climate change issue, and its commitment to realizing a community of shared future for mankind and accelerating the course of energy-saving and emission-reduction. This study took a project with a daily output of 20,000 cubic meters of biogas as a case and used the method of life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate its environmental impact. The study divided the entire life cycle into three stages: raw material collection and pretreatment, medium-high temperature anaerobic fermentation and biogas resource utilization, and established an evaluation list for the biogas anaerobic fermentation project. The results show that the net production capacity of this biogas project can reach 2494064.6 kg/a. Compared with traditional coal power generation, its ability to reduce environmental impact is 234.9038 kpt/a, and the reduction rate is 32.89%. The study proves that the biogas project has productivity benefits and environmental benefits. Based on the current development situation of the biogas industry at home and abroad, and the opportunities and challenges under the vision of “peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality”, this study shows that China's future biogas industry has great potential for development.